Special Issue No. – 5, January, 2020

Abstract:

This paper proposes Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for an application of shunt active power filter to harmonic reduction and Reactive Power Compensation (RPC). High frequency switching control techniques of level shifted carriers to control Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) switches of three-phase Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is proposed. Half Bridge Sub Modules (HBSM) is proposed due to low conduction losses for testing the performance of MMC using proposed control techniques. An instantaneous real and reactive power (PQ) method is used to extract harmonic current. The Proportional Integral controller (PI) is implemented to control the capacitor voltage. The Carrier Based Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (CBPDPWM) scheme is employed to control the switches in systematic manner. The triangular wave in different configuration is used as a carrier signal to generate the gate pulses for IGBT switches. The performance of parameters includes reactive power compensation and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is discussed and presented for different types of high frequency switching techniques under nonlinear loads. The proposed work is simulated in the environment of Matlab/Simulink.

Keywords:

Carrier Based Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (CBPDPWM),Half Bridge Sub Modules (HBSM),Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) Switches,Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC),Total Harmonic Distortion (THD),

Refference:

I. A. Dekka, “Evolution of Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and
Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters”, IEEE Journal of Emerging
and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, Vol.: 5, Issue: 4, 2017.
II. B. Li, R. Yang, “Analysis of the Phase-Shifted Carrier Modulation for
Modular Multilevel Converters”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,
Vol.: 30, Issue: 1, 2015.

III. E. Luiz, L. Fabricio, “Shunt Compensator Based on Interconnected”, IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.: 30, Issue: 12, 2015.
IV. J. Rodríguez, “Multilevel Inverters: A Survey of Topologies, Controls, and
Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.: 49, Issue:
4, 2002.
V. M. A. Perez, “Circuit Topologies, Modeling, Control Schemes, and
Applications of Modular Multilevel Converters”, IEEE Transactions on
Power Electronics, Vol.: 30, Issue: 1, 2015.
VI. M. Popescu, A. Bitoleanu, V. Suru, “A DSP-Based Implementation of the p–
q Theory in Active Power Filtering Under Non ideal Voltage Conditions”,
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol.: 9, Issue: 2, 2013.
VII. S. Debnath, “Operation, Control, and Applications of the Modular Multilevel
Converter: A Review”, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.: 30,
Issue: 1, 2015.
VIII. V. Narasimhulu, “Comparative Simulation Analysis of Harmonics in Line-
Line Output Voltage of Multilevel Inverters for Different Modulation
Indices”, International Journal of Control Theory and Applications
(IJCTA), International Science Press, Vol.: 10, Issue: 5, pp. 289-296, 2017.
IX. V. Narasimhulu, “Simulation Analysis of Switch Controlled power filters for
harmonic reduction”, an International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research, Vol.: 11, Issue: 11, pp. 7597- 7602, 2016.
X. V. Narasimhulu, “State of Art Review of Various Control Methods for
Cascade H-Bridge 5-Level Inverter to Mitigate Harmonics”, International
Journal of Control Theory and Applications (IJCTA)”, International Science
Press, Vol.: 10, Issue: 28, pp. 1-9, 2017.

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Abstract:

The integration of photovoltaic systems (PV) into the grid has raised concerns for distribution power generation systems (DPGS), including islanding fault detection. Inverter based PV system require an effective anti-islanding method. A new anti-islanding method presents for the DPGS. This method is based on introducing the harmonic component at the inverter side and phase-locked loop (PLL) based synchronization. The output reference current is modifying by each cycle by an injected signal. The disturbance caused by injected signal is small compared to other anti-islanding methods. This proposed method does not affect the zero crossing of the injected signal. The performance of the proposed method has been studied using MATLAB/Simulink.

Keywords:

Photovoltaic System,MPPT,Anti-islanding,Goertzel algorithm,

Refference:

I. A. Reznik, M. G. Simoes, A. Al-Durra, S. M. Muyeen, “LCL Filter design and
Performance Analysis for Grid Interconnected Systems”, IEEE Transactions on
Industry Applications, Vol.: 50, Issue: 2, pp.1225-1232, 2013.
II. C. Mihai, V. G. Agelidis, T. Remus, B. Frede, “Accurate and Less-Disturbing
Active Anti-islanding Method Based on PLL for Grid-connected converters”,
IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.: 25, Issue: 6, 2010.
III. F. D. Mango, M. Liserre, A. D. Aquila, A. Pigazo, “Overview of anti-islanding
algorithms for PV systems, part I: Passive methods”, 12th international
Conference on Power electronics Motion Control, EPE-PEMC, pp.1878-1883,
Slovenia, 2006.
IV. H. Kobayashi, K. Takigawa, E. Hashimoto, “Method for preventing islanding
phenomenon on utility grid with a number of small scale PV systems”, 21st
IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conference, pp.695-700, U.S.A, 1991.
V. L. Zhang, L. Harnefors, H.-P. Nee, “Power synchronization control of gridconnected
voltage-source converters,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol.: 25,
Issue: 2, pp. 809–820, 2010.
VI. M. Castilla, J. Miret, J. Matas, L. G. d. Vicuna, J. M. Guerrero, “Control design
Guidelines for Single-Phase Grid- Connected Photovoltaic Inverters with
Damped Resonant Harmonic Compensators”, IEEE Transaction on Industrial
Electronics, Vol.: 56, Issue: 11, pp.4492-4501, 2009.
VII. M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg, S. Hansen, “Design and Control of an LCL Filter-
Based Three-Phase Active Rectifier”, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol.: 41, Issue: 5. pp. 1281-1291, 2005.
VIII. N. Sukesh, M. Pahlevaninezhad, P. K. Jain, “Analysis and Implementation of a
Single-Stage Flyback PV Micro inverter with Soft Switching”, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.: 61, Issue: 4, pp.1819-1833, 2014.
IX. P. Mahat, C. Zhe, B. B. Jensen, “Review of islanding detection methods for
distributed generation”, 3rd International Conference on Electrical Utility
Deregulation Restructure Power Technology, pp.2743-2748, China, 2008.
X. S. Jang, K. Kim, “An islanding detection method for distributed generations
using voltage unbalance and total harmonic distortion of current”, IEEE
transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.: 19, Issue: 2, pp. 745-752, 2004.
XI. V. David, G. Gabriel, F. Emilio, “An Active Anti-islanding Method Based on
Phase-PLL Perturbation”, IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol.: 26,
Issue: 4, 2011.
XII. V. Task, “Evaluation of islanding detection methods for photovoltaic utilityinteractive
power systems”, Tech. Rep. IEAPVPS T5-09-2002, 2002.

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Abstract:

This paper proposes the dependence of open circuit parameters of two mutually coupled coils wound on a nickel solenoid core at different temperatures. This paper helps in designing range of optimum temperatures of nickel core to get better induced EMF and reduced No-Load losses. The behavior of magnetization component with temperature is also presented in this paper. The components R0 and X0 variation with temperature is plotted for different voltages under core temperature variation. All these results are examined experimentally.

Keywords:

Induced EMF,Ferromagnetic Core,Iron Loss,No-Load Parameters,Core temperature,

Refference:

I. A. Boglietti, A. Cavagnino, M. Lazzari, M. Pastorelli, “Predicting iron losses
in soft magnetic materials with arbitrary voltage supply: An engineering
approach”, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: 39, Issue: 2, pp. 981–989, 2003.
II. A. Krings, S. A. Mousavi, O. Wallmark, J. Soulard, “Temperature influence
of NiFe steel laminations on the characteristics of small slotless permanent
magnet machines,” IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: 49, Issue: 7, pp. 4064–4067,
2013.
III. C. P. Steinmetz, “On the law of hysteresis”, Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Eng.,
Vol.: 9, Issue: 1, pp. 1–64, 1892.
IV. D. M. Ionel, M. Popescu, M. I. McGilp, T. J. E. Miller, S. J. Dellinger, R. J.
Heideman, “Computation of core losses in electrical machines using
improved models for laminated steel”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol.: 43,
Issue: 6, pp. 1554–1564, 2007.
V. G. Bertotti, “General properties of power losses in soft ferromagnetic
materials”, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: MAG-24, Issue:1, pp. 621–630, 1988.
VI. J. Chen, D. Wang, S. Cheng, Y. Wang, Y. Zhu, Q. Liu, “Modeling of
temperature effects on magnetic property of nonoriented silicon steel
lamination”, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: 51, Issue: 11, 2015.
VII. K. Foster, “Temperature-dependence of loss separation measurements for
oriented silicon steels”, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: MAG-22, Issue: 1, pp.
49–53, 1986.
VIII. N. Takahashi, M. Morishita, D. Miyagi, M. Nakano, “Comparison of
magnetic properties of magnetic materials at high temperature”, IEEE Trans.
Magn., Vol.: 47, Issue: 10, pp. 4352–4355, 2011.
IX. N. Takahashi, M. Morishita, D. Miyagi, M. Nakano, “Examination of
magnetic properties of magnetic materials at high temperature using a ring
specimen”, IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol.: 46, Issue: 2, pp. 548–551, 2010.

X. R. H. Pry, C. P. Bean, “Calculation of the energy loss in magnetic sheet
materials using a domain model”, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.: 29, Issue: 3, pp. 532–
533, 1958.
XI. R. Subrahmanyam, S. K. Rao, “Techniques of decreasing impedance of an
iron cored inductor”, In 2016 International Conference on Signal Processing,
Communication, Power and Embedded System (SCOPES), pp. 547-552.
IEEE, 2016.
XII. S. K. Rao, D. Lenine, P. Sujatha, “Constant Current Analysis of Shell Type
Transformer at Different Temperatures of Core by Using Quickfield
Software”, In Emerging Trends in Electrical, Communications, and
Information Technologies, pp. 175-184. Springer, Singapore, 2020.
XIII. S. K. Rao, D. Lenine, P. Sujatha. “Enhancement of induced EMF through
heat treatment of ferromagnetic core”, In 2017 IEEE International
Conference on Power, Control, Signals and Instrumentation Engineering
(ICPCSI), pp. 875-879. IEEE, 2017.
XIV. S. Xue, W. Q. Chu, Z. Q. Zhu, J. Peng, S. Guo, J. Feng, “Iron loss
calculation considering temperature influence in non-oriented steel
laminations”, IET Sci. Meas. Technol., Vol.: 10, Issue: 8, pp. 846–854,
2016.
XV. V. N. Reddy, S. K. Rao, S. N. Kumar, “Effect of magnetising core on
impedance and induced EMF of two coils wound on single iron core”,
International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications
(IJISTA), 18(1/2), pp.142-151, 2019.

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Abstract:

In this paper, we have studied the heat and mass transfer by law of natural fluids over a porous stringing. The governing equations formed into normal differential equations are administrated by applying similarity transformations during this chapter. The results were shown in diagrammatically and computationally for various governing parameters. Nusselt number will increase promptly on increasing the Prandtl number. Robert Emmet Sherwood number is desperately hyperbolic by increasing the Lewis number.

Keywords:

Heat and Mass transfer,concentration distribution,natural fluid, Nusselt number,sherwood number,suction,injection,

Refference:

I. A. Pantokratoras, “Further results on the variable viscosity on the flow and
heat Transfer to a continuous moving flat plate”, International Journal of
Engineering Science, Vol.: 42, pp.1891-1896, 2004.
II. B. J. Gireesha, , S. Manjunatha, C. S. Bagewadi, “Effect of radiation on
Boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching sheet in the presence
of free stream velocity”, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol.: 7, Issue:
(1), pp.15-24, 2014.
III. G. K. Radiation, “Heat generation and viscous dissipation effects on MHD
boundary layer flow for the Blasius and Sakiadis flows with a Convective
surface boundary condition”, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 8, Issue:
(3), pp.559-570, 2015.
IV. H. C. Chen, “Convection cooling of a continuously moving surface in
Manufacturing processes”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology,
Vol.: 138, Issue: (1-3), pp.332-338, 2003.
V. J. X. Ling, A. Dybbs, “Forced convection over a flat plate submersed in a
Porous medium, variable viscosity case”, ASME paper no. 87-WA/HT-23.
VI. K. Gangadhar, N. B. Reddy, “Chemically reacting MHD boundary layer
Flow of heat and mass transfer over a moving vertical plate in a porous
Medium with suction”, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol.: 6, Issue:
(1), pp.107-114, 2013.
VII. L. Deswita, , A. Ishak, R. Nazar, “Power-law fluid flow on a moving wall
With suction and injection effects”, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied
Sciences, Vol.: 4, Issue: (8), pp.2250-2256, 2010.

VIII. L. F. Shampine, J. Kierzenka, M. W. Reichelt, “Solving boundary value
problems for ordinary differential equations in MATLAB with bvp4c”,
http://www.mathworks.com/bvp_tutorial, 2003.
IX. M. A. A. Mahmoud, A. M. Megahed, “Effects of viscous dissipation and
heat Generation (absorption) in a thermal boundary layer of a non-
Newtonian fluid Over a continuously moving permeable flat plate”, Journal
of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, Vol.: 50, Issue: (5), pp.819-
825, 2009.
X. M. A. A. Mahmoud, “Slip velocity effect on a non-Newtonian power-law
fluid Over a moving permeable surface with heat generation”, Mathematical
and Computer Modeling, Vol.: 54, Issue: (5-6), pp.1228-1237, 2011.
XI. T. Fang, “Similarity solutions for a moving-flat plate thermal boundary
layer”, Acta Mechanica, Vol.: 163, Issue: (3-4), pp.161-172, 2003.

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Abstract:

This paper presents constant sampled random PWM techniques with low computational burden for vector controlled induction motor drives. The classical space vector PWM (SVPWM) method involved with more computational burden due to more calculations. Also, it generates high amplitude harmonics nearer to the multiples of switching frequency of the inverter. Hence, the proposed approach generated the modulating signals of SVPWM method by using a simple scalar technique. Further, to mitigate the harmonic amplitudes, three types of random PWM (RPWM) methods with fixed sampling frequency are proposed for vector controlled induction motor drive. The effectiveness of the proposed PWM methods is confirmed with simulation and experiments on induction motor drive.

Keywords:

Induction motor,RPWM,SVPWM,Vector control,

Refference:

2005. A. M. Trzynadlowski, K. Borisov, Y. Li, L. Qin, “A Novel Random PWM Technique With Low Computational Overhead and Constant Sampling Frequency for High-Volume, Low-Cost Applications”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., Vol.: 20, Issue: 1, pp. 116-122, 2005.
2006. D. Casadei, F. Profumo, G. Serra, A. Tani, “FOC and DTC: Two Viable Schemes for Induction Motors Torque Control”, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., Vol.: 17, Issue: 5, pp. 779-787, 2002.

• E. Roberto, C. D. Silva, E. C. D. Santos, C. B. Jacobina, “Pulse width modulation strategies”, IEEE IE Magazine, pp. 37-45, 2011.

1972. F. Blaschke, “The principle of field orientation as applied to the new transvector closed loop control system for rotating-field machines”, Siemens Review, pp. 217-223, 1972.
1973. H. Soltani, P. Davari, F. Zare, F. Blaabjerg, “Effects of Modulation Techniques on the Input Current Interharmonics of Adjustable Speed Drives”, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron., Vol.:.65, Issue: 1, PP. 167-178, 2018.
1974. H. W. V. Broeck, H. C. Skudelny, G. V. Stanke, “Analysis and realization of a pulsewidth modulator based on voltage space vectors”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., Vol.: 24, Issue: 1, pp. 142-150, 1988.

• I. Takahashi, T. Noguchi, “A new quick-response and high-efficiency control strategy of an induction motor”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., Vol.: IA-22, Issue: 5, pp. 820-827, 1986.
• Holtz, “Pulsewidth modulation – A survey”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.., Vol.: 39, Issue: 5, pp. 410-420, 1992.

2002. J. Holtz, “Sensorless control of induction motor drives”, in Proc. IEEE, Vol.: 90, Issue: 8, pp.1359-1394, 2002.
2003. K. S. Kim, Y. G. Jung, Y. C. Lim, “A New Hybrid Random PWM Scheme”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., Vol.: 24, Issue:  1, pp. 192-200, 2009.
2004. K. Zhou, D. Wang, “Relationship between space-vector modulation and three-pahse carrier-based PWM: A comprehensive analysis”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol.: 49, Issue: 1, pp. 186-196, 2002.

• M. A. Trzynadlowski, F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen, R. L. Kirlin, S. Legowski, “Random Pulse Width Modulation Techniques for Converter-Fed Drive Systems-A Review”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applic., Vol.: 30, Issue: 5, pp. 1166-1175, 1994.
• M. Bech, F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen, “Random Modulation Techniques with Fixed Switching Frequency for Three-Phase Power Converters”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., Vol.: 15, Issue: 4, pp. 753-761, 2000.
• M. Bech, J. K. Pedersen, F. Blaabjerg, “Field-Oriented Control of   an  Induction Motor Using Random Pulse width Modulation”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., Vol.:.37, Issue:  6, 2001

2018. S. N. Lavanya, T. B. Reddy, M.V. Kumar, “Correlation between carrier and space vector based Random PWM Techniques for Induction Motor Drive”, International Journa of Engineering Technology, Vol.: 7, pp. 462-469, 2018.

• Y. Oh, Y. G. Jung, S. H. Yang, Y. C. Lim, “Harmonic-Spectrum Spreading Effects of Two-Phase Random Centered Distribution PWM (DZRCD) Scheme With Dual Zero Vectors”, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron., Vol.: 56, Issue: 8, pp. 3013-3020, 2009.
• Leonhard, “30 years of space vectors, 20 years of field orientation, 10 years of digital signal processing with controlled AC-drives, a review (Part1) “,EPE Journal, Issue: 1, pp. 13-20, 1991.
• Leonhard, “30 years of space vectors, 20 years of field orientation, 10 years of digital signal processing with controlled AC-drives, a review (Part 2) “, EPE Journal, Issue:2, pp. 89-102, 1991.
• C. Lim, S. O. Wi, J. N. Kim, Y. G. Jung, “A Pseudorandom Carrier Modulation Scheme”, IEEE Trans. on Power Electron., Vol.: 25, Issue: 4, pp. 797-805, 2010.

2013. Y. S. Lai, Y. T. Chang, B. Y. Chen, “Novel Random-Switching PWM Technique With Constant Sampling Frequency and Constant Inductor Average Current for Digitally Controlled Converter”, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron., Vol.: 60, Issue: 8, pp. 3126-3135, 2013.

Y. S. Lai, Y. T. Chang, “Design and Implementation of Vector-Controlled Induction Motor Drives Using Random Switching Technique with Constant Sampling Frequency”, IEEE Trans. On Power Electron., Vol.: 16, Issue: 3, pp.400-409, 2001.

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Abstract:

In this paper, Corporate Happiness is introduced as a tool to enhance the productivity and efficiency of the employees at work. Starting from the apologetic endeavours to happiness the ideology of rights of people to be happy is canvassed from the historical review of the literature. Defining formally the Corporate Happiness, attempts of the people for happiness is described. Further, emerging ideas specifically for Corporate Happiness and the various measures for Corporate Happiness are detailed.

Keywords:

Corporate Happiness,Eudemonic well-being,Hedonic Happiness,Transparent lasting relationships,

Refference:

I. C. D. Ryff, B. H. Singer, “Know thyself and become what you are: a
eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being”, Journal of Happiness
Studies, Vol.: 9, pp: 13–39, 2006.
II. F. D. Cynthia, “Happiness at Work”, International Journal of Management
Reviews, Vol.: 12, Issue: (4), pp. 384–412, 2010.
III. G. H. Joanne, O. M. Richard, “The Virtuous Organization: The Value of
Happiness in the Workplace”, Organizational Dynamics. Healthy, Happy,
Productive Work: A Leadership Challenge, Vol.: 33, Issue: (4), pp. 379–392,
2004.
IV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness_at_work#Definition
V. https://www.yesmagazine.org/happiness/a-history-of-happiness
VI. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness_at_work#Definition
VII. http://digital_collect.lib.buu.ac.th/dcms/files/53910262/chapter2.pdf
VIII. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00091.x
IX. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270882208_Happiness_beyond_Wel
l_Being_Some_Reflections_of_Canadian_Society
X. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4345401/#SD1
XI. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232053321_Happiness_and_Mental
_Health_Policy_A_Sociological_Critique.
XII. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14623940903525207
XIII. https://www.science.gov/topicpages/h/happiness.html
XIV. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233665371_Measuring_Happiness_
with_a_Single-Item_Scale
XV. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=108850
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XVI. https://www.chicagobooth.edu/careercast/episodes/happiness-at-work-inchallenging-
times-jessica-pryce-jones

XVII. http://www.gpiatlantic.org/conference/reports/2218.htm
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HandDevelopment/36.GNH&development.pdf
XX. https://www.betternutrition.com/features-dept/steps2happiness
XXI. https://www.betternutrition.com/features-dept/steps2happiness
XXII. https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/4/11-020411/en/
XXIII. http://ninjajournalist.com/entertainment/true-story-pursuit-of-happyness/
XXIV. https://www.happiestminds.com/whitepapers/smiles-differentiating-quotientfor-
happiness-at-work.pdf
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%20on%20the%20Happiness%20Management%20Model.pdf
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XXVII. https://spectrum.ieee.org/at-work/innovation/the-pursuit-of-corporatehappiness
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XXX. Watson, Clark. “The PANAS-X: manual for the positive and negative affect
schedule”.
XXXI. Warr, “Work, happiness, and unhappiness”, Mahwah, NJ: lawrenceerlbaum,
2007

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Abstract:

This paper proposes Genetic algorithm based multistage fuzzy DC voltage regulator (GAMSFDCVR) for unified power flow controller (UPFC) for damping low frequency oscillations. The DC voltage regulator is combination of two single stage fuzzy controllers and performing like PID fuzzy. Genetic algorithm is an optimization algorithm and used for tuning of fuzzy bounds of multistage fuzzy voltage regulator based on the error minimization. The error used for optimization of fuzzy bounds is an integral time area error caused by the deviations of capacitor voltage of UPFC. This method is tested on single machine infinite bus system (SMIB) and the performance is compared with conventional controllers. Results demonstrated that the proposed controller is effectively improving the dynamic stability compared with conventional controllers.

Keywords:

Unified power flow controller (UPFC),genetic algorithm based multistage fuzzy DC voltage regulator (GAMSFDCVR),Conventional controllers (CC.),

Refference:

I. A. Kazemi, M. V. Sohrforouzani, “Power system damping controlled
facts devices”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, Vol.: 28, pp. 349-
357, 2006.
II. B. C. Pal, “Robust damping of interarea oscillations with unified power
flow controller”, IEE Proc. On Generation, Transmission and
Distribution, Vol.: 149, Issue: 6, pp. 733-738, 2002.
III. H. Shayeghi, A. Jalili, “A Hybrid Fuzzy AGC in a competitive
electricity environment”, Int. Journal of Electrical Systems Science and
Engineering, Vol.: 1, Issue: 3, pp. 184-195, 2008.
IV. IEEE Power Engineering Society and CIGRE, FACTS overview, IEEE
Publication, Issue: 95 TP 108, 1995.

V. J. C. Seo, S.-I. Moon, J.-K. Park, J.-W. Choe, “Design of a robust UPFC
controller for enhancing the small signal stability in the multi-machine
power systems”, Proc. of the IEEE PES Winter Meeting, Vol.: 3, pp.
1197-1202, 2001.
VI. K. L. Lo, Y. J. Lin, “Strategy for the control of multiple series
compensators in the enhancement of interconnected power system
stability”, IEE Proc. On Generation, Transmission and Distribution,
Vol.: 146, Issue: 2, pp. 149-158, 1999.
VII. K. R. Padiyar, H. V. Saikumar, “Coordinated design and performance
evaluation of UPFC supplementary modulation controllers”, Electrical
Power and Energy System., Vol.: 27, pp. 101-111, 2005.
VIII. L. Gyugyi, “Unified power-flow control concept for flexible ac
transmission systems”, IEE Proc. On Generation, Transmission and
Distribution, Vol.: 139, Issue: 4, pp. 323-31, 1992.
IX. L. Khon, K. L. Lo, “Hybrid micro-GA based FLCs for TCSC and UPFC
in a multi machine environment”, Electric Power Systems Research,
Vol.: 76, pp. 832-843, 2006.
X. L. X. Wang, “A course in fuzzy systems and control”, NJ: Prentice Hall,
1997.
XI. M. E. El-Hawary, “Electric power applications of fuzzy systems”, New
York: IEEE Press, 1998.
XII. M. M. Farsangi, Y. H. Song, K.Y. Lee, “Choice of FACTS device
control inputs for damping inter-area oscillations”, IEEE Trans. On
Power Systems, Vol.: 19, Issue: 2, pp. 1135-43, 2004.
XIII. M. Vilathgamuwa, X. Zhu, S. S. Choi, “A robust control method to
improve the performance of a unified power flow controller”, Electric
Power Systems Research, Vol.: 55, pp.103-111, 2000.
XIV. N. G. Hingorani, L. Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS: Concepts and
technology of flexible AC transmission systems”, Wiley-IEEE Press,
1999.
XV. N. Tambey, M. L. Kothari, “Damping of power system oscillations with
unified power flow controller (UPFC)”, IEE Proc. On Generation,
Transmission and Distribution, Vol.: 150, Issue: 2, pp. 129-40, 2003.
XVI. P. C. Stefanov., A. M. Stankovic, “Modeling of UPFC operation under
unbalanced conditions with dynamic phasors”, IEEE Trans. On Power
Systems, Vol.: 17, Issue: 2, pp. 395-403, 2002.

XVII. P. K. Dash, S. Mishra, G. Panda, “A radial basis function neural network
controller for UPFC”, EEE Trans. On Power Systems, Vol.: 15, Issue:
4, pp. 1293-1299, 2000.
XVIII. P. K. Dash, S. Mishra, G. Panda, “Damping multimodal power system
oscillation using hybrid fuzzy controller for series connected FACTS
devices”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.: 15, Issue: 4, pp. 1360-
1366, 2000.
XIX. P. Kundur, “Power System Stability and Control”, Electric Power
Research Institute. McGraw-hill, 1994.
XX. Sankaraiahmogaligunta, R. Sreeramakumar, “A New POD controller for
UPFC for damping low frequency oscillations in power systems”, Proc
of National Symposium for Post Graduate Students (NSPGS 2010),
Vol.: 2, pp. 301-306, 2010.
XXI. S. Limyingcharone, U. D. Annakkage, N. C. Pahalawaththa, “Fuzzy
logic based unified power flow controllers for transient stability
improvement”, IEE Proc. On Generation, Transmission and Distribution,
Vol.: 145, Issue: 3, pp. 225-232, 1998.
XXII. T. K. Mok, H. Liu, Y. Ni, F. F. Wu, R. Hui, “Tuning the fuzzy damping
controller for UPFC through genetic algorithm with comparison to the
gradient descent training”, Electric Power and Energy Systems, Vol.:
27, pp. 275-283, 2005.
XXIII. Y. N. Yu, “Electric power system dynamics”, Academic Press,
Inc.,London, 1983.

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Abstract:

This effort recommends‘ PV based 3-Φ (Multi Level Inverter) MLI with 3Phase induction motor (PVTPMLITPIM) using PI& Fractional Order PID(FOPID) controller closed loop system’. These exertions intend Re Boost Converter (RBC) between PV and MLI, also intended FOPID for control of PVTPMLITPIM system. “PI &FOPID controlled frame works” are composed & recreated utilizing MATLAB. The standards of operation & simulation comes about are observed. The simulation consequences of PI & FOPID controlled PVTPMLITPIM frameworks are evaluated in terms of time domain parameters & association table were analyzed and exhibited. The outcomes show FOPID controlled PVTPMLITPIM system is speedier than that of PI controlled PVTPMLITPIM system.

Keywords:

Multi Level Inverter,Re Boost Converter,simulation,

Refference:

I. B. Yang , T.Yu, H. Shu, Y. H. P. Cao, L. Jiang, “Adaptive fractional order
PID control of PMSG based wind energy conversion system for MPPT using
linear observers” Int. Trans Electr Energ Syst, Vol.: 29, Issue: 1, pp. e2735,
2019.
II. D. Yang, L. Yin, S. X. N. Wu, “Power and voltage control for single phase
cascaded h bridge multilevel converters under unbalanced loads”, Energies,
Vol.: 11, 2435, 2018.
III. L. Chu, Y. Jia, D. Chen, N. Xu, Y. Wang, X. Tang, Z. Xu, “ Research on
control strategies of an open end winding permanent magnet synchronous
driving motor (OW PMSM) equipped dual inverter with a switchable
winding mode for electric vehicles”, Energies, Vol.: 10, pp.616, 2017.
IV. M. Fatu, F. Blaabjerg, I. Boldea, “Grid to stand alone transition motion
sensor-less dual inverter control of PMSG with asymmetrical grid voltage
sags & harmonics filtering”, IEEE Trans PE, Vol.: 29, pp. 3463–3472,
2014.
V. O. A. Alavi, A. H. Viki, S. Shamlou, “A comparative reliability study of
three fundamental multilevel inverters using two different approaches”,
electronics, Vol.: 5, pp.18, 2016.
VI. R. Mohammadikia, M. Aliasghary, “A fractional order fuzzy PID for load
frequency control of four area interconnected power system using
biogeography based optimization”, Int. Trans Electr Energ Syst, Vol.: 29,
Issue: 2, pp. e2735, 2019.
VII. R. R. Behra, A. N. Thakur, “An overview of various grid synchronization
techniques for single phase grid integration of renewable distributed power
generation systems”, IEEE international conf. on electrical electronics &
optimization techniques (ICEEOT), pp: 2876-2880, 2016.
VIII. S. Bogarra, L. Monjo, J. Saura, F. Córcoles, J. Pedra, “Comparison of
simplified models for voltage source inverter fed adjustable speed drive
during voltage sags when the during event continue mode of operation is
active”. IET Electr power A ppl, Vol.: 8, pp. 329–341, 2014.

IX. S. Lee, J. Kim, “Optimized modeling and control strategy of the single phase
photovoltaic grid connected cascaded h bridge multilevel inverter”,
Electronics, Vol.: 7, pp. 207, 2018.
X. S. Leng, A. Haque, N. Perera, A. M. Knight, J. Salmon, “ Smart grid
connection of an induction motor using a three phase floating h bridge
system as a series compensator”, IEEE Trans. PE, Vol.: 31, pp.7053–7064,
2016.
XI. V. F. Pires, D. Foito, J. F. Silva, “Fault tolerant multilevel topology based
on three phase h bridge inverters for open end winding induction motor
drives”, IEEE Trans, Energy Converters, Vol.: 32, pp.895–902, 2017.
XII. Y. Zhou, W. Huang, F. Hong, “Single phase input variable speed ac motor
system based on an electronic capacitor less single stage boost three phase
inverter”, IEEE Trans. PE, Vol.: 31, pp.7043–7052. 2016.

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Abstract:

A novel method proposed for the reduction of switching operations (SOs) of voltage controlled devices (VCDs) and system power loss in the presence of dispatchable distributed generation (DDG). In this method reactive power of DDG coordinated with voltage controlled devices (VCDs) like under load tap changers (ULTCs) and shunt capacitors (SCs) in order to curtail switching operations (SOs) of VCDs together with power loss. Reactive power coordination and power loss is formulated as a multi objective function (MOF), Grey wolf optimizer (GWO) algorithm is proposed for optimizing MOF with the aid of forecasted load one day in advance. Proposed method was tested on 10kv 16 nodes system in Matlab environment at different locations of DDG with different output profiles. The efficacy of proposed scheme is compared with conventional (CO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods.

Keywords:

Dispatchable distributed generation (DDG),,Voltage controlled devices (VCDs),switching operations (SOs),Grey wolf optimizer (GWO),Dynamic programming (DP),

Refference:

I. A. Askarzadeh, A. Rezazadeh, “A new heuristic optimization algorithm
for modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Bird mating
optimizer”, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 37, No. 10,
pp. 1196-1204, 2013.
II. A. H. Gandomi, A. H. Alavi, “Krill herd: a new bio inspired
optimization algorithm”, Communications in Nonlinear Simulations,
Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 4831-4845, 2012.
III. A. R. Ahmadi, T. C. Green, “Optimal power flow for autonomous
regional active network management system”, IEEE Power & Energy
Society General Meeting, pp. 1-7, 2009.
IV. C. J. Dent, L. F. Ochoa, G. P. Harrison, “Network distributed generation
capacity analysis using OPF with voltage step constraints”, IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 296-304, 2010.
V. E. Bonabeau, M. Doriga, G. Theraulaz, “Swarm intelligence: from
natural to artificial systems”, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary
Computation, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 192-193, 2000.
VI. F. A. Vivan, D. Karlsson, “Combined local and remote voltage and
reactive power control in the presence of induction machine distributed
generation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp.
2003-2012, 2007.
VII. F. A. Vivan, D. Karlsson, “Voltage and reactive power control in
systems with synchronous machine based distributed generation”, IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 1079-1087, 2008.

VIII. F. A. Vivan: “Voltage control and voltage stability of power distribution
systems in the presence of distributed generation”, Doctoral Dissertation,
U.T. Sweden, 2008.
IX. F. C. Lu, Y. Y. Hsu, “Reactive power/voltage control in a distribution
substation using dynamic programming”, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Gen.,
Trans., Dist., Vol. 142, No. 6, pp. 639-645, 1995.
X. H. Jiayi, J. Chuanwen, X. Rong, “A review on distributed energy
resources and micro grid”, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.,Vol. 12, No. 1,
pp. 2472-2483, 2008.
XI. H. Li, F. Li, Y. Xu, D. T. Riyaz, J. D. Kueck, “Adaptive voltage control
with distributed energy sources: Algorithm, theoretical analysis,
simulation, and field test verification”, IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 1638-1647, 2010.
XII. J. Kennedy, R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization in neural
networks”, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth,
Australia, December 1995.
XIII. J. O. Donnel: “Voltage management of networks with distributed
generation”, Doctoral Dissertation, U.K. Edinburgh, 2007.
XIV. L. Li, F. F. Zhang, C. Liu, B. Niu, “A hybrid artificial bee colony
algorithm with bacterial foraging optimization”, IEEE International
Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and
Intelligent Systems, Shenyang, China, June 2015.
XV. M. Dorigo, M. Birattari, T. Stutzle, “Ant colony optimization”, IEEE
Computational Intelligence Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 28-39, 2006.
XVI. M. Sankaraiah, S. Suresh Reddy, M. Vijaya Kumar, “DFIG and voltage
controlled devices reactive power coordination using particle swarm
optimization”, IEEE International Conference for Convergence in
Technology, Manglore, India, Oct 2018.
XVII. M. Sankaraiah, S. Suresh Reddy, M. Vijaya Kumar, “Particle Swarm
Optimization based reactive power coordinated Control of distributed
generation and voltage controlled devices”, The Journal of CPRI, Vol.
13, No. 3, pp. 447-454, 2017.
XVIII. M. Sankaraiah, S. Suresh Reddy, M. Vijaya Kumar, “PSO based reactive
power coordination of PV system and voltage controlled devices”, Third
International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical,
Communications and Information Technology (Springer conference),
Ananthapuramu, India, Dec 2018.
XIX. R. H. Liang, C. K. Cheng, “Dispatch of main transformer ULTC and
capacitors in a distribution system”, IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 625-630, 2001.

XX. R. Storn, K. Price, “Differential evolution- a simple and efficient
heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces”, Journal of
global optimization, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 341-359, 1997.
XXI. Ruey. H. sun, L. Chen Kuo, “Dispatch of main transformer ULTC and
capacitors in a distribution system”, IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 625-630, 2001.
XXII. S. Mirjalili, S. M. Mirjalili, A. Lewis, “Grey Wolf Optimizer”, Advances
in Engineering Software, Vol. 69, pp. 46-61, 2014.
XXIII. W. Sheng, K. Y. Liu, Y. S. Cheng, “A trust region SQP method for
coordinated voltage control in smart distribution system”, IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 381-391, 2015.
XXIV. W. Sheng, K. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Ye, H. Kaiyuan, “A reactive power
coordination optimization method with renewable distributed generation
based on Improved harmony search”, IET Generation, Transmission &
Distribution, Vol. 10, No. 13, pp. 3152-3162, 2016.
XXV. W. T. Pan, “A new fruit fly optimization algorithm: taking the financial
distress model as an example”, Knowledge Based systems, Vol. 26, No.
8, pp. 69-74, 2012.
XXVI. X. S. Yang, “Firefly algorithm, stochastic test functions and design
optimization”, International Journal on Bio Inspired Computation, Vol.
2, No.2, pp. 78-84, 2010.
XXVII. X. S. Wang, S. Deb, “Cuckoo search via Levy flights in nature
&Biologically inspired Computing”, World Congress on Nature and
Biologically Inspired Computing, Coimbatore, India, December 2009.
XXVIII. X. Yao, Y. Liu, G. Lin, “Evolutionary programming made faster”,
IEEE transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 82-
102, 1999.
XXIX. Y. J. Kim, S. J. Ahn, P. I. Hwang, P. G. Chan, S. I. Moon, “Coordinated
control of a DG and voltage controlled devices using a dynamic
programming algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.
28, No. 1, pp. 42-51, 2013.
XXX. Y. Shiqin, J. Jianjun, Y. Guangxing, “A Dolphin Partner
Optimization”;World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired
Computing, Coimbatore, India, December 2009.

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Abstract:

The firefly optimization technique gives the reduced order model for the higher-order interval system. Stimulated by sporadic behavior of fireflies to act as the signal system to impress other fireflies. The fitness function is developed using   Routh approximation and cross multiplication of transfer function. The stability is analyzed through Routh-Hurwitz stability.

Keywords:

Firefly Algorith,Integral Square Error,Routh-Hurwitz,Lower order,Higher order,

Refference:

I. A. A. S. Rao, S. Slamba, S. V. Rao,” comments on a further note on
selecting a low order system using the dominant Eigen value concept”, IEEE
transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 26, Issue: 2, 1981.
II. B. Bandyopadhyay, A. Upadhye, O. Ismail, “γ-δ Routh Approximation For
Interval Systems,”IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 42, Issue:8,
1997
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interval systems,”IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 39, Issue:
12, 1994.
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approximation technique” , Int.J.Control, Vol.: 33, Issue:6, 1981.
V. C. Hwang, S. F. Yang,” comments on the computation of interval routh
approximation,” IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 44, Issue:9,
1999

VI. D. Gorinevsky, S. Boyd, G. Stein, “Design of Low-Bandwidth Spatially
Distributed Feedback,”IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, Vol.: 53,
Issue: 1, pp. 257-272, 2008.
VII. D. K. Kumar,S. K. Nagar, J. P. Tiwari, “A New Algorithm for model order
reduction of interval systems,”Bonfring International Jornal of Data Mining,
Vol.: 3, Issue: 1, 2013
VIII. D. K. Saini, R. Prasad, “Order Reduction of Linear Interval Systems Using
Genetic Algorithm,”International Journal of Engineering and Technology,
Vol.: 2, Issue:5, pp. 316-319, 2010
IX. E. J. Davison, “A method for simplifying linear dynamic systems,”IEEE
Trans. Autom. Control AC, Vol.: 11, pp. 93-101, Jan. 1966.
X. J. Pal, “system reduction by a mixed method,”IEEE technical notes, 1980.
XI. K. J. Khatwani, R. K. Tiwari, J. S. Bajwa , “On Chuang,s Continued fraction
method of model reduction,”IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.:
25, Issue: 4, 1980.
XII. M. R. Chidambara, “Further comments on A method for simplifyinglinear
dynamic systems,”IEEE Trans. Autom. Control AC, Vol.: 1, pp. 799-800,
1967.
XIII. T. N. Lucas , “Differentiation reduction method as a multipoint pade
approximation,”electronic letters, Vol.: 28, Issue: 1, 1988.
XIV. T. N. Lucas, “Linear system reduction by impulse energy
approximation,”IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 30, Issue: 8,
1985.
XV. X. S. Yang, “Nature –Inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms”, Luniver Press
Frome, Second Edition, 2010
XVI. Y.Bistritz , “Mixed complete pade model reduction: a useful formulation for
closed loop design,”electronic letters, 1980.
XVII. Y. Dolgin, E. Zeheb, “On routh pade model reduction of interval systems,”
IEEE transaction and automatic control, Vol.: 48, Issue: 9, 2003.
XVIII. Y. Shamash, “Failure of the Routh Hurwitz method of Reduction,”IEEE
Trans. Autom. Control, Vol.: 25 , Issue: 2, pp. 615 – 6, 1980.
XIX. Y. Shamash,” Stable reduced order models using Pade type approximation,”
IEEE T Automat Contr, Vol.: 19, Issue: 5, pp. 615–616, 1974

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Abstract:

Nowadays, text mining research has become one of the broad areas of research of natural language documents. A comprehensive overview of text mining and existing research status are discussed in the results of this study. The discovery of relevant patterns and trends for analyzing text documents from a huge volume of information is a major issue. Text mining is an extract from a huge number of text documents for interesting and nontrivial trends. Various methods and tools exist to determine the text and identify valuable information for future analysis and decisionmaking. The right and effective techniques for text mining help to speed up the extraction of valuable information and decrease the time and effort required. This document describes and reports the methods and applications of text mining in various fields of life. In addition, issues are identified in the field of text mining that affect the accurate and relevant results.

Keywords:

Text mining,Information extraction,Information Retrieval,Applications,Patterns,

Refference:

I. A. M. Cohen, W. R. Hersh, “A survey of current work in biomedical text
mining”, Briefings in bioinformatics, Vol.: 6, Issue: 1, pp. 57–71, 2005.
II. G. R. Kumar, G. A. Ramachandra, K. Nagamani, “An Efficient Prediction of
Breast Cancer Data using Data Mining Techniques”, International Journal of
innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol.: 2 , Issue: 4, Pages: 139-
144, 2013.
III. G. R. Kumar, K. Nagamani, “A Framework of Dimensionality Reduction
utilizing PCA for Neural Network Prediction”, Proceedings of the
International Conference on Data Science and Management(ICDSM-2019),
Published in the book series Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and
Communications Technologies of Springer Publishing House.
IV. G. R. Kumar, K. Nagamani, “Banknote Authentication System utilizing
Deep Neural Network with PCA and LDA Machine Learning Techniques”,
International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, Vol.: 9, Issue: 12(D) ,
2018.
V. K. Sumathy, M. Chidambaram, “Text mining: Concepts, applications, tools
and issues-an overview,” International Journal of Computer Applications,
Vol.: 80, Issue: 4, 2013.
VI. M. V. Lakshmaiah, G. R. Kumar, G. Pakardin, “Frame work for Finding
Association Rules in Bid Data by using Hadoop Map/Reduce Tool”,
International Journal of Advance and Innovative Research, Vol.: 2, Issue:
1(I), PP:6-9, ISSN 2394 -7780, 2015.

VII. N. Padhy, D. Mishra, R. Panigrahi, “The survey of data mining applications
and feature scope,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1211.5723, 2012.
VIII. P. J. Joby, J. Korra, “Accessing accurate documents by mining auxiliary
document information,” in Advances in Computing and Communication
Engineering (ICACCE), Second International Conference on. IEEE, pp.
634–638, 2015.
IX. R. Sagayam, “A survey of text mining: Retrieval, extraction and indexing
techniques”, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research,
Vol.: 2, Issue: 5, 2012.
X. S.-H. Liao, P.-H. Chu, P.-Y. Hsiao, “Data mining techniques and
applications–a decade review from 2000 to 2011”, Expert Systems with
Applications, Vol.: 39, Issue: 12, pp. 11 303–11 311, 2012.
XI. S. M. Weiss, N. Indurkhya, T. Zhang, F. Damerau, “Text mining: predictive
methods for analyzing unstructured information”, Springer Science and
Business Media, 2010.
XII. S. R. Basha, J. K. Rani, “A Comparative Approach of Dimensionality
Reduction Techniques in Text Classification”, Engineering, Technology &
Applied Science Research, Vol.: 9, Issue: 6, pp. 4974-4979, 2019.
XIII. S. R. Basha, J. K. Rani, J. J. C. P. Yadav, “A Novel Summarization-based
Approach for Feature Reduction Enhancing Text Classification Accuracy”,
Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol.: 9, Issue: 6, pp.
5001-5005, 2019.
XIV. S. R. Basha, J. K. Rani, J. J. C. P. Yadav, G. R. Kumar , “Impact of
featureselection techniques in Text Classification: An Experimental study”,
J. Mech. Cont. Math. Sci., Special Issue, Issue: 3, pp. 39-51, 2019.
XV. W. Fan, L. Wallace, S. Rich, Z. Zhang, “Tapping the power of text mining,”
Communications of the ACM, Vol.: 49, Issue: 9, pp. 76–82, 2006.
XVI. Z. Wen, T. Yoshida, X. Tang, “A study with multi-word feature with text
classification,” in Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the ISSS-2007,
Tokyo, Japan, Vol.: 51, p. 45, 2007.

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Abstract:

Over the internet and other network applications, the need for security is increasing each day due to its wide usage. There are a number of algorithms that have been developed for the secure transmission of data. This paper presents a novel approach for the generation of key using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm along with the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). This combination is termed as Modified AES (MAES). Initially, a plain text of 128 bits is the input to this algorithm. This text is converted into a cipher text. The key generation is important for the generation of the S-Box (substitution box). The key generation in the proposed work is done using the Flower Pollination Algorithm. This step is done to generate the keys in such a way that the complexities of the S-Box enhances. This improves the security of the proposed approach for data transmission in a network. Then encryption is done. This is followed by decryption. Finally, the 128-bit plain text is retrieved at the receiver’s side. The MAES algorithm was compared with other traditional cryptographic algorithms. The proposed MAES algorithm yielded outstanding results.

Keywords:

Modified Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm,Flower Pollination Algorithm,Security,Encryption,Decryption,Key,

Refference:

I. A. A. Yavuz, F. Alagöz, E. Anarim, “A new multi-tier adaptive military
MANET security protocol using hybrid cryptography and
signcryption.” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer
Sciences, Vol.: 18, Issue: 1, pp. 1-22, 2010.
II. A. Kushwaha, H. R. Sharma, A. Ambhaikar, “Selective Encryption Using
Natural Language Processing for Text Data in Mobile Ad Hoc Network.”
In Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization, pp. 15-26, 2018
III. B. Bala, L. Kamboj, P. Luthra, “Secure File Storage in Cloud Computing
using Hybrid Cryptography, International Journal of Advanced Research in
Computer Science, Vol.: 9, Issue: 2, pp. 773-776, 2018.
IV. B. Pradhan, S. Sengupta, “Chaotic-cipher based memory efficient symmetric
key cryptosystem.” In 2018 Emerging Trends in Electronic Devices and
Computational Techniques, 2018.
V. Ç. Ünal, S. Kaçar, A. Zengin, I. Pehlivan, “A novel hybrid encryption
algorithm based on chaos and S-AES algorithm.” Nonlinear Dynamics 92,
Issue: 4, pp. 1745-1759, 2018.

VI. D. Parashar, S. Roy, N. Dey, V. Jain, U. S. Rawat, “Symmetric Key
Encryption Technique: A Cellular Automata Based Approach.” In
Proceedings of CSI Cyber Security, pp. 59-67, 2018.
VII. E. B. Kavun, H. Mihajloska, T. Yalçin, “A Survey on Authenticated
Encryption–ASIC Designer’s Perspective”, ACM Computing Surveys ,
Vol.: 50, Issue: 6, pp. 1-21, 2017.
VIII. G. J. Krishna, R. Vadlamani, S. N. Bhattu, “Key Generation for Plain Text
in Stream Cipher via Bi-Objective Evolutionary Computing”, Applied Soft
Computing, 2018.
IX. G. Kalpana, P. V. Kumar, S. Aljawarneh, R. V. Krishnaiah, “Shifted
Adaption Homomorphism Encryption for Mobile and Cloud
Learning”, Computers & Electrical Engineering , Vol.: 65, pp.178-195,
2018.
X. J. Liu, C. Fan, X. Tian, Q. Ding, “Optimization of AES and RSA Algorithm
and Its Mixed Encryption System.” In International Conference on
Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 393-
403, 2017.
XI. K. S. Reddy, V. U. Kumar, “A Practical Approach for Secured Data
Transmission using Wavelet based Steganography and Cryptography”,
International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.: 67, Issue: 10, 2013.
XII. K. S. Reddy, V. U. Kumar, “Secured Data Transmission using Wavelet
based Steganography and Cryptography”, International Journal of
Computers & Technology, Vol.: 6, Issue: 1, 2013.
XIII. K. V. N. Rao, P. K. Budda, K. Sruthi, “Authentication and Encryption Using
Modified Elliptic Curve Cryptography with Particle Swarm Optimization
and Cuckoo Search Algorithm.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers
(India): Series B, pp.1-9, 2018.
XIV. M. E. Hameed, M. M. Ibrahim, N. A. Manap, “Review on Improvement of
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Algorithm based on Time Execution,
Differential Cryptanalysis and Level of Security.” Journal of
Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Vol.: 10, Issue:
1, pp.139-145, 2018.
XV. M. Elhoseny, G. R. González, O. M. A. Elnasr, S. A. Shawkat, N.
Arunkumar, A. Farouk, “Secure medical data transmission model for IoTbased
healthcare systems.” IEEE Access, Vol.: 6. pp. 20596-20608, 2018.
XVI. M. I. S. Reddy, M. S. Reddy, “Key Distillation process on Quantum
cryptography protocals in Network Security”, International journal of Advanced Research computer science and Software Engineering, Vol.: 2,
Issue: 6, 2012.
XVII. M. I. S. Reddy, “Wireless Application Protocol for Potential Threats to
Mobile Agent Network Security”, Journal of Electronic science and
Technology, Vol.: 10, Issue: 3, 2012.
XVIII. M. P. Reddy, “Host Based Information Gathering Honeypots for Network
Security”, International Journal of computational Engineering & research,
Vol.: 2, Issue: 2, 2012.
XIX. M. Sookhak, A. Gani, M. K. Khan, R. Buyya, “Dynamic remote data
auditing for securing big data storage in cloud computing”, Information
Sciences , Vol.: 380 , pp.101-116, 2017.
XX. M. U. Bokhari, Q. M. Shallal, Y. K. Tamandani, “Reducing the Required
Time and Power for Data Encryption and Decryption Using K-NN Machine
Learning.” IETE Journal of Research, pp.1-9, 2018.
XXI. P. Dixit, A. K. Gupta, M. C. Trivedi, V. K. Yadav. “Traditional and Hybrid
Encryption Techniques: A Survey”, In Networking Communication and Data
Knowledge Engineering, pp. 239-248, 2018.
XXII. P. Li, K. T. Lo, “A Content-Adaptive Joint Image Compression and
Encryption Scheme”, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol.: 20, Issue: 8,
pp. 1960-1972, 2018.
XXIII. R. D. Gill, N. Kapur, H. S. Gill, “Increase Security of Data With Respect to
Both Confidentiality and Integrity over Cloud”, International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research , Vol.:13, Issue: 10, pp. 7388-7391, 2018.
XXIV. T. Hanqi, Q. T. Sun, X. Yang, K. Long, “A Network Coding and DES Based
Dynamic Encryption Scheme for Moving Target Defense.” IEEE Access,
Vol.: 6, pp.26059-26068, 2018.
XXV. Ü. Çavuşoğlu, A. Zengin, I. Pehlivan, S. Kaçar, “A novel approach for
strong S-Box generation algorithm design based on chaotic scaled
Zhongtang system.” Nonlinear Dynamics, Vol.: 87, Issue: 2, pp.1081-1094,
2017.
XXVI. V. Lozupone, “Analyze encryption and public key infrastructure
(PKI).” International Journal of Information Management , Vol.: 38, Issue: 1,
pp.42-44, 2018.
XXVII. Y. Ye, N. Wu, X. Zhang, L. Dong, F. Zhou, “An Optimized Design for
Compact Masked AES S-Box Based on Composite Field and Common
Subexpression Elimination Algorithm.” Journal of Circuits, Systems and
Computers, Vol.: 27, Issue: 11, pp.1-11, 2018.

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Abstract:

Oscillators are used to convert Direct Current (DC) from power supply to an Alternating Current (AC) signal. Oscillatory behavior is ubiquitous in all physical systems, especially in electronic and optical. This paper present a inverter based (three stage) and delay cell based (three and five stage) Ring Oscillators (ROs).ROs was simulated using Cadence tools and its performance was evaluated based on different parameters having with 7.79GHz frequency (90nm technology), wide tuning- range from 11.58 GHz to 16.62 GHz (90 nm technology), Phase noise of - 101dBc/Hz (90 nm technology) and average power of 8.83μW (45 nm technology) .All these parameters are analyzed using CMOS technologies in 45nm, 90nm and 180nm technologies.

Keywords:

Ring oscillator,Voltage Controlled Oscillator,PLL,Communication systems,

Refference:

I. B. Razavi, R. F. Microelectronics, Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.
II. H. Yoon, Y. Lee, J. J. Kim, J. Choi, “A wideband dual-mode LC-VCO with a
switchable gate-biased active core”, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp.
Briefs, Vol.: 61, Issue: 5, pp. 289–293, 2014.
III. J. A. Hou, Y. H. Wang, “A 5 GHz differential colpitts CMOS VCO using the
bottom PMOS cross-coupled current source”, IEEE Microw.Wireless
Component Lett., Vol.: 19, Issue: 6, pp. 401–403, 2009.

IV. J. C. Chien, L. H. Lu, “Design of wide-tuning-range millimeter-wave CMOS
VCO with a standing-wave architecture”, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol.:
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V. J. L. González, F. Badets, B. Martineau, D. Belot, “A 56-GHz LC-tank VCO
with 17% tuning range in 65-nm bulk CMOS for wireless HDMI”, IEEE
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Abstract:

In this paper Modelling, position detection and torque ripple analysis of switched reluctance motor(SRM) is investigated under variable loads. SRM is gaining popularity over conventional induction motors with its simple structure, high reliability and high speed operations. Nonlinear mathematical model of a 8/6 SRM is developed in this paper. Operation of asymmetrical converter fed to SRM is also elucidated. Proposed drive is controlled by a PI controller, the need of rotor position in flux estimation is also presented in this paper. The proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB Simulink under variable load conditions. In simulation effect of load on source current, torque, torque error, speed, and speed error is analysed.

Keywords:

SRM,PI controller,Torque ripples,Modelling,

Refference:

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Abstract:

For expanding their business portfolios, organisations using strategy of mergers and amalgamations. It employs a significant impact on internal and external stakeholders. Hence, before making investment decisions shareholders should consider the announcements of corporate restructuring. This study suggests to evaluate the impact of merger announcement on corporate performance and investment decisions of investors.

Keywords:

Mergers,Acquisitions,Profitability,

Refference:

For expanding their business portfolios, organisations using strategy of
mergers and amalgamations. It employs a significant impact on internal and external
stakeholders. Hence, before making investment decisions shareholders should
consider the announcements of corporate restructuring. This study suggests to
evaluate the impact of merger announcement on corporate performance and
investment decisions of investors.I. A. Shukla, M. G. Gekara, “Effects of Multinational Mergers and Acquisitions
on Shareholders’ Wealth and Corporate Performance”, The IUP Journal of
Accounting Research & Audit Practices, Vol.: 9, Issue: 1, pp: 44-62, 2010.
II. F. Schiavone, “Mergers, Acquisitions and the Determinants of national
competitiveness in the European Electricity Industry: An Empirical Test”,
Journal of General Management, Vol.: 37, Issue: 4, pp: 71-85, 2012.
III. F. Singh, M. Mogla, “Impact of Mergers on Profitability of Acquiring
Companies”, The Icfai University Journal of Mergers & Acquisitions, Vol.:
5, Issue: 2, pp: 60.-76, 2010.
IV. F. Singh, M. Mogla, “Profitability Analysis of Acquiring Companies”, The
IUP Journal of Applied Finance, Vol.: 16, Issue: 5, pp: 72-83, 2010.
V. G. M. Dhinaiya, “Impact of Mergers & Acquisitions on the Performance of
Companies”, International Journal of Research in Commerce and
Management, Vol.: 3, Issue: 9, pp: 102-106, 2012.
VI. N. M. Leepsa, C. S. Mishra, “Post Merger Financial Performance: A Study
with reference to Selected Manufacturing Companies in India”, Journal of
Finance and Economics, Vol.: 8, Issue: 3, pp: 6-17, 2012.
VII. N. Rani, S. S.Yadav, P. K Jain, “Post-Merger & Amalgamations Operating
Performance of Indian Acquiring Firms: A Du Point Analysis”, International
Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol.: 5, Issue: 8, pp: 65-73, 2013.
VIII. R. C. Ferrer, “An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Merger and
Acquisition on the Firms Activity Ratios”, Journal of International
Management Studies. Vol.: 12, Issue: 2, pp: 68-73, 2012.
IX. R. Kouser, I. Saba, “Effects of Business Combination on Financial
Performance: Evidence from Pakistan Banking Sector”, Australian Journal of
Business and Management Research, Vol.: 1, Issue: 8, pp: 54-64, 2011.

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