Special Issue No. – 9, May, 2020

Abstract:

The advancement and frequent usage of smartphones have penetrated everyday life to a point that mobile apps become one of the essential tools of conduct. Even now, the application of mobile app has shown its significance in the mHealth fields to help overcome many health-related problems. Hitherto, one of the global health issues that are terrorizing the public health is the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Yet, the public awareness on this matter is significantly low, suggesting that the awareness programs were slow to show their effectiveness. Thus, this study highlighted the need to develop an awareness mobile app, known as SEDAR, which is short for ‘Stop and End the Drastic Antibiotic Resistance’. In addition, the aim of this paper is to convey and describe the development of the SEDAR awareness app and convey the results of the preliminary testing of the app. SEDAR app was developed on the Android platform and consisted of two parts; the quest and the feedback. The quest evaluated the users’ responses on antibiotic-based situations and portrayed the feedback in the form of scores. Based on the preliminary testing of the SEDAR app, more than 60% of participants showed likeability to repeat the quest and 90% out of the participants who repeated the quest improved their scores. This inevitably demonstrated that the SEDAR app showed potential in encouraging the public to learn and understand more about antibiotic resistance issues, to which the conventional awareness programs had limitations.

Keywords:

Android app,Gamification,mHealth,Public Health,Points,

Refference:

I. Azmi, F., Skwarczynski, M., & Toth, I. (2016). Towards the development of synthetic antibiotics: designs inspired by natural antimicrobial peptides. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 23(41): 4610–4624.

II. Bodendorf, F., & Kaiser, C. (2010). Detecting opinion leaders and trends in online communities. In Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth International Conference on Digital Society (pp. 124–129). IEEE.

III. Chin, C. (2015). Patients can’t get enough of antibiotics. The Star Online. On the WWW, Oct 2018. URL https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/04/26/patients-cant-get-enough-of-antibiotics-demand-continues-to-rise-in-malaysia-despite-warnings-on-dan/
IV. Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining gamification. In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 9–15). ACM.

V. Ilhan, E., Sener, B., & Hacihabiboğlu, H. (2016). Creating Awareness of Sleep-Wake Hours by Gamification. In International Conference on Persuasive Technology (pp. 122–133). Springer.

VI. Islahudin, F., Madihah, A., Tamezi, A., & Shah, N. M. (2014). Knowledge, attitudes and practices about antibiotic use among the general public in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 45(6): 1474.

VII. Johnson, D., Deterding, S., Kuhn, K.-A., Staneva, A., Stoyanov, S., & Hides, L. (2016). Gamification for health and wellbeing: A systematic review of the literature. Internet Interventions, 6: 89–106.

VIII. Koo, H. S., & Omar, M. S. (2018). Knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use and awareness on antibiotic resistance among older people in Malaysia. In The 2nd International Conference On Pharmacy Education And Research Network Of Asean (ASEAN PharmNET 2017).

IX. Lim, K. K., & Teh, C. C. (2012). A cross sectional study of public knowledge and attitude towards antibiotics in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Southern Med Review, 5(2): 26–33.

X. Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission. (2017). Handphone Users Survey. On the WWW, July 2018. URL https://www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/media/General/pdf/HPUS2017.pdf

XI. Mekler, E. D., Brühlmann, F., Tuch, A. N., & Opwis, K. (2017). Towards understanding the effects of individual gamification elements on intrinsic motivation and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 71: 525–534.

XII. Mohamed Shah, N., & Abdul Rahim, M. (2017). Parental knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) on the use of antibioticsin children for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; 105–110.

XIII. Morschheuser, B., Hamari, J., Werder, K., & Abe, J. (2017). How to gamify? A method for designing gamification. In Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences 2017. University of Hawai’i at Manoa.

XIV. NHS. (2016). Antibiotics. On the WWW, June 2018. URL http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Antibiotics-penicillins/Pages/Introduction.aspx

XV. Norazah, A. (2014). National Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Report (NSAR) Malaysia. Ministry of Health Malaysia.

XVI. Owen, J. E., Jaworski, B. K., Kuhn, E., Makin-Byrd, K. N., Ramsey, K. M., & Hoffman, J. E. (2015). mHealth in the wild: using novel data to examine the reach, use, and impact of PTSD coach. JMIR Mental Health, 2(1).

XVII. Pushpa, B. S., Safii, N. S., Hamzah, S. H., Fauzi, N., Yeo, W. K., Koon, P. B., … Ming, C. L. (2018). Development of NutriSportEx TM-interactive sport nutrition based mobile application software. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(1S): 339–351.

XVIII. Russo, M., Bergami, M., & Morandin, G. (2018). Surviving a day without smartphones. MIT Sloan Management Review, 59(2): 7–9.

XIX. Saam, M., Huttner, B., Harbarth, S., & World Health Organization. (2017). Evaluation of antibiotic awareness campaigns. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety.

XX. Sama, P. R., Eapen, Z. J., Weinfurt, K. P., Shah, B. R., & Schulman, K. A. (2014). An evaluation of mobile health application tools. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 2(2).

XXI. Sugijarto, D. P., Mukhtar, M., Safie, N., & Sulaiman, R. (2018). Developing Context Awareness Mobile Application for Blood Donation. International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 2(3): 118–126.

XXII. Topik, S. A., Mohamed Basri, Z. D., Lee, K. E., & Ab Wahid, M. (2016). A Review of the Occurrence of Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance Bacteria. World Applied Sciences Journal: 1762–1769.

XXIII. Tuten, T. L., & Solomon, M. R. (2017). Social media marketing. SAGE.

XXIV. Ventola, C. L. (2014). Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits. Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 39(5): 356.

XXV. WHO. (2016). Antibiotic resistance. World Health Organisation.

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Abstract:

This paper examines the recovery of carbon fibers (CF) from a polymeric composite waste of high end application industry. Thermolysis technique and gasification in nitrogen coupled with oxygen atmosphere is applied by particularly studied the influence of different process parameters (final heating temperature, atmosphere and heating rate). Thermal decomposition analysis of the high end application CFRP waste cured carbon fibre was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The samples were heated in dual environment of nitrogen (420⁰C) and oxygen (540⁰C) at different heating rate (5 and 10⁰C/min). Visual inspection was performed with SEM and FT-IR, respectively to assess the morphological properties and chemical composition of the recovered CF. Molecules of epoxy resin components were found to decompose in nitrogen atmosphere followed by complete matrix decomposition in oxygen atmosphere. Lower heating rate at 5⁰C/min efficiently separate the left reclaimed carbon fibre from their matrix. The different system of CFRP from industrial waste required different recovering methods of CF

Keywords:

CFRP,Epoxy resin,Thermolysis,Recycling,TGA,

Refference:

I. A. Afaghi Khatibi, V. Chevali, S. Feih, and A. P. Mouritz, “Probability analysis of the fire structural resistance of aluminium plate,” Fire Saf. J., vol. 83, pp. 15–24, 2016
II. A. M. Cunliffe and P. T. Williams, “Characterisation of products from the recycling of glass fibre reinforced polyester waste by pyrolysis q,” vol. 82, pp. 2223–2230, 2003
III. A. S. Abu-Bakar and K. A. M. Moinuddin, “Effects of Variation in Heating Rate , Sample Mass and Nitrogen Flow on Chemical Kinetics for Pyrolysis,” 18th Australas. Fluid Mech. Conf., no. December, pp. 18–21, 2012
IV. D. Bücheler, A. Kaiser, and F. Henning, “Using Thermogravimetric Analysis to Determine Carbon Fiber Weight Percentage of Fiber-Reinforced Plastics,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 106, pp. 218–223, 2016.
V. G. Oliveux, L. O. Dandy, and G. A. Leeke, “Current status of recycling of fibre reinforced polymers: Review of technologies, reuse and resulting properties,” Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 72, pp. 61–99, 2015
VI. K. Tao, S. Vladimir, and E. Tim, “Effect of the Heating Rate on the Thermochemical Behavior and Biofuel Properties of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis,” Energy Fuels, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1564–1570, 2016
VII. L. Ka-Leung, O. O. Adetoyese, C. Kwok-Yuen, L. King-Lung, and H. Chi-Wai, “Modelling pyrolysis with dynamic heating,” Chem. Eng. Sci., vol. 66, no. 24, pp. 6505–6514, 2011
VIII. L. O. Meyer, K. Schulte, and E. Grove-Nielsen, “CFRP-recycling following a pyrolysis route: Process optimization and potentials,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1121–1132, 2009.
IX. M. Boulanghien, M. R’Mili, G. Bernhart, F. Berthet, and Y. Soudais, “Mechanical Characterization of Carbon Fibres Recycled by Steam Thermolysis: A Statistical Approach,” Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 2018, p. 10, 2018
X. M. Holmes, “Global carbon fibre market remains on upward trend,” Reinf. Plast., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 38–45, 2014
XI. P. Tranchard, F. Samyn, S. Duquesne, B. Estèbe, and S. Bourbigot, “Modelling behaviour of a carbon epoxy composite exposed to fire: Part I-Characterisation of thermophysical properties,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 5, 2017
XII. P. Tranchard, S. Duquesne, F. Samyn, B. Estèbe, and S. Bourbigot, “Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of a carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin laminate,” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 126, no. May, pp. 14–21, 2017.
XIII. S. Feih and A. P. Mouritz, “Tensile properties of carbon fibres and carbon fibre-polymer composites in fire,” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 765–772, 2012.
XIV. S. J. Pickering, “Recycling Technologies For Thermoset Composite Materials,” Adv. Polym. Compos. Struct. Appl. Constr. ACIC 2004, vol. 37, pp. 392–399, 2004
XV. S. Pimenta and S. T. Pinho, “Recycling carbon fibre reinforced polymers for structural applications: Technology review and market outlook,” Waste Manag., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 378–392, 2011
XVI. V. L. Sergei and D. W. Edward, “Thermal decomposition, combustion and flame‐retardancy of epoxy resins—a review of the recent literature,” Polym. Int., vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1901–1929, 2004
XVII. X. Huang, “Fabrication and properties of carbon fibers,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 2369–2403, 2009.
XVIII. Y. Sheng Yin, B. Arezki, S. Yannick, and B. Radu, “Parameter Optimization of the Steam Thermolysis: A Process to Recover Carbon Fibers from Polymer-Matrix Composites,” Waste and Biomass Valorization, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 73–86, 2013

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Abstract:

In the available microprocessors and microcontrollers, the multi-bit operations are implemented with very less efficiency. Generally, these complex bit operations are emulated using programming logic. These bit manipulation operations are frequently required in the applications that are becoming very important. In this paper, we propose two new techniques which can directly support these bit operations in the form of shifter unit that can implement standard shifter operations in microprocessors and controllers. The design of the proposed shifter unit is based on the inverse butterfly circuit.[X] In this paper, we propose two techniques that have shift/rotate and mask circuits which enable the same circuit to perform all types of the standard shift and rotate operations found in some processors. The first technique is using Data reversal method and second using Two’s complement method. The design of Shifter-Permute functional unit is the important and critical task towars optimizing parameters such as speed, area and power consumption. Here we have implemented an 8-bit Shift-rotate functional unit for bit manipulation in the form of two approaches and have analyzed the circuits in terms of speed, area, and power consumption. Here the circuits are implemented and analyzed by using the most popular semi-custom design tool Vivado ISE 2015 and is synthesized by using Artix-7 FPGA and the same is reflected  in the mathematical model purposed for each circuit.

Keywords:

Data reversal,Two’s complement,Shifter,Butterfly and Inverse butterfly,Shift/Rotate,Mask,

Refference:

I. Claudio Brunelli, ‘Design of Hardware Accelerators for Embedded Multimedia Applications’, 2009

II. Eduardo Jonathan Martínez Montes, Facultatd’Informàtica de Barcelona (FIB), “Design and implementation of a Multimedia Extension for a RISC Processor”,Master in Innovation and Research in Informatics (MIRI-HPC) ,2 July 2015.

III. GauravMitra, Beau Johnston, Alistair P. Rendell, and Eric McCreath, “Use of SIMD Vector Operations to Accelerate Application Code Performance on Low-Powered ARM and Intel Platforms”, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum, 10.1109/IPDPSW.2013.207

IV. Mario Garrido, Member, Jesus Grajal and Oscar Gustafsson, “Optimum Circuits for Bit Reversal”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART II: EXPRESS BRIEFS

V. Neil Burgess, “Assessment of Butterfly Network VLSI Shifter Circuit”, 978-1-4244-9721-8/10/ pp 92-96, Asilomar 2010 ©2010 IEEE

VI. Sabyasachi Das and Sunil P. Khatri, “A Timing-Driven Approach to Synthesize Fast Barrel Shifters”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS—II: EXPRESS BRIEFS, VOL. 55, NO. 1,Pgs. 31-36, JANUARY 2008

VII. SushmaWadar, D S Bormane, S C Patil, AvinashPatil, ‘A Novel Approach to Perform Shift/Rotate and Bit Permutation Operation’, ICNTET, GRT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tirutanni, Chennai.

VIII. SushmaWadar, D S Bormane, S C Patil, AvinashPatil, ‘A Novel Approach to Perform Shift/Rotate and Bit Permutation Operation’, ICNTET, GRT Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tirutanni, Chennai.

IX. White Paper, ‘Developing Embedded Applications with ARM® CortexTM-M1Processors in Actel IGLOO and Fusion FPGAs’, March 2009

X. Woo-KyeongJeong and Yong-Surk Lee, “A Universal Shifter with Packed Data Formats”, International Journal for Electronics and Communications, (AE¨U) 57 (2003) No. 6, Pgs. 420−422

XI. YedidyaHilewitz, Member, IEEE, and Ruby B. Lee, ‘A New Basis for Shifters in General-Purpose Processors for Existing and Advanced Bit Manipulation’, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS, VOL. 58, NO. 8, AUGUST 2009 pp 1036-1048

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Abstract:

The contribution made by authors in the research work carried out on square operation is bought forward operated on a four and eight-bit number using duplex property of number based on Vedic mathematics. The conventional method of computing square of a number follows the polynomial multiplication of the same number to find the square. The said method requires the area and power consumption is not sufficiently optimized considering today’s low power application needs. The proposed method of computing the square of a number presented here is based on the Dwandva yog of Vedic mathematics which also called as duplex property of a number. The duplex method of calculating the square of number gives the online solution which can be easily calculated mentally and the efforts were to prove the same with the electronic circuit. The implementation of the square algorithm using polynomial multiplication and Vedic mathematics based duplex property for square operation is carried out with VHDL coding on the Xilinx Vivado 2015 ISE tool and the FPGA used is Artix7 device: 7a35tcpg236-1. The results were compared with 4-bit as well as 8-bit operation using both algorithms for a square operation are it is observed that the speed of operation is improved by 20 % whereas the hardware resources utilized were reduced by 66 %.

Keywords:

Vedic mathematics,Urdhva-Tiryagbhyam sutra,Dwandva Yog,Duplex Property,

Refference:

I. Avinash Patil1,DrShailaja Patil2,Dr D S Bormane3,Sushma Wadar4 “Novel Technique of Finding Square of Number to Reduce the Resources Utilized on Reconfigurable Hardware Logic”, 7th -8th Sept 2018 at GRT institute of Technology, Chennai, IEEE conference
II. Avinash Patil1, DrShailaja Patil2,Y V Chavan2 , Sushma Wadar3 “Division operation based on Vedic Mathematics”, 2nd -3rd Dec 2016 at RSCOE JSPMS, IEEE conference
III. Avinash Patil1, Y V Chavan2 , Sushma Wadar3 “Performance analysis of Multiplication operation based on Vedic mathematics” 21st ,22nd Oct 2016, Allahabad, IEEE conference
IV. C. M. Kim, “Multiplier design based on ancient indianvedic mathematics,” IEEE, vol. 11, pp. 3686–3689, 2008.
V. HimanshuThapliyal, SaurabhKotiyal and M. B Srinivas, “Design and Analysis of A Novel Parallel Square and Cube Architecture Based On Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics”, Centre for VLSI and Embedded System Technologies, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, 500019, India, 2005 IEEE.
VI. Honey DurgaTiwari, GanzorigGankhuyag, Chan Mo Kim, Yong Beom Cho, “Multiplier design based on Ancient Vedic Mathematics”,978-1-4244-2599-0/08/$25.00 © 2008, IEEE.
VII. Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthji Maharaja,“Vedic Mathematics”, MotilalBanarsidas, Varanasi, India, 1986, Book.
VIII. M. Ramalatha, K. Deena Dayalan, P. Dharani, S. Deborah Priya, “High Speed Energy Efficient ALU Design using Vedic Multiplication Techniques”, 978-1-4244-3834-1/09, 2009 IEEE.
IX. PrabirSaha, Arindam Banerjee, Partha Bhattacharyya, AnupDandapat “”High Speed ASIC Design of Complex Multiplier Using Vedic Mathematics” Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE Students’ Technology Symposium 14-16 January, 2011, lITKharagpur
X. Stuart F. Obermann and Michael J. Flynn, Division algorithms and implementations,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, 46(8):833–854, August 1997.
XI. Sudhanshu Mishra, MaoranjanPradhan,” Synthesis Comparison of KaratsubaMultiplierusing Polynomial Multiplication, Vedic Multiplier and Classical Multiplier”. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 41– No.9, March 2012
XII. T. Prabakar, “Design and fpga implementation of binary squarer using vedic mathematics,” IEEE, 2013.

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Abstract:

In this paper, Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ thin films were deposited by using inkjet printing and Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ bulk pellets were synthesized through solid state method. Multiple print cycles were required to deposit homogeneous Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ thin films. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. The XRD results confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structure of Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ thin films and pellets. The electrical conductivity of Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄  (x=0.0) thin films sintered at 400 ºC (1.185x10^-3 S/cm) had the higher values. The electrical conductivity of Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ thin films was about 11% higher compared to Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ pellets. The electronic band structure shows Zn_xCu_1-xFe₂O₄ is an indirect band gap material. The Fermi level of Zn_xCu_1-xFe₂O₄ was shift downward to the valence conduction band. It indicated Zn_xCu_1-xFe₂O₄ is a p-type semiconductor. Seebeck coefficient of Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ thin films and pellets remained positive, confirming charge transport by hole carries. The presence of Zn served to decrease thermal conductivity of Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ by 8 W/mK as Zn content increased from 0 to 1. The similarity observed in the change of properties might indicate that similar mechanisms are dominant in both the Zn_xCu_(1-x)Fe₂O₄ bulk pellets and the thin films.

Keywords:

Inkjet printing,electronic band structure,thin films,thermoelectric,p-type semiconductor ,

Refference:

I. A. Manikandan, V.J. Judith, L.J. Kennedy, and M. Bououdina, “Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Zn1-xCuxFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by microwave combustion method,” Journal of Molecular Structure 1035, pp. 332–340, 2013.
II. B. Duong, S. Seraphin, P. Laokul, C. Masingboon, and S. Maensiri, “Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite prepared by aloe vera plant extract or egg white,” Microscopy and Microanalysis, 14, pp. 326–327, 2008.
III. I. D. Samadashvili, V. S. Varazashvili, T. E. Machaladze, and T. A. Pavlenishvili, “Thermodynamic functions of Cu1–xZnxFe2O4 ferrite solid solutions from 300 to 900 K,” Inorganic Materials 38, pp. 1186–1188, 2002.
IV. J. Darul, and W. Nowicki, “Preparation and neutron diffraction study of polycrystalline Cu–Zn–Fe materials,” Radiation Physics Chemistry. 78, pp. 109–111, 2009.
V. J. He, X.J. Tan, J.T. Xu, G.Q. Liu, H.Z. Shao, Y.J. Fu, et al. “Valence band engineering and thermoelectric performance optimization in SnTe by Mn alloying via a zone-melting method.” J Mater Chem A, 3:19974-9, 2015.
VI. K. Kato, H. Omoto, T. Tomioka, and A. Takamatsu, “Changes in electrical and structural properties of indium oxide thin films through post-deposition annealing,” Thin Solid Films, 520(1), pp. 110-116, 2011.
VII. M. Ajmal, and A. Maqsood, “Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Cu1-xZnxFe2O4,” Journal of Alloy Compound, 460, pp. 54–59, 2008.
VIII. M. U. Rana, M. U. Islam, and T. Abbas, “Cation distribution and magnetic interactions in Zn-substituted CuFe2O4 ferrites,” Material Chemistry Physic, 65, pp. 345–349, 2000.
IX. M.W. Gaultois, T.D. Sparks, C.K.H. Borg, R. Seshadri, W.D. Bonificio, D.R. Clarke, “Data-driven review of thermoelectric materials: performance and resource considerations.” Chem Mater, 25:2911-20 2013.
X. S. A. Mazen, and A.M. El Taher, “The conduction mechanism of Cu–Si ferrite.” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 498(1):19–25, 2010.
XI. S. Janpreet, S. Gurinder, K. Aman, S.K. Tripathi, “Effect of gradual ordering of Ge/Sb atoms on chemical bonding: A proposed mechanism for the formation of crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5.” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 260:124-131, 2018.
XII. S. Roncallo, J. D. Painter, S. A. Ritchie, M. A. Cousins, M. V. Finnis, and K. D. Rogers, “Evaluation of different deposition conditions on thin films deposited by electrostatic spray deposition using a uniformity test,” Thin Solid Films, 518(17), pp. 4821-4827, 2010.
XIII. W. Yang, S. M. Rossnagel, and J. Joo, “The effects of impurity and temperature for transparent conducting oxide properties of Al:ZnO deposited by dc magnetron sputtering.” Vacuum, 86(10), pp. 1452-1457, 2012.
XIV. X. Gonze, B. Amadon, P. M. Anglade, J. M. Beuken, F. Bottin, and P. Boulanger, “ABINIT: first-principles approach to material and nanosystem properties,” Computer Physical Communication 180, pp. 2583-2615, 2009.
XV. X. Wang, K. Guo, I. Veremchuk, U. Burkhardt, X. Feng, J. Grin, et al. “Thermoelectric properties of Eu- and Na-substituted SnTe.” J Rare Earths, 33:1175-81, 2015.
XVI. Z. Yue, J. Zhou, X. Wang, Z. Gui, and L. Li, “ Low-temperature sintered Mg–Zn–Cu ferrite prepared by auto-combustion of nitrate–citrate gel,” Journal Materials Science Letters, 20, pp. 1327–1329, 2001.
XVII. Z. Zhang, C. Bao, W. Yao, S. Ma, L. Zhang, and S. Hou, “Influence of deposition temperature on the crystallinity of Al-doped ZnO thin films at glass substrates prepared by RF magnetron sputtering method,” Superlattices and Microstructures, 49(6), pp. 644-653, 2011.

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Abstract:

The tourist information recommendation system is useful for both tourist’s them-selves and tourist operators. This recommendation system can support tourists to spend less time searching for tourist attraction information and also be a channel for public relation to create incentives for tourists to use the services. User profiles is an important part of recommendation system that is responsible for finding the users’ interest and is a good representative for each tourist. However, creating a user profile to suitable each user in the tourist information recommendation system is still considered as challenging due to insufficient data collection. In addition, the use of social networks at present is becoming increasingly popular and is a source of information that has many users which can be extracted to represent the interests of each user. Therefore, this research has studied the recommendations for creating a user profile for the tourism information recommendation system in Thailand by using ATRU model to create User Profiling.

Keywords:

User profiler,recommender system,travel,recommender system,,

Refference:

I. Bennettม J., C. Elkan, B. Liu, P. Smyth, and D. Tikk, “Kdd cup and workshop 2007”,ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 51–52, 2007
II. Billsus, D.and Pazzani,M. J., “User Modeling for Adaptive News Access. User Modeling and UserAdapted Interaction,” 10, pp. 147-180, 2000.
III. Buhalis, D., Law, R., “Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the internetthe state of etourism research,” Tourism Management 29(4), 609 – 623 (2008). DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517708000162
IV. Cantador, I. Bellogin, A. and Castells, P., “Ontology-Based Personalized and Context-Aware Recommendations of News Items,” In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Web Intelligence, pp. 562-565. IEEE. 2008
V. Gauch, S., Speretta, M., Chandramouli, A., and Micarelli, A., “User profiles for personalized information access,” The adaptive web, pp. 54-89. Springer,2007.
VI. J. S. Breese, D. Heckerman, and C. Kadie, “Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering”,The Fourteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., pp. 43–52,1998
VII. K. Goldberg, T. Roeder, D. Gupta, and C. Perkins, “Eigentaste: A constant time collaborative filtering algorithm,” information retrieval, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 133–151, 2001
VIII. Kbaier M. E. B. H., Masri, H. ; KrichenS. ,“A Personalized Hybrid Tourism Recommender System”, 2017 IEEE/ACS 14th International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA), 2017
IX. Kim, H. R. and Chan, P. K., “Learning implicit user interest hierarchy for context in personalization,” In Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces, pp. 101–108. ACM, 2003.
X. Liu, J. Dolan, P. and Pedersen, E. R., “Personalized news recommendation based on click behavior,” In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on intelligent user interfaces, pp. 31–40. ACM, 2010.
XI. Moreno, A., Sebastia´, L., Vansteenwegen, P., “Tours’15: Workshop on tourism recommender systems,” the 9th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys’15, pp. 355–356. ACM, New York, NY, USA ,2015
XII. Moreno, A., Sebastia´, L., Vansteenwegen, P.: Tours’15: Workshop on tourism recommender systems. In: Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems, RecSys’15, pp. 355–356. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2015). DOI 10.1145/2792838. 2798713. URL http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2792838.2798713.
XIII. Ricci, F., “Travel recommender systems, “ IEEE Intelligent Systems”, 17(6), 55–57, 2002
XIV. Ricci, F., Werthner, H., “Case base querying for travel planning recommendation,” Information Technology & Tourism 4(3-4), 215–226 ,2001
XV. Singh, S., Shepherd, M., Duffy, J. and Watters, C., “An Adaptive User Profile for Filtering News Based on a User Interest Hierarchy,” In Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Volume 43, Issue 1, pp. 1-21, 2006.

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Abstract:

This study was conducted to study the effect of urbanization on Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena in Kota Bahru, Kelantan. The purpose of this study is to identify the phenomena UHI found in Kota Bharu as a result of urbanization. The study focused on two primary data primary data through field studies and secondary data of Kota Bharu Islamic City Council (MPKB-BRI). Method crosses the field temperature was carried out using motor vehicles involving fourteen Kota Bahru stations, which includes the downtown area to the suburbs to measure temperature, humidity and wind speed for five days from 27 March 2018 until 31 March 2018. The data collected are twice a day in the evening and evening between 14:00 and 16:00 and between 20:00 and 22:00. The data were analyzed using statistical software for the social sciences (SPSS), Microsoft Excel Window and geographic information systems (GIS) software. The study found that concentrated UHI phenomenon in the downtown area that includes the KB Mall and Gas Station Shell suburb of the Sultan Ismail Petra Airport report, Chengal Village, Village Corps and Zainudin furniture. The difference in Intensity Urban Heat Island (IUHI) value is also shown in the study that recorded IUHI at Kota Bharu is 2.39°C during the day, compared the value IUHI is 1.57°C at night. Overall, urbanization activity in Kota Bharu has led to the phenomenon of UHI in this area. Therefore, effective measures must be applied to reduce these phenomena and ensure the comfort of life without affecting the environment

Keywords:

Urbanization,Urban Heat Island (UHI),downtown,suburbs,

Refference:

I. Ahmad, Mahzan Ayob. (2005). Kaedah PenyelidikanSosioekonomi. EdisiKetiga. Dewan Bahasadan Pustaka. Kuala Lumpur.
II. Amy Emyra Ramli, Mohmadisa Hashim, Nasir Nayan& Mohammad Suhaily Yusri Che Ngah. (2012). Perbez aansuhuka was anbandardanluarbandar di telukintan, perak. DlmMohmadisaHashim, Mohammad SuhailyYusriCheNgah&NasirNayan (pnyt). Perubahan Persekitaran: Pelbagai Perspektif Dan Masalahnya. Hlm 23-35. University pendidikan sultan idris. Tanjongmalim.
III. Balogun, A. L. Bolagun, A. A., &Adeyea, D. Z., (2012). Observed heat island characteristic in akure, Nigeria. African journal of environment science and technology vol. 6(1). Hlm 1-8.
IV. Beltrami, H., &Kellman, L. (2003). An Examination of Short‐ and Long‐Term Air‐Ground Temperature Coupling. Global Planet Change, 98, 167–184.
V. Chow TseonLoong& Winston. (2004). The Temporal Dynamics of the Urban Heat Island of Singapore. Singapura. University KebangsaanSingapura. Thesis tidakditerbitkan.
VI. Hulme, M. (2004). A change in the weather? Coming to learnt with climate changes. Dlm Harris, F. (2004). Global environmental. Wiley. England. Majlis Perandaran Kota bharu Bandar Raya Isam (MPKB-BRI). (2008). DrafRancangan Tempatan Jajahan Kota Bharu 2020. Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
VII. Mohd Hairy Ibrahim, Muhammad RidhwanZulkifli, MohamadIhsanMohamad Ismail, NorKalsumMohd Isa &Mazlini Adnan. (2016). KesanPembandaranTerhadapTaburansuhu di Malaysia: kajiankes di rawang, Selangor. Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, UniversityPendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 TanjongMalim,Perak, Malaysia. GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 12 issue 5 (83 – 93) 2016, ISSN 2180 2491.
VIII. Morris, C., Simmonds, l, Plummer, N., (2001). Quantifcation of The Influences Of Wind And Cloud On The Nocturnal Urban Heat Island Of The Large City. J. Appl. Meteorol. 40 (2), 169-182.
IX. Mukhopadhyay, R., Karisiddaiah, S, M., &Mukhopadhyay, J. (2018). Climate Change: Alternate Governance Policy for South Asia. United States: Elsevier.
X. Nicholls, R. J., P. P. Wong, V. R. Burkett, J. O. Codignotto, J. E. Hay, R. F. McLean, S. Ragoonaden and C. D. Woodroffe, 2007: Coastal systems and low-lying areas. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutik of, P. J. van der Linden and C. E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 315-356.
XI. Oke, T. R. (1987). Urban Heat Storage Derive as Energy Balance residuals. Boundary layer Meteorology. Vol. 39: 233-245.
XII. Owen, A. L., Conover, E., Viederas, J., & Wu, S. (2012). Heat Waves, Droughts, and Preferences for Environmental Policy. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 31(3), 556-577.
XIII. Rosmini Maru & Shaharuddin Ahmad. (2011). Perkemangan Pulau Haba Bandar Di Bandaraya Jakarta, Indonesia. Kertas Kerja Yang Dibentangkan Di Peridangan KebangsaanGeografi Dan Alam Sekitar Kali Ke-3. Tanjung Malim: UniversityPendidikan Sultan Idris. (10)February 2011).
XIV. Roth, M., and Chow, W.T.L., (2012). A Historical Review and Assessment of Urban Heat Island Research in Singapore. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 33, 381-397.
XV. Shaharuddin, A., Noorazuan, M. H., Noraziah Ali, and Takeuchi, W. (2013). Seasonal Urban Heat Islands and Human Comfortability in Humid Tropical Areas. Geografi, 1(1), 132-145.
XVI. Sham Sani. (1995). IklimMikro: Proses danAplikasi. Bab 6. DewanBahasadanPustaka. Kuala Lumpur.
XVII. ShimaTaslim, Parapari, D. M., and Shafaghat, A. (2015). Urban Design Guidelines to Mitigate Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effects In Hot-Dry Cities. Technology Journal, 74(4), 119-124.
XVIII. Streulker, D. R. (2003). A Study of the Urban Heat Island of Houston, Texus. Ph.D Thesis. Rice University.
XIX. Yow, D. M. (2007). Urban Heat Islands: Observations, Impacts, and Adaptation. Geography Compass, 1(6). 1227-1251.

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Abstract:

This article is investigated the data on heat and mass transfer using Soret and Dufour act as independent variables. From the investigation, it is revealed that the heat transfer rate increases when slip parameter and Soret number increase, while Dufour number decreases through solving ordinary differential equation(ODE). Statistical correlation coefficient  were used to see the relationship effect of Soretnumber and Dufour number on the heat and mass transfer. The correlation coefficient's results of the parameters and to the local Nusselt/Sherwood number are found to be statistically significant.

Keywords:

Statistical Thermodynamics,Nanofluid,stretching/shrinking sheet,Soret/Dufour effects,Brownian motion,thermophoresis,

Refference:

I. A.A. Minea, “A Review on Electrical Conductivity of Nanoparticle-Enhanced Fluids”, Nanomaterials, 9, 1592, 2019
II. A. Ali, F. Iqbal, K. Marwat, S.D.N. Asghar, M. Awais, “Soret and Dufour effects between two rectangular plane walls with heat source/sink”, Heat Transfer—Asian Res, 49: 614– 625, 2020
III. A. Jamaludin, K. Naganthran, R. Nazar, I. Pop, “Thermal Radiation and MHD Effects in the Mixed Convection Flow of Fe3O4–Water Ferrofluid towards a Nonlinearly Moving Surface”, Processes, 8(1):95, 2020
IV. A. Jedi, N. Razali, W.M.F.W Mahmood, N.A.A, Bakar, “Statistical Criteria of Nanofluid Flows over a Stretching Sheet with the Effects of Magnetic Field and Viscous Dissipation”, Symmetry, 11, 1367, 2019
V. Hashim, A. Hamid, M. Khan, “Heat and mass transport phenomena of nanoparticles on time-dependent flow of Williamson fluid towards heated surface”, Neural Comput & Applic,” 2019
VI. I. Waini, A. Ishak, I. Pop, “MHD flow and heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking wedge”, I. Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed. (2020)
VII. K. Zaimi, A. Ishak, I. Pop, “Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a nonlinearly permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a nanofluid”, Scientific Reports 4, 4404, 1-8, 2014
VIII. M. G. Sobamowo, “Combined Effects of Thermal Radiation and Nanoparticles on Free Convection Flow and Heat Transfer of Casson Fluid over a Vertical Plate”, International Journal of Chemical Engineering, Article ID 7305973, 2018
IX. Mahabaleshwar, Nagaraju, Kumar, Nadagouda, Bennacer, Sheremet, “Effects of Dufour and Soret mechanisms on MHD mixed convective-radiative non Newtonian liquid flow and heat transfer over a porous sheet”, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 16, 2020
X. Mahabaleshwar, Nagaraju, Vinaykumar, Nadagoud, Bennacer, Baleanu, “An MHD viscous liquid stagnation point flow and heat transfer with thermal radiation and transpiration”, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Volume 16, 100379, 2020
XI. N.A.M Noor, S. Shafie, M.A. Admon, “Unsteady MHD Flow of Cassonnano Fluid with Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation and Heat Generation/Absorption”, MATEMATIKA: MJIAM, Special Issue, 33–52, 2019
XII. N.H.A. Rahman , N. Bachok , H. Rosali, “MHD Stagnation-point Flow over a Stretching/ Shrinking Sheet in Nanofluids”, Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 7.4, 183 – 191, 2019
XIII. S. Abdal, B. Ali, S. Younas, L. Ali, A. Mariam, “Thermo-Diffusion and Multislip Effects on MHD Mixed Convection Unsteady Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over a Shrinking/Stretching Sheet with Radiation in the Presence of Heat Source”, Symmetry, 12(1):49, 2020
XIV. S. Devi, S. Mekala, “Role of Brownian Motion and Thermophoresis Effects on Hydromagnetic Flow of Nanofluid Over a Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet with Slip Effects and Solar Radiation”, International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 24(3), 489-508, 2019.
XV. S. Tsang, C. Sun, “Utilizing the inverse Marangoni convection to facilitate extremely-low-flow-rate intermittent spray cooling for large-area systems”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 166,114725, 2020
XVI. S.U.S. Choi, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles”, Proceeding of the 1995 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME, FED 231/MD, New York 231(66), 99-105, 1995
XVII. Sabir, R. Akhtar, Zhu Zhiyu, et al., “A Computational Analysis of Two-Phase CassonNanofluid Passing a Stretching Sheet Using Chemical Reactions and Gyrotactic Microorganisms”, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Article ID 1490571, 2019
XVIII. X. He, K. Zhang, C. Cai, “Stability Analysis on Nonequilibrium Supersonic Boundary Layer Flow with Velocity-Slip Boundary Conditions”, Fluids 4, 142, 2019

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Abstract:

The article analyzes the operation of wood in the elements of real structures by the methods of the theory of elasticity and the methods of fracture mechanics; six types (systems) of crack development in the elements of wooden structures are considered, the anisotropy of wood is also taken into the account; The parameters of fracture mechanics for wooden beams with cuts were experimentally determined; values of stress intensity factors for pine wood were determined, graphical dependencies between stress intensity factors and notch depth for different crack opening models were also constructed, calculation results were compared using materials resistance methods (elasticity theory), fracture mechanics methods and experimental results; the conclusion is drawn about the applicability of linear fracture mechanics for predicting the strength of wooden structures.

Keywords:

Fracture mechanics,stress intensity factor,crack resistance,wooden structures,,

Refference:

I. Bondarenko V.M., Bondarenko S.V. Engineering methods of the nonlinear theory of reinforced concrete. Moscow, stroiizdat, 1982, 288 p.
II. Danielsson H, Gustafsson PJ (2013) A three dimensional plasticity model for perpendicular to grain cohesive fracture in wood. EngFractMech 98. pp. 137–152.
III. Danielsson H., Gustafsson P.J., A probabilistic fracture mechanics method and strength (2011). pp. 407-419.
IV. Danielsson, H., Gustafsson, P. Fracture analysis of perpendicular to grain loaded dowel-type connections using a 3D cohesive zone model. Wood Material Science and Engineering Volume 11, Part 5, 2016, pp. 261-273.
V. G. Valentin, L. Boström, P.J. Gustafsson, A. Ranta-Mannus and S. Gowda, Application of Fracture Mechanics to Timber Structures: RILEM state-of-the-art report. VTT, ESPOO (1991).
VI. Gappoev M.M. Evaluation of the bearing capacity of wooden structures by the methods of fracture mechanics. Dis … Dr. Tech. Science. – Moscow, 1996. 256p.
VII. Gustafsson, P.J., Danielsson, H. Perpendicular to grain stiffness of timber cross sections as affected by growth ring pattern, size and shape. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. Volume 71, Issue 1, January 2013. pp. 111–119.
VIII. Hlaskova L, Orlowski KA, Kopecky´ Z, Jedinák M. Sawing processes as a way of determining fracture toughness and shear yield stresses of wood. BioRes 2015;10(3):5381–94.
IX. Jockwer R, Steiger R, Frangi A. State-of-the-art review on approaches for the design of timber beams with notches. J StructEng 2013; 140(3): 04013068-1–04013068-13.
X. Jockwer, R., Serrano, E., Gustafsson, P.-J., Steiger, R. Impact of knots on the fracture propagating along grain in timber beams. International Wood Products Journal 8 (1), 2017, pp. 39-44.
XI. Karpenko N.I. General models of reinforced concrete mechanics. M., stroiizdat, 1996, 416 p
XII. L. Boström, Method for Determination of the Softening Behavior of wood and the Applicability of a Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics Model, Doctoral thesis, Report TVBM-1012, Lund, Sweden, 1992.
XIII. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Crocetti, R. Use of a resilient bond line to increase strength of long adhesive lap joints. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2018, pp. 401-411.
XIV. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Serrano, E., Crocetti, R. Bond line models of glued wood-to-steel plate joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 121. 2016, pp. 160-169.
XV. M. F. S. F. de Moura, M. A. L. Silva, J. J. L. Morais, N. Dourado. Mode II fracture characterization of wood using the Four-Point End-Notched Flexure (4ENF) test.Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Volume 98, December 2018, Pages 23-29
XVI. Masalov A. Fracture resistance of bent glued wooden elements: Author’s abstract. dis … cand. tech. Sciences: 05.23.01 / Ing.-builds. in-t. – Voronezh, 1992. – 21 p.
XVII. NaychukA.Ya. Strength of elements of wooden structures in conditions of a complex inhomogeneous stress state. Moscow, 2006, p.
XVIII. Okolnikova G.E. Analysis of the work of nagelnyh joints of wooden structures from the standpoint of fracture mechanics // Makeyevka: “Bulletin of DonNACEA”. 2011- 4 (90). – pp. 40-46.
XIX. Okolnikova G.E. Calculation of nagel compounds modified with pressed fiberglass bushings. – Moscow: MGOU, “Bulletin of MGOU”, No. 1 (3), 2009, pp. 28 – 33.
XX. Okolnikova G.E. Investigation of the relationship between the fracture toughness of wood and the calculated resistance of wood to stretching along the fibers. Bulletin of MGOU. – Moscow: MGOU, No. 2, 2010, p. 23-26.
XXI. Orlovich R.B. Long-lasting strength and deformability of structures from modern wood materials under the main operational influences: Abstract. dis. … Dr. techn. sciences. (05.23.01) / Leningr. Ing.-p., In-t. – L., 1991. – 51 p.
XXII. Pop O., Dubois F. Determination of timber material fracture parameters using mark tracking method. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 102, Part 2, 15 January 2016, pp. 977-984.
XXIII. R. Crocetti, P. J. Gustafsson, U. A. Girhammar, L. Costa, A. Asimakidis. Nailed Steel Plate Connections: Strength and Ductile Failure Modes. Structures, Volume 8, Part 1, November 2016, Pages 44-52.
XXIV. Ranta-Maunus, A. Fonselius, M., Kurkela, J., Toratti, T. Reliability analysis of timber structures. VTT Tiedotteita – ValtionTeknillinen Tutkimuskeskus.2001. pp
XXV. Shilang X.U., H.W. Reinhardt, M. Gappoev. Mode II fracture testing method for highly orthotropic materials like wood. International Journal of Fracture 75. September 1996, Volume 75, Issue 3, pp. 185–214.
XXVI. Sterley, M., Gustafsson, P.J. Shear fracture characterization of green-glued polyurethane wood adhesive bonds at various moisture and gluing conditions. Wood Material Science and Engineering. Volume 46, Issue 3, 2012. pp. 421-434.
XXVII. Tuturin SV, Shemyakin EI, Korotkina M.R. Destruction of wood during compression. // Bulletin of the Moscow State Forest University. – Мoscow: 2005.-№3 (39). – From 56-71.
XXVIII. ZaitsevYu.V., Okolnikova G.E., Dorkin V.V. Fracture mechanics for builders: textbook.-2 nd ed., Rev. and additional. Moscow: INFRA-M, 2016. -216p.

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Abstract:

This study is devoted to one of the most common types of wooden structural elements joints - nailed connections. The article presents the results of experimental studies of two types nailed connections on metal plates: traditional connections without bushings and connections, reinforced (modified) with pressed-in fiberglass bushings. The methods of mathematical planning of the experiment were used during the test. That allowed to significantly reduce the number of tested samples of connections and to obtain mathematical dependences in the form of response functions for such characteristics as breaking load N_t and load N_I-II, corresponding to the upper boundary of the elastic behavior area of the compound from three factors: the angle between the direction of the acting force and the direction of the wood fibers, the dowel diameter and the wall thickness of the fiberglass bushing. The obtained dependences allow us to evaluate the values of the loads N_t and N_I-II for the nailed connections with bushings without testing.According to the experiment planning matrix, 15 types (series) of connections with pressed-in fiberglass bushings and 9 types (series) of traditional nailed connections without bushings were tested.According to the test results, the authors made a comparison of the load bearing capacity and deformability of two types of nailed connections, with bushings and without bushings; the nature of the damage has been established; the analysis of stress-strain state of the middle wooden element in the area of mortise strengthened with pressed-in fiberglass bushing is performed; the conclusion about prospects of application of a pressed-in fiberglass bushings to enhance mortises of new structures  and when reconstructing wooden structures in operation.

Keywords:

Nailed connection,wood,load bearing capacity,deformability,experiment planning,fiberglass bushing,

Refference:

I. A. Hassanieh, H. R. Valipour, M. A. Bradford. Experimental and analytical behaviour of steel-timber composite connections. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 118, 15 August 2016, Pages 63-75
II. Danielsson, H., Gustafsson, P. Fracture analysis of perpendicular to grain loaded dowel-type connections using a 3D cohesive zone model. Wood Material Science and Engineering Volume 11, Part 5, 2016, pp. 261-273.
III. E-M.MeghlataM.OudjenebH.Ait-AideraJ-L.Batozc. A new approach to model nailed and screwed timber joints using the finite element method. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 41, April 2013, Pages 263-269
IV. Gianni Schiro, Ivan Giongo, Wendel Sebastian, Daniele Riccadonna, Maurizio Piazza. Testing of timber-to-timber screw-connections in hybrid configurations. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 171, 20 May 2018, Pages 170-186.
V. Hans Joachim Blaß, Patrick Schädle. Ductility aspects of reinforced and non-reinforced timber joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 33, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 3018-3026.
VI. Jockwer, R., Serrano, E., Gustafsson, P.-J., Steiger, R. Impact of knots on the fracture propagating along grain in timber beams. International Wood Products Journal 8 (1), 2017, pp. 39-44.
VII. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Crocetti, R. Use of a resilient bond line to increase strength of long adhesive lap joints. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2018, pp. 401-411.
VIII. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Serrano, E., Crocetti, R. Bond line models of glued wood-to-steel plate joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 121, 2016, pp. 160-169.
IX. MatteoBarbari, Alberto Cavalli, Lorenzo Fiorineschi, Massimo Monti, Marco Togni. Innovative connection in wooden trusses.Construction and Building Materials, Volume 66, 15 September 2014, Pages 654-663
X. NatalinoGattesco, Ingrid Boem. Stress distribution among sheathing-to-frame nails of timber shear walls related to different base connections: Experimental tests and numerical modelling. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 122, 30 September 2016, Pages 149-162
XI. Okolnikova G.E. Analysis of the work of nagelnyh joints of wooden structures from the standpoint of fracture mechanics // Makeyevka: “Bulletin of DonNACEA”. 2011- 4 (90). – pp. 40-46.
XII. Okolnikova G.E. Calculation of nagel compounds modified with pressed fiberglass bushings. – Moscow: MGOU, “Bulletin of MGOU”, No. 1 (3), 2009, pp. 28 – 33.
XIII. Okolnikova G.E. Investigation of the relationship between the fracture toughness of wood and the calculated resistance of wood to stretching along the fibers. Bulletin of MGOU. – Moscow: MGOU, No. 2, 2010, p. 23-26.
XIV. PrimožJelušič, StojanKravanja. Flexural analysis of laminated solid wood beams with different shear connections. Construction and Building Materials Volume 174, 20 June 2018, Pages 456-465.
XV. R. Wang, S.Q. Wei, Z. Li, Y. Xiao. Performance of connection system used in lightweight glubam shear wall. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 206, 2019, Pages 419-431.
XVI. Recommendations for the testing of joints of timber structures / TSNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko. – Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1980. – 40p.
XVII. SP 64.13330.2011. Timber structures. Updated version of SNiP II-25-80 (with Amendment No. 1). Moscow: Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, 2011. – 92p.
XVIII. Themelina Paraskeva, Nischal P. N. Pradhan, Charikleia D. Stoura, Elias G. Dimitrakopoulos. Monotonic loading testing and characterization of new multi-full-culm bamboo to steel connections. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 201, 20 March 2019, Pages 473-483
XIX. Ulf Arne Girhammara, Nicolas Jacquierb, Bo Källsnerc. Stiffness model for inclined screws in shear-tension mode in timber-to-timber joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 136, 1 April 2017, Pages 580-595.
XX. Ursula Mahlknechta, Reinhard Brandnerb. Block shear failure mechanism of axially-loaded groups of screws. Engineering Structures, Volume 183, 15 March 2019, Pages 220-242.

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Abstract:

The article presents the results of experimental studies of two types of nailed connections on metal plates: compounds without sleeves and joints modified with pressed fiberglass sleeves; Recommendations for the calculation of nailed connections with sleeves have been developed. The tests used mathematical planning methods of the experiment, which allowed to significantly reduce the number of test samples of compounds and to obtain a mathematical relationship as a response function for the condition load effect factor  , taking into account the increase in the bearing capacity of the nailed connection due to the presence of a pressed fiberglass sleeve, from three factors: the angle between the direction of the current force and the direction of the wood fibers, the diameter of the dowel and the wall thickness of the glass-plastic howl sleeves. The dependence obtained allows us to determine the coefficient values  ​​for the nailed connections with bushings, without testing. In accordance with the plan of the experiment, 15 series of compounds were tested with pressed-in fiberglass bushes and 9 series of traditional nailed connections without bushings. According to the test results, the authors determined the destructive loads for two types of connections  соединенияand ; loads and   corresponding to the upper boundary of the elastic behavior of the connection; determined the coefficient of condition load effect factor   experimentally and obtained a mathematical relationship to determine the coefficient of condition load effect factor ; The bearing capacity of the nailed connections with pressed-in fiberglass bushes has been evaluated; A comparison of the deformability of the two types of joints was made, a method was proposed for finding the calculated bearing capacity of nailed connections with sleeves, recommendations were developed for making calculations for nailed connections on metal plates with fiberglass sleeves pressed into the drift sockets

Keywords:

Timber,nailed connection,load bearing capacity,deformation property,condition load effect factor,

Refference:

I. A. Hassanieh, H. R. Valipour, M. A. Bradford. Experimental and analytical behaviour of steel-timber composite connections. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 118, 15 August 2016, Pages 63-75
II. Carmen Sandhaas, Rainer Görlacher. Analysis of nail properties for joint design. Engineering Structures, Volume 173, 15 October 2018, Pages 231-240
III. Danielsson, H., Gustafsson, P. Fracture analysis of perpendicular to grain loaded dowel-type connections using a 3D cohesive zone model. Wood Material Science and Engineering Volume 11, Part 5, 2016, pp. 261-273.

IV. E-M. Meghlata M. OudjenebH. Ait-AideraJ-L. Batozc. A new approach to model nailed and screwed timber joints using the finite element method. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 41, April 2013, Pages 263-269
V. Fabien Goldspiegel, Katia Mocellin, Philippe Michel. Numerical modelling of high-speed nailing process to join dissimilar materials: Metal sheet formulation to simulate nail insertion stage. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 267, May 2019, Pages 414-433.
VI. Gianni Schiro, Ivan Giongo, Wendel Sebastian, Daniele Riccadonna, Maurizio Piazza. Testing of timber-to-timber screw-connections in hybrid configurations. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 171, 20 May 2018, Pages 170-186.
VII. Hans Joachim Blaß, Patrick Schädle. Ductility aspects of reinforced and non-reinforced timber joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 33, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 3018-3026.
VIII. Jockwer, R., Serrano, E., Gustafsson, P.-J., Steiger, R. Impact of knots on the fracture propagating along grain in timber beams. International Wood Products Journal 8 (1), 2017, pp. 39-44.
IX. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Crocetti, R. Use of a resilient bond line to increase strength of long adhesive lap joints. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2018, pp. 401-411.
X. Larsson, G., Gustafsson, P.J., Serrano, E., Crocetti, R. Bond line models of glued wood-to-steel plate joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 121. 2016, pp. 160-169.
XI. MatteoBarbari, Alberto Cavalli, Lorenzo Fiorineschi, Massimo Monti, Marco Togni. Innovative connection in wooden trusses.Construction and Building Materials, Volume 66, 15 September 2014, Pages 654-663
XII. NatalinoGattesco, Ingrid Boem. Stress distribution among sheathing-to-frame nails of timber shear walls related to different base connections: Experimental tests and numerical modelling. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 122, 30 September 2016, Pages 149-162
XIII. Okolnikova G.E. Analysis of the work of nagelnyh joints of wooden structures from the standpoint of fracture mechanics // Makeyevka: “Bulletin of DonNACEA”. 2011- 4 (90). – pp. 40-46.
XIV. Okolnikova G.E. Calculation of nagel compounds modified with pressed fiberglass bushings. – Moscow: MGOU, “Bulletin of MGOU”, No. 1 (3), 2009, pp. 28 – 33.
XV. Okolnikova G.E. Investigation of the relationship between the fracture toughness of wood and the calculated resistance of wood to stretching along the fibers. Bulletin of MGOU. – Moscow: MGOU, No. 2, 2010, p. 23-26.

XVI. Primož Jelušič, Stojan Kravanja. Flexural analysis of laminated solid wood beams with different shear connections. Construction and Building MaterialsVolume 174, 20 June 2018, Pages 456-465.
R. Crocetti, P. J. Gustafsson, U. A. Girhammar, L. Costa, A. Asimakidis. Nailed Steel Plate Connections: Strength and Ductile Failure Modes Structures, Volume 8, Part 1, November 2016, Pages 44-52.
XVII. R. Wang, S.Q. Wei, Z. Li, Y. Xiao. Performance of connection system used in lightweight glubam shear wall. Construction and Building Materials,Volume 206, 2019, Pages 419-431.
XVIII. Recommendations for the testing of joints of timber structures / TSNIISK them. V.A. Kucherenko. – Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1980. – 40p.
XIX. SP 64.13330.2011. Timber structures. Updated version of SNiP II-25-80 (with Amendment No. 1). Moscow: Ministry of Regional Development of Russia, 2011. – 92p.
XX. Themelina Paraskeva, Nischal P. N. Pradhan, Charikleia D. Stoura, Elias G. Dimitrakopoulos. Monotonic loading testing and characterization of new multi-full-culm bamboo to steel connections. Construction and Building Materials, Volume 201, 20 March 2019, Pages 473-483
XXI. Ulf Arne Girhammara, Nicolas Jacquierb, Bo Källsnerc. Stiffness model for inclined screws in shear-tension mode in timber-to-timber joints. Engineering Structures, Volume 136, 1 April 2017, Pages 580-595.
XXII. Ursula Mahlknechta, Reinhard Brandnerb. Block shear failure mechanism of axially-loaded groups of screws. Engineering Structures, Volume 183, 15 March 2019, Pages 220-242.
XXIII. Xin Ren, Jianhu Shen, Phuong Tran, Tuan Duc Ngo, Yi Min Xie. Auxetic nail: Design and experimental study.Composite Structures, Volume 184, 15 January 2018, Pages 288-298

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Abstract:

The virtual tour is a simulation of a reallocation made with media like panoramas, image, text and etc. Virtual tours allow users to experience and see the location without visiting there. For example, instead of physically visiting to a country, user can sit back and virtually explore the country using their electronic devices. Many students not able to visit The National University of Malaysia campus before register themselves due to distance, time and maybe financing problem. There are many universities offer campus virtual tour visits to the students; University of Maryland, Taylor’s University and etc. The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi campus has a huge infrastructure, it is hard for people unfamiliar with the campus to find their way around and they can get lost in the campus. An assistance from a simple tool can help visitors to navigate from one point to another. In this paper, a mobile application – UKM Explorer which used virtual reality technology to provide users with a simple platform for navigating locations prior to or subsequent to entering UKM using GPS technology is proposed. Beside provides a virtual tour of UKM campus through the panorama images of the point of interests. This application also offers the ability to search and pinpoint the exact locations of the point of interest such as the faculties, student accommodations, management buildings and other facilities in the campus.

Keywords:

Campus Tour,Mobile Application,Panoramas,Virtual Reality,,

Refference:

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III. Google, Google APIs for Android, Google Dev. (2017). https://developers.google.com/android/guides/releases (accessed August 1, 2017).
IV. Google, Maps SDK for Android, Google Dev. (n.d.) 2017. https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/android-sdk/utility/setup (accessed August 21, 2017).
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VI. Google, YouTube Android Player API, Google Dev. (2017). https://developers.google.com/youtube/android/player/setup (accessed July 7, 2017).
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IX. Y.S. Chen, J.E. Wong, A.F. Ayob, N.E. Othman, B.K. Poh, Can Malaysian young adults report dietary intake using a food diary mobile application? A pilot study on acceptability and compliance, Nutrients. (2017). doi:10.3390/nu9010062.

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Abstract:

Computational and Numerical Analysis is one of the core topics for Computational Mathematics in Engineering Mathematics. Students required to learn different methods of analysis as well as MATLAB programming to solve a given problem. The objective of this paper is to analyze the final exam questions of Computational and Numerical Analysis subject. There are four course outcomes for the Computational and Numerical Analysis subject. Five questions were set for final and each question carries 20 marks. The Bloom Taxonomy for the questions are from comprehension, application, analysis and synthesis level. A total of 115 students from Chemical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering departments took the final examination. To analyze this subject, the results of the final examination of students from Chemical and Mechanical Engineering departments are tabulated in EXCEL and transformed into WINSTEPS. The Computational and Numerical Analysis questions can be categorized into four groups. They are difficult, mediocre, easy and very easy. The ability of the Chemical and Mechanical Engineering students cannot be divided into any group. A misfit item is identified from Point-Measure Correlation, Outfit MNSQ and Outfit z-Standard. Since one item is out of the three measures, therefore there is one misfit question for the Computational and Numerical Analysis final examination. The person-item distribution map showed the questions which belong to difficult, mediocre, easy and very easy group. Generally Course Outcome 1 was difficult for the students. This question is from the analysis level from Bloom Taxonomy. Course Outcome 2 was average and Course Outcome 3 was easy for this batch of students. The Rasch model able to classify the difficulty level of questions versus the Course Outcomes of Computational and Numerical Analysis subject.

Keywords:

Analysis,Computational and Numerical Analysis,Difficult topics,Final Exam,Rasch model,

Refference:

I. A. A. Aziz, M. Azlinah, H. A. Hamzah, A. G. Hamzah, Z. Sohaimi, M. Saifudin, “Application of Rasch model in validating the construct measurement instrument”, International Journal of Education and Information Technologies, 2, pp. 105-112.
II. F. M. Ibrahim, A. A. Azrilah, Y. Z. Zubairi, Z. Azami, “Using the Rasch model to assess examination beyond students’ scores”, Global Engineering Education Conference, 2012.
III. J. M. Linacre, WINSTEPS, Computer Program, Chicago, IL: http://www.winstep.com, 2008.
IV. K. Nuraini, A. A. Azrilah, Z. Azami, S. H. M. Yasin, “Development of objective standard setting using Rasch measurement model in Malaysian Institution of Higher Learning”, International Education Studies, 6(6), pp. 151-160, 2013.
V. L. N. I. Nik, U. nangkula, “Rasch modeling to test students’ ability and questions reliability in Architecture Environmental science examination”, Journal of Applied Research, 8(3), pp. 1797-1801, 2012.
VI. M. N. Zulkifli, I. NurArzilah, O. Haliza, I. Asshaari, N. Razali, M. H. Osman, M. H. Jamaluddin, “Identification on students’ achievement and academic profile in Linear Algebra course: An analysis using the Rasch model”, 3rd International Congress on Engineering Education, pp. 197-202, 2011.
VII. S. A. Osman, S. I. Naam, M. Z. Omar, N. Jamaluddin, N. T. Kofli, A. Ayob and S. Johar, “Assessing student perception on the industrial training program through Rasch analysis”, Seminar PendidikanKejuruteraandanAlamBina, 2012.
VIII. S. A. Osman, W. H. W. Badaruzzaman, R. Hamid, K. Taib, A. R. Khalim, N. Hamzah, O. Jaafar, “Assessment on students’ performance using Rasch model in Reinforced Concrete Design course examination”, recent Researchers in Education, pp. 193-198, 2011.
IX. S. Bansilal, “A Rasch analysis of a Grade 12 test written by Mathematics teachers”, South African Journal of Science, 11(5/6), pp. 1-9, 2015.
X. T. G. Bond, C. M. Fox, “Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human science”, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007.

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Abstract:

Over the past few decades, massive quantities of solid wastes are being produced from the red pitaya fruits by the food and beverage industries and their disposal leads to severe environmental issues. Despite being waste materials, the red pitaya’s by-products such as peels, seeds, and pulps are rich in beneficial active ingredients with diverse functionalities. Besides, the sophisticated technological advancements available today contribute greatly to the development of a variety of processes to convert these waste materials into high-value bio-products of excellent qualities. This review will be focusing on the potentialities and the current use of extracts and chemical constituents of the red pitaya and its by-products in the cosmetic field as antioxidants, natural coloring, moisturizing, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory agents. These types of plant-derived actives are efficacious, economical and bio-sustainable, and therefore are theoretically suitable to substitute artificial and synthetic active ingredients, more customarily incorporated in cosmetic formulations.

Keywords:

Red pitaya,By-product,Skin care,Cosmetic,Natural,

Refference:

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III. A. C. Laga, G. F. Murphy, “The translational basis of human cutaneous photoaging: On models, methods, and meaning”, American Journal of Pathology, Volume: 174, Issue: 2, Pages: 357-360, 2009
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V. A. Wojdylo, J. Osmianski, R. Czemerys, “Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs”, Food Chemistry, Volume: 105, Issue: 3, 940-949, 2007
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VII. C. M. Park, Y. S. Song, “Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through modulation of NF-kB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt signaling cascade in raw 264.7 cells”, Nutrition Research and Practice Journal, Volume: 7, Issue: 6, Pages: 423-429, 2013
VIII. D. Darr, S. Combs, S. Dunston, “Topical vitamin C protects porcine skin from ultraviolet radiation-induced damage”, British Journal of Dermatology, Volume: 127, Issue: 3, Pages: 247–253, 1992
IX. D. Phebe, M. K. Chew, A. A. Suraini, O. M. Lai, O. A. Janna O.A, “Red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) fruit colour and betacyanin content depend on maturity”, International Food Research Journal, Volume: 16, Issue: 2, Pages: 233-242, 2009
X. D. Tan, Y. Wang, B. Bai, X. Yang, J. Han, “Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume: 78, Pages: 141-146, 2015
XI. E. Zhou, Y. Fu, Z. Wei, Z. Yang, “Inhibition of allergic airway inflammation through the blockage of NF-kB activation by ellagic acid in an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model”, Food Functions, Volume: 5, Issue: 9, Pages: 2106-2112, 2014
XII. F. Al-Niaimi F, N. Y. Z. Chiang N.Y.Z, “Topical vitamin C and the skin: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications”, The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, Volume: 10: Issue: 7, Pages: 14-17, 2017
XIII. G. C. Tenore, E. Novellino, A. Basile A, “Nutraceutical potential and antioxidant benefits of red pitaya (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) extracts”, Journal of Functional Foods, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Pages: 129-136, 2012
XIV. H. C. Williams, R. P. Dellavalle, S. Garner, “Acne vulgaris”, Lancet, Volume: 379, Issue: 9813, Pages: 361–379, 2012
XV. H. J. Kim, H. K. Choi, J. Y. Moon, Y. S. Kim, A. Mosaddik, S. K. Cho, “Comparative antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red and white pitayas and their correlation with flavonoid and polyphenol content”, Journal of Food Science, Volume: 76, Issue: 1, Pages: C38-44, 2011
XVI. H. K. Lim, C. P. Tan, J. Bakar, S. P. Ng, “Effects of different wall materials on the physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of spray-dried microencapsulated red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) seed oil”, Food Bioprocess Technology, Volume: 5, Issue: 4, Pages: 1220-1227, 2012
XVII. I. Goñi, D. Hervert-Hernández, “By-Products from plant foods are sources of dietary fibre and antioxidants, phytochemicals – bioactivities and impact on health”, Prof. IrajRasooli (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953- 307-424-5, InTech, 2011
XVIII. I. Kusumawati, G. Indrayanto, “Natural Antioxidants in Cosmetics”, Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 40, Pages: 485-505, 2013
XIX. K. L. Liu, M. A. Belury, “Conjugated linoleic acid reduces arachidonic acid content and PGE2 synthesis in murine keratinocytes”, Cancer Letters, Volume: 127, Issue: 1-2, Pages: 15–22, 1998
XX. K. M. Oksman-Caldentey, D. Inze D, “Plant cell factories in the post-genomic era: New ways to produce designer secondary metabolites”, Trends in Plant Science, Vol: 9, Issue: 9, Pages: 433–440, 2004
XXI. K. Mahattanatawee, J. A. Manthey, G. Luzio, S. T. Talcott, K. Goodner, E. A. Baldwin, “Total antioxidant activity and fiber content of select Florida-grown tropical fruits”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Volume: 54, Issue: 19, 7355-7363, 2006
XXII. K. R. Feingold, B. E. Brown, S. R. Lear, A. H. Moser, P. M. Elias, “Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on cutaneous sterol synthesis”, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Volume: 87, Issue: 5, Pages: 588–591, 1986
XXIII. M. A. Rosillo, M. Sanchez-Hidalgo, A. Cardeno, C. Alarcon de la Lastra C, “Protective effect of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, in a murine model of crohn’s disease”, Biochemical Pharmacology, Volume: 82, Issue: 7, Pages: 737-745, 2011
XXIV. M. R. Moßhammer, F. C. Stintzing, R. Carle, “Colour studies on fruit juice blends from Opuntia and Hylocereus cacti and betalain-containing model solution derived therefrom”, Food Research International, Volume: 38, Issue: 8-9, Pages: 975-981, 2005
XXV. P. S. R. Ow, A. N. Boyce, C. Somasundram C, “Pigment identification and antioxidant properties of red dragon fruit (Hylocereuspolyrhizus)”, African Journal of Biotechnology, Volume: 9, Issue: 10, Pages: 1450-1454, 2010
XXVI. P. W. Wertz, “Biochemistry of human stratum corneum lipids”, In: Elias PM, Feingold KR, editors. Skin Barrier. New York: Taylor & Francis: 10, 2006
XXVII. R. Nurliyana, I. Syed Zahir, K. Mustapha Suleiman, M. R. Aisyah, K. Kamarul Rahim, “Antioxidant study of pulps and peels of dragon fruits: a comparative study”, International Food Research Journal, Volume: 17, Issue: 2, Pages: 367-375, 2010
XXVIII. R. Vijayakumar, S. S. AbdGani, N. F. MohdMokhtar, “Anti-elastase, anti-collagenase and antimicrobial activities of the underutilized red pitaya peel: An in vitro study for anti-aging applications, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Volume: 10, Issue: 8, Pages: 251-255, 2017
XXIX. S. Cunnane, M. Anderson, “Pure linoleate deficiency in the rat: influence on growth, accumulation of n-6polyunsaturates, and [1-14C] linoleate oxidation”, Journal of Lipid Research, Volume: 38, Issue: 4, Pages: 805 –812, 1997
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XXXI. S. Murugesu, A. A. Ariffin, T. C. Ping, B. H. Chern, “Physicochemical properties of oil extracted from the hot and cold extracted red pitaya (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) seeds”, Journal of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Volume: 1, Issue: 2, Pages: 78-83, 2013
XXXII. S. Umesalma, G. Sudhandiran G, “Differential inhibitory effects of the polyphenol ellagic acid on inflammatory mediators NF-kappaB, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis”, Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Volume: 107, Issue: 2, 650-655, 2010
XXXIII. S. Wybraniec, B. Nowak-Wydra, K. Mitka, P. Kowalski, Y. Mizrahi, “Minor betalains in fruits of Hylocereus species”, Phytochemistry, Volume: 68, Issue: 2, Pages: 251–259, 2007
XXXIV. S. Wybraniec, I. Platzner, S. Geresh, H. E. Gottlieb, M. Haimberg, M. Mogilnitzki, Y. Mizrahi, “Betacyanins from vine cactus Hylocereuspolyrhizus”, Phytochem, Volume: 58, Issue: 8 , Pages: 1209-1212, 2001.
XXXV. T. S. Alster, T. B. West, “Effect of topical vitamin C on postoperative carbon dioxide laser resurfacing erythema”, Dermatologic Surgery, Volume: 24, Issue: 3, Pages: 331–334, 1998
XXXVI. T. T. Hoa, C. J. Clark, B. C. Waddell, A. B. Woolf, “Postharvest quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereusundatus) following disinfesting hot air treatments”, Postharvest Biology and Technology, Volume: 41, Issue: 1, Pages: 62 – 69, 2006
XXXVII. W. S. Choo, W. K. Yong, “Antioxidant properties of two species of Hylocereus fruits”, Advances in Applied Science Research, Volume: 2, Issue: 3, Pages: 418-425, 2011
XXXVIII. Y. Mizushina, Y. Ogawa, T. Onodera, I. Kuriyama, Y. Sakamoto, S. Nishikori S, “Inhibition of mammalian DNA polymerases and the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses by tyrosol from used activated charcoal waste generated during sake production”, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Volume: 62, Issue: 31, Pages: 7779-7786, 2014
XXXIX. Y. Sandriani, B. H. Nugroho, S. F. I. Tsani, Y. Syukri, “Formulation of lipbutter using red dragon fruit’s extract (HylocereusCostaricensis) as natural dyes with various oil phase concentration”, International Journal of Research in Science, Volume: 3, Issue: 3, Pages: 6-8, 2017

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Abstract:

In recent years, oil palm is one of the natural fibre being researched and tested to be used as an acoustic absorber. Experiments have been conducted on different parts of oil palm tree such as Empty Fruit Brunch (EFB), Oil Palm Frond (OPF), Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) and so on. This paper specifically discusses the analysis of the OPT fibre as a function of the sound absorber in densities of 120 kg/m3, 140 kg/m3, 160 kg/m3 and 180 kg/m3 with thicknesses of 10 mm, 14 mm and 18 mm. The OPT natural fibres were fabricated using method of Low-Density Fibreboard (LDF). The results show prominent Sound Absorption Coefficient, SAC (α) values for sample with thickness of 10 mm and 14 mm at frequency range of 3500 Hz to 6400 Hz for all densities except for sample with density of 180 kg/m3. As the thickness and density increases, the resonance peak shifted to lower frequency due to lower perforation exist within the sample which decreases the value of the absorption value. In comparison between the density and thickness, optimum and best result were produced by the sample with thickness and density of 14 mm and 120 kg/m3, respectively, where the SAC (α) value is around 0.93 at wide frequency of 3500 Hz to 5500 Hz. Nevertheless, sample density of 180 kg/m3 also exhibits similar behavior but with lower SAC (α) value and the maximum absorption value of 0.50 over the frequency range of 2500 Hz to 6400 Hz for all the thickness.

Keywords:

Oil Palm Trunk,Natural Fibre,Thickness,Density,Sound Absorption Coefficient,SAC (α),

Refference:

I. Abdul Latif, H. (2016). Acoustical Characteristics of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fibres. Master of Mechanical Engineering. University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
II. Abdul Latif, H., Yahya, M., Rafiq, M., Sambu, M., Ghazali, M. and Mohamed Hatta, M. (2015). A preliminary study on acoustical performance of oil palm mesocarp natural fiber. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 773-774, pp.247-252
III. Al-Rahman, L., Raja, R., Rahman, R. and Ibrahim, Z. (2012). Acoustic Properties of Innovative Material from Date Palm Fibre. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(9), pp.1390-1395
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V. Amares, S., Sujatmika, E., Hong, T., Durairaj, R. and Hamid, H. (2017). A Review: Characteristics of Noise Absorption Material. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 908, 012005
VI. Arenas, J.P. and Crocker, M.J. (2010) Recent Trends in Porous Sound-Absorbing Materials. Sound & Vibration, 44, 12-17
VII. Begum K. and Islam M.A. (2013). Natural fiber as a substitute to synthetic fiber in polymer composites: a review. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 2(3), pp.46-53
VIII. Campilho, R. (2016). Natural fiber composites. 1st ed. CRC Press, Taylor &Francis Group
IX. Ermann, M. (2015). Architectural Acoustics illustrated. Hoboken: Wiley
X. Fouladi, M., Nassir, M., Ghassem, M., Shamel, M., Peng, S., Wen, S., Xin, P. and Nor, M. (2013). Modeling and Measurement Methods for Acoustic Waves and for Acoustic Microdevices. InTech
XI. Hui, Z. and Fan, X. (2009). Sound Absorption Properties of Hemp Fibrous Assembly Absorbers. Sen’iGakkaishi, 65(7), pp.191-196
XII. Ibrahim, M.A. and Melik, R.W. (1978). Physical parameters affecting acoustic absorption characteristics of fibrous materials. Proceedings of the Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt, 46, 125-130
XIII. Ismail, L. (2012). Acoustic and Durability Performances of ArengaPinnata Panel. Master of Mechanical Engineering. University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
XIV. Ismail, L., Ghazali, M.I., Mahzan, S. and Zaidi, A.M. (2010). Sound Absorption of ArengaPinnata Natural Fiber. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, 4(7), pp.438-440
XV. Jiang, S., Xu, Y. Y., Zhang, H. P., White, C. B. and Yan, X. (2012). Seven-hole hollow polyester fibers as reinforcement in sound absorption chlorinated polyethylene composites. Applied Acoustics, 73, 243–247
XVI. Jiang, Z. H., Zhao, R. J., & Fei, B. H. (2004). Sound Absorption Property of Wood for Five Eucalypt Species. Journal of Forestry Research, 15, 207–210
XVII. Kalaivani, R., Ewe, L.S., Yap, B.K., Talik, N.A., Ibrahim, Z. (2018). The effects of density on microstructure and acoustic properties of OPT natural fibers. (2018). Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(3S), 434-445
XVIII. Kalaivani, R., Ewe, L.S., Zaroog, O.S., Woon, H.S. and Ibrahim, Z. (2018). Acoustic properties of natural fiber of oil palm trunk. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 5(6), pp.88-92
XIX. Kalia, S., Kaith, B. and InderjeetKaur. (2011). Cellulose fibers: bio- and nano-polymer composites. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
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XXI. Lee, Y. and Joo, C. (2004). Sound absorption properties of thermally bonded nonwovens based on composing fibers and production parameters. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92(4), pp.2295-2302
XXII. Lim, Z., Putra, A., Nor, M. and Yaakob, M. (2018). Sound absorption performance of natural kenaf fibres. Applied Acoustics, 130, pp.107-114
XXIII. Lou, C. W., Lin, J. H., & Su, K. H. (2005). Recycling polyester and polypropylene nonwoven selvages to produce functional sound absorption composites. Textile Research Journal, 75, 390–394
XXIV. Mamatha B.S., AnandNandanwar, Sujatha D., Uday D.N. and Kiran M.C. (2014). Particle board from bagasse for acoustic panel. International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Science, 3(3), 42-44
XXV. Mamtaz, H., Fouladi, M., Al-Atabi, M. and NarayanaNamasivayam, S. (2016). Acoustic absorption of natural fiber composites. Journal of Engineering, pp.1-11
XXVI. Samsudin, E.M., Ismail, L.H., Kadir, A.A. and Nasidi, I.N. (2017). Thickness, density and porosity relationship towards sound absorption performance of mixed palm oil fibers. 24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, London
XXVII. Seddeq, H.S. (2009) Factors influencing acoustic performance of sound absorptive materials. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3, 4610-4617
XXVIII. Shen, Y. and Jiang, G. (2013). Effects of different parameters on acoustic properties of activated carbon fiber felts. The Journal of the Textile Institute, 105(4), 392-397
XXIX. Sulaiman, O., Salim, N., Nordin, N., Hashim, R., Ibrahim, M. and Sato, M. (2012). The potential of oil palm trunk biomass as an alternative source for compressed wood. BioResources, 7(2)
XXX. Sydenstricker, T.H.D., Mochnaz, S. and Amico, S.C. (2003). Pull-out and other evaluations in sisal-reinforced terbiocomposites. Polymer Testing, 22(4), 375–380
XXXI. Vallabh, R. (2009). Modeling Tortuosity in Fibrous Porous Media using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Doctoral of Philosophy. Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University
XXXII. Yahya, M. and Sheng Chin, D. (2017). A Review on the Potential of Natural Fibre for Sound Absorption Application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 226, pp. 012-014
XXXIII. Zhu, X., Kim, B., Wang, Q. and Wu, Q. (2013). Recent Advances in the Sound Insulation Properties of Bio-based Materials. BioResources, 9(1)

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