Special Issue No. – 13, June 2026

Abstract:

The paper presents an approach for structural reliability analysis of steel elements in cases of interval uncertainty of sample data. It is shown that epistemic uncertainty plays an important role in practical structural reliability analysis tasks, and this uncertainty must be effectively modeled, usually in the form of intervals. The p-box (probability box) is a suitable mathematical model for describing the strength of steel as a random variable during non-destructive testing of existing structures. An effective method of reliability analysis is the Interval Monte Carlo Simulation (IMCS) in the presence of random variables with mixed interval uncertainty. As a result, structural reliability will be expressed as a failure probability interval. If the range of failure probabilities turns out to be too wide or uninformative for decision-making, it is necessary to reduce epistemic uncertainty (collect additional data to narrow the intervals) or increase the area of the cross-sections for the structural elements.

Keywords:

Structural Reliability,Failure Probability,Interval Uncertainty,Steel Structures,Safety,Reliability Index,

Refference:

I. Anastasiadis, A. “Failure of Steel Structures: Rethinking Some of the Aftermaths.” Urbanism. Arhitectură. Construcţii, vol. 12, no. 2, 2021, pp. 155–168. CEEOL. https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=954108
II. Alpsten, G. “Causes of Structural Failures with Steel Structures.” IABSE Symposium Report, vol. 107, no. 1, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, 2017, pp. 1–9. https://www.stbk.se/1662c-paper34-iabse-2017-01-24.pdf
III. López, S., et al. “Learning from Failure Propagation in Steel Truss Bridges.” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 152, 2023, article 107488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107488
IV. Sharyy, S. P. Finite-Dimensional Interval Analysis. XYZ Publishing, 2024. http://www.nsc.ru/interval/Library/InteBooks/SharyBook.pdf
V. Soloveva, A. A., and S. A. Solovev. “Reliability Analysis of RHS Steel Trusses Joints Based on the P-Boxes Approach.” International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering, vol. 17, no. 1, 2021, pp. 87–97. 10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-1-87-97
VI. Wang, B., et al. “Confidence Analysis of Standard Deviational Ellipse and Its Extension into Higher Dimensional Euclidean Space.” PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 3, 2015, article e0118537. 10.1371/journal.pone.0118537
VII. Zhang, H., et al. “Interval Monte Carlo Methods for Structural Reliability.” Structural Safety, vol. 32, no. 3, 2010, pp. 183–190. 10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.01.001
VIII. Sun, J., et al. “Chebyshev Affine-Arithmetic-Based Parametric Yield Prediction under Limited Descriptions of Uncertainty.” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 27, no. 10, 2008, pp. 1852–1865. 10.1109/ASPDAC.2008.4484008
IX. Balu, A. S., and B. N. Rao. “Inverse Structural Reliability Analysis under Mixed Uncertainties Using High Dimensional Model Representation and Fast Fourier Transform.” Engineering Structures, vol. 37, 2012, pp. 224–234. 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.12.043
X. Lehký, D., and D. Novák. “Solving Inverse Structural Reliability Problem Using Artificial Neural Networks and Small-Sample Simulation.” Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 11, 2012, pp. 1911–1920. 10.1260/1369-4332.15.11.1911
XI. Olvera Astivia, O. L., et al. “The Role of Item Distributions on Reliability Estimation: The Case of Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha.” Educational and Psychological Measurement, vol. 80, no. 5, 2020, pp. 825–846. 10.1177/0013164420903770
XII. Zhang, Z., and C. Jiang. “Evidence-Theory-Based Structural Reliability Analysis with Epistemic Uncertainty: A Review.” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 63, no. 6, 2021, pp. 2935–2953. 10.1007/s00158-021-02863-w
XIII. Li, P. P., et al. “Efficient Method for Updating the Failure Probability of a Deteriorating Structure without Repeated Reliability Analyses.” Structural Safety, vol. 102, 2023, article 102314. 10.1016/j.strusafe.2023.102314
XIV. Todinov, M. Methods for Reliability Improvement and Risk Reduction. John Wiley & Sons, 2018.

View | Download

Abstract:

This article determines the ignition time of a wall considering convective heat exchange between its surface and the fire source environment. The fire source temperature is treated as a given time-dependent function. Calculations of the wall temperature are performed using a semi-analytical method based on Duhamel’s principle and the finite difference method. A novel calculation procedure is developed for the fire source temperature that is changing with time as a piecewise-linear function. It was found that accounting for a gradual temperature rise in the fire source leads to results significantly different from cases assuming an instantaneous temperature rise. The influence of the heat transfer coefficient on wall ignition time is also demonstrated.

Keywords:

Ignition Time,Standard Fire Temperature,Heat Conduction In A Wall,Time-Dependent Solution,Duhamel’s Principle,Finite Difference Solution,

Refference:

I. Alekseevskaya, Ya. A., and A. P. Suvorov. “Modelirovanie Protsessa Nagreva Steny pri Pozhare [Modelling Wall Heating Process in the Fire].” Inzhenerny Vestnik Dona, no. 8, 2025. http://www.ivdon.ru/ru/magazine/archive/n8y2025/10261
II. American Society for Testing and Materials. Standard Methods of Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials. ASTM E119-88, ASTM, 1990. https://astm.org
III. Carslaw, H. S., and J. C. Jaeger. Conduction of Heat in Solids. Oxford University Press, 1959
IV. Casano, G., and S. Piva. “Transient Heat Conduction in a Wall Exposed to a Fire: An Analytic Approach.” IOP Conference Series: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 796, 2017, pp. 1–11. 10.1088/1742-6596/796/1/012036
V. Çengel, Y. A. Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach. McGraw-Hill, 1997
VI. DeSimone, A., and A. E. Jeffers. “Best Practices for Modelling Structural Boundary Conditions due to a Localized Fire.” Fire and Materials, vol. 44, 2019, pp. 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2774
VII. Fire Safety Design in Buildings. Canadian Wood Council, 1996. https://cwc.ca/wp-content/uploads/publications-FireSafetyDesign-s.pdf
VIII. Hodges, J. L., et al. “Convective Heat Transfer from Impinging Flames.” Proceedings of the Fire and Evacuation Modeling Technical Conference (FEMTC), 2024, pp. 1–18. https://www.femtc.com/events/2024/d1-08-hodges
IX. Incropera, F. P., et al. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
X. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 834: Fire Resistance Tests—Elements of Building Construction. 1975. https://www.iso.org/standard/57595.html
XI. Pitts, D., and L. Sissom. Theory and Problems of Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill, 1997
XII. prEN 1991-1-2: Eurocode 1: Actions on Structures—Part 1-2: Actions on Structures Exposed to Fire. CEN, 2001. https://gaprojekt.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Eurocode-1-Actions-on-Structures.pdf
XIII. Tamrazyan, A. G., et al. “Approksimatsiya Resheniya Lineinoy Zadachi Teploprovodnosti pri Odnostoronnem Nagreve Betona v Usloviyakh Standartnogo Temperaturnogo Rezhima Pozhara.” Arkhitektura, Stroitel’stvo, Transport, vol. 5, 2025, pp. 52–66. 10.31660/2782-232X-2025-1-52-66
XIV. Wang, Z. H., and K. H. Tan. “Temperature Prediction for Multi-Dimensional Domains in Standard Fire.” Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 23, 2007, pp. 1035–1055. 10.1002/cnm.950
XV. Yakovlev, A. I. Raschet Ognestoikosti Stroitel’nykh Konstruktsiy [Calculation of Fire Endurance of Building Structures]. StroyIzdat, 1988

View | Download

Abstract:

The article examines the problems of risk management of the adverse impacts of climate change, the risks of new or amplified existing factors affecting the municipal solid waste (MSW) management. Increased wind load, significant precipitation, unstable temperature conditions both in summer and winter, rising groundwater levels in urban areas, and others are the causes of risks of financial, technological, and legal instability, increasing the adverse impact on the urban environment in the activities of organizations managing housing, urban areas, and public utilities, supply of municipal resources, and municipal solid waste management. Special attention should be paid to the activities of regional environmental operators, taking into account new impact factors in the development and implementation of territorial schemes for the management of municipal solid waste. There have to be tools to manage such risks. Insurance is one of the most universal and widespread economic instruments. However, regulatory and methodological support does not always meet the prevailing conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop approaches to the insurance of production and consumption waste management facilities in the context of increased exposure to the negative effects of climate change.

Keywords:

Municipal Solid Waste,MSW,Regional Environmental Operator,Climate Factors,Climate Vulnerabilities,Climate Exposure,

Refference:

I. Kireychikov, V. V., et al. “Organics at the Landfill.” MSW – Waste Management, June 2021. sozvezdie-razvitie.ru/wp-content/uploads/180
II. Jarzabkowski, P., et al. Insurance for Climate Adaptation: Opportunities and Limitations. Global Commission on Adaptation, United Nations, 2019. https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/28797/
III. Kobysheva, N. V., et al. Climate Risks and Adaptation to Climate Change and Variability in the Technical Sphere. Cyrillic Publishing House, 2015.
IV. Russia, Ministry of Economic Development. Order No. 267 of 13 May 2021: On Approval of Methodological Recommendations and Indicators on Climate Change Adaptation. 2021. http://www.consultant.ru/cons_doc_LAW_384470
V. Spitsov, D. V., and I. K. Yazhlev. “Ways of Regulatory and Legal Support for Waste Management Taking into Account the Negative Effects of Climate Change.” Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11, 2022, pp. 100–104. 10.28983/asj.y2022i11pp100-104
VI. Strategy of Environmental Safety of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2025. http://www.consultant.ru/cons_doc_LAW_215668
VII. Russia, Ministry of Natural Resources. State Report “On the State and Protection of the Environment of the Russian Federation in 2023”. 2023. https://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/gosudarstvennye_doklady
VIII. Russia, Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. State Report “On Climate Features in the Territory of the Russian Federation for 2023”. 2023. https://meteoinfo.ru
IX. Using Insurance in Adaptation to Climate Change. Publications Office of the European Union, 2018. 10.2834/036674
X. Yazhlev, I. K. “Environmental Problems of Polluted Urban and Industrial Areas in Major Russian Industrial Centers.” Industrial and Civil Engineering, no. 8, 2014, pp. 78–81.
XI. Yazhlev, I. K. Environmental Remediation of Contaminated Industrial and Urban Areas. ASV Publishing House, 2012.

View | Download

Abstract:

The ongoing digital transformation has positioned big data and the geographic information system (GIS) ecosystem as essential platforms for spatial analysis, forecasting, and decision support in regional and provincial planning. This paper examines the characteristics and roles of big data within the GIS ecosystem and evaluates its current application in Vietnam in comparison with international experiences. The study employed a synthesis and analysis of secondary sources, including scientific publications, policy reports, and legal documents. The findings show that integrating big data into GIS supports planning analysis and improves the quality of planning formulation and adjustment, and enhances transparency in planning management. Despite these advantages, Vietnam continues to face notable challenges, particularly in technological infrastructure, human resource capacity, and multi-level data integration. Addressing these issues is vital for maximizing the potential of geospatial big data. Based on these insights, the paper proposes solution-oriented directions and development pathways toward building a coherent and sustainable GIS-based big data ecosystem that supports the modernization of planning practices.

Keywords:

Big Data,Gis Ecosystem,Planning,Digital Transformation,

Refference:

I. Goodchild, M. “Annals of GIS.” Reimagining the history of GIS, 2018, vol. 24, pp. 1–8. 10.1080/19475683.2018.1424737
II. Government of Vietnam. Decree No. 13/2023/ND-CP on personal data protection, 2023, Government of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, URL: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=207759.
III. Government of Vietnam. Decree No. 58/2023/ND-CP detailing a number of articles of the Planning Law, 2023, Government of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, URL: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=208476
IV. Hamamurad, Q.H., N. Mat Jusoh, and U. Ujang. “ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information.” Factors that affect spatial data sharing in Malaysia, 2022, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11080446
V. Hanoi People’s Committee. Explanatory report of Hanoi Capital Planning for the period 2021–2030, vision to 2050, 2024, Hanoi People’s Committee, Hanoi, Vietnam, URL: https://dbndhanoi.gov.vn/Files/portal/DinhKemTinBai/2024-03/1%20240317%20-%20BCTT%20QH%20Th%E1%BB%A7%20%C4%91%C3%B4%201.2_K73MdQbvyESr0bmd.pdf.
VI. Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee. Explanatory report of Ho Chi Minh City Planning for the period 2021–2030, vision to 2050, 2024, Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, URL: https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=212234&tagid=1&type=1.
VII. Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam. Circular No. 04/2023/TT-BKHDT on requirements for content and technical specifications of planning database dossiers, 2023, Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, URL: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Thong-tu-04-2023-TT-BKHDT-yeu-cau-noi-dung-va-ky-thuat-cua-co-so-du-lieu-ho-so-quy-hoach-571327.aspx
VIII. Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam. Explanatory report of the Northern Midland and Mountainous Regional Planning for the period 2021–2030, vision to 2050, 2024, Ministry of Planning and Investment of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam. URL: https://chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=211408

IX. National Assembly of Vietnam. Law on Planning No. 21/2017/QH14, 2017, National Assembly of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, URL: https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Luat-quy-hoach-322935.aspx.
X. People’s Committee of Nghe An Province. Explanatory report of Nghe An Provincial Planning for the period 2021–2030, vision to 2050. 2023, People’s Committee of Nghe An Province, Vinh, Vietnam, URL: https://nghean.gov.vn/quy-hoach-tinh-nghe-an-thoi-ky-2021-2030-tam-nhin-den-nam-2050/bao-cao-tong-hop-quy-hoach-tinh-nghe-an-thoi-ky-2021-2030-tam-nhin-den-nam-2050-626765.
XI. People’s Committee of Quang Binh Province. Explanatory report of Quang Binh Provincial Planning for the period 2021–2030, vision to 2050, 2023, People’s Committee of Quang Binh Province, Dong Hoi, Vietnam, URL: https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=207743&gidzl=AujHKCqD8a0daLDGpXGWG2UGM5BNGI4GFv9IKjP39qHhm55MXK4Z46B600FPHtSHDCS60p7Uia0dnmmWGm.
XII. Phuong, L.T.M., B.H. Phong, and T.T. Anh. “E3S Web of Conferences” Improving performance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS): A case study on Nghe An (Vietnam) province planning, vol.403,2023, 03004, 10.1051/e3sconf/202340303004
XIII. Zou, L., Y. Song, and G. Cervone. “Annals of GIS.” Geospatial big data: theory, methods, and applications. 2024, vol. 30(4), pp. 411–415, 10.1080/19475683.2024.2419749

View | Download

Abstract:

Warehousing is a crucial link in the supply chain, ensuring the storage and distribution of goods. In Vietnam, logistics costs account for about 16–18% of GDP, which is higher than the global average (10–12%), with warehousing contributing a significant proportion. The rapid growth of e-commerce, at a rate of over 20% per year, has exposed the limitations of traditional warehouses, such as reliance on manual management, low productivity, and a lack of data integration. This study aims to clarify the concept of smart warehouses, analyze the current situation, and propose solutions for logistics enterprises in Vietnam. The research methodology adopts a qualitative and conceptual approach based on secondary data analysis. SWOT analysis is employed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of traditional warehouses, as well as the opportunities and challenges in developing smart warehouses in Vietnam. In line with this approach, the study focuses on a conceptual and policy-oriented analysis rather than developing mathematical or optimization models for warehouse operations. The study contributes by providing a theoretical basis and a framework for smart warehouses, thereby guiding investment strategies for enterprises and informing national logistics policies.

Keywords:

Smart Warehouses,Warehouse Management System (WMS),Logistics,AI,IoT,E-commerce,Digital Transformation,

Refference:

I. Affia, I., and A. Aamer. “An Internet of Things-Based Smart Warehouse Infrastructure: Design and Application.” Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 2021. 10.1108/JSTPM-08-2020-0117
II. Füchtenhans, M., et al. “Using Smart Lighting Systems to Reduce Energy Costs in Warehouses: A Simulation Study.” International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 26, 2021. 10.1080/13675567.2021.1937967
III. Hamdy, W., et al. “An Intelligent Warehouse Management System Using the Internet of Things.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology Sciences, vol. 32, 2020, pp. 59–65
IV. Hung, H., et al. “The Role of Logistics Infrastructure to Attract Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam.” 2019. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359236238
V. Korra, C., and A. Valaboju. “Green Warehouses: The Benefits, Challenges and Strategies of Industrial Building Decarbonization.” International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 2024, pp. 1454–1462. https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT24MAR1644.pdf
VI. McKinsey & Company. Model Warehouse Brochure. Aug. 2017. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business%20functions/operations/how%20we%20help%20clients/capability%20center%20network/pdfs/model%20warehouse%20brochure.pdf
VII. McKinsey & Company. Automation in Logistics: Big Opportunity, Bigger Uncertainty.2019. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/travel%20logistics%20and%20infrastructure/our%20insights/automation%20in%20logistics%20big%20opportunity%20bigger%20uncertainty/automation-in-logistics-big-opportunity-bigger-uncertainty-vf.pdf
VIII. Min, H. “Smart Warehousing as a Wave of the Future.” Logistics, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, p. 30. 10.3390/logistics7020030
IX. Pinto, A., et al. “Influence of IoT on Warehouse Management Performance in the Global Context: A Critical Literature Review.” 2023. https://rda.sliit.lk/entities/publication/4d8b9ebe-3c02-40b8-8ff0-01c559e8f249
X. Tiwari, S. “Smart Warehouse: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Research Direction.” Sustainable Manufacturing and Service Economics, vol. 2, 2023, article 100014. 10.1016/j.smse.2023.100014
XI. Windhausen, A., et al. “Exploring the Impact of Augmented Reality Smart Glasses on Worker Well-Being in Warehouse Order Picking.” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 155, 2024, article 108153. 10.1016/j.chb.2023.108153

View | Download

Abstract:

Industrial heritage buildings present a dual challenge: interventions must meet contemporary safety and performance requirements while preserving the authenticity that underpins heritage value. This article proposes a metrics-based approach to adaptive reuse by synthesising recent international research in architecture, structural engineering, geotechnics, and environmental assessment. A systematic review and evidence mapping of studies published between 2015 and 2025 link key project questions to measurable indicators structured around four pillars: authenticity, structural performance, monitoring and digital twins, and geotechnical and adjacent-construction risk. The synthesis defines operational targets, including volumetric and material retention thresholds for authenticity; performance-based deformation and drift limits for steel and masonry retrofits; traffic-light trigger values for settlement, vibration, and crack activation in early-warning monitoring systems; and life-cycle indicators such as retained-structure share, embodied-carbon balance, and carbon payback time. The article makes two principal contributions. First, it reframes authenticity as a quantifiable design boundary that can be optimized alongside structural and environmental objectives. Second, it consolidates dispersed international criteria into a concise, practice-oriented toolkit suitable for specification, procurement, and project control. The proposed framework supports transparent evaluation of trade-offs, prioritisation of minimal-intrusion strengthening, and use of digital monitoring as an active management tool. The article concludes with recommendations for pilot applications and standardisation pathways, positioning evidence-based metrics as a bridge between heritage values and contemporary safety, resilience, and sustainability goals.

Keywords:

Industrial heritage,Adaptive reuse,Authenticity metrics,Structural retrofitting,Digital monitoring,

Refference:

I. Bhandari, P. K. (2021). Monitoring the structural health of old industrial structures. Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology, 7(1), 190–192. 10.33130/AJCT.2021v07i01.037.
II. Carrara, F., Falchi, F., Girardi, M., Messina, N., Padovani, C., & Pellegrini, D. (2022). Deep learning for structural health monitoring: An application to heritage structures. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2211.10351.
III. Formisano, A., & Vaiano, G. (2021). Combined energy–seismic retrofit of existing historical masonry buildings: Novel “DUO System” coating applied to a case study. Heritage, 4(4), 4629–4646. 10.3390/heritage4040255.
IV. Gursel, A. P., Shehabi, A., & Horvath, A. (2023). What are the energy and greenhouse-gas benefits of repurposing non-residential buildings into apartments? Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 198, Article 107143. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107143.
V. Niccolucci, F., & Felicetti, A. (2024). Enlivening the heritage digital twin. In EGI 2024 Conference Abstracts (Lecce, Italy, September 30 – October 4, 2024), 1 p.
VI. Nepravishta, F. (2024). Conservation of Industrial Heritage and Adaptive Reuse: Kombinat Case Study. In Documentation, Restoration and Reuse of Heritage: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference ReUSO 2024 (Bergamo, Italy, October 29–31, 2024), pp. 773–783. Bergamo. ISBN 978-88-99586-454.
VII. Opher, T., Duhamel, M., Posen, I. D., Panesar, D. K., Brugmann, R., Roy, A., et al. (2021). Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from building restoration: Case study of a heritage industrial building in Toronto, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, Article 123819. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123819.
VIII. Samadzadehyazdi, S., Ansari, M., Mahdavinejad, M., & Bemaninan, M. (2020). Significance of authenticity: Learning from best practice of adaptive reuse of industrial heritage. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 14(3), 329–344. 10.1080/15583058.2018.1542466.
IX. Shromek, A. R. (2025). Realizing environmental sustainability goals in public industrial heritage sites in Europe. Heritage, 8(2), Article 53. 10.3390/heritage8020053.
X. Tartaglia, R., Milone, A., Prota, A., & Landolfo, R. (2022). Seismic retrofitting of existing industrial steel buildings: A case study. Materials, 15(9), Article 3276. 10.3390/ma15093276.

View | Download

Abstract:

Well-known approaches to karst monitoring were analyzed, focusing on the assessment of dispersed soil layers overlying soluble rocks in covered karst areas. The advantages of using deep core markers as deformation sensors were examined. It was concluded that laboratory physical modeling in specially designed trays is an effective method for testing such monitoring systems. The experimental setup, including the testing equipment, deep core markers, and model materials, is briefly described, and the rationale for their selection is explained. The main experimental results are presented. In all tests, the monitoring system showed a clear response at the moment when the simulated karst cavity came into contact with the overlying dispersed soils, and characteristic spatial patterns of marker settlement were identified. In two experiments, surface settlement of the model was additionally observed. The results confirm that the proposed benchmark-based karst monitoring system can principally detect stress changes in overlying soils caused by the appearance and increase of a cavity.

Keywords:

Karst,Sinkhole,Monitoring,Bench Marks,Physical Modeling,Prediction,Engineering Protection,

Refference:

I. Alrowaimi, Mohamed, et al. “Sinkhole Physical Models to Simulate and Investigate Sinkhole Collapses”. Proceedings of the 14th Multidisciplinary Conference. Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, October 5-9, Rochester, Minnesota: NCKRI Symposium 5, 2015, pp 559-568. 10.5038/9780991000951.1039
II. Anikeev, Aleksandr, V. Sinkholes and subsidences in karst areas: mechanisms of formation, prognosis and risk assessment. Publishing House of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 2017.
III. Bhattacharya, Subhamoy, et al. “Physical modeling of interaction problems in geotechnical engineering”. Edited by Samui, Pijush, et al. Modelling in Geotechnical Engineering. Academic Press, 2021, pp 205-256. 10.1016/B978-0-12-821205-9.00017-4
IV. Cho, Hyung Ik, et al. “Physical modeling of land subsidence due to underground cavity and its monitoring by electrical resistivity survey in geotechnical centrifuge”. Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication, vol. 2, issue 72, 2016, pp 2469-2472. 10.3208/jgssp.KOR-28
V. Ferentinou, Maria. “Sinkhole collapse propagation studies through instrumented small-scale physical models”. Proceedings of IAHS, vol. 382, 2020, pp 71-76. 10.5194/piahs-382-71-2020
VI. Gao, Yuxin, et al. “Feasibility study on sinkhole monitoring with fiber optic strain sensing nerves”. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 15, issue 11, 2023, pp 3059-3070. 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.12.026
VII. Gorokhovsky, Vikenty, M., and Eduard, I, Tkachuk. Modeling in engineering geology. Publishing house of the Novocherkassk Polytechnic Institute, 1080.
VIII. Green, Daniel, L. “Modelling geomorphic systems: scaled physical models”. Edited by Cook, Simon, J, et al. Geomorphological Techniques (Online Edition). British Society for Geomorphology, chap. 5, sec. 3, 2014. URL: https://www.geomorphology.org.uk/sites/default/files/chapters/5.3_PhysicalModels.pdf
IX. Grigorenko, Anatoly, G., et al. Engineering geodynamics: A textbook. Lybid, Kiev, 1992.
X. Jennings, Jeremiah, E. “Building on dolomites in the Transvaal”. The Civil Engineer in South Africa, vol. 8, No. 2, 1966, pp 41-62.
XI. Kammerer, Fritz. “Ingenieurgeologische Methoden in Erdfall- und Senkungsgebieten”. Freiberger Forschungshefte, issue 127, 1962, pp 49-107.
XII. Khomenko, Victor, P. “Sagging-collapse sinkholes: simulation modelling”. TPACEE-2019, E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 164, 2020, 02028. 10.1051/e3sconf /202016402028
XIII. Khomenko, Victor, P., et al. “The possibilities of registering underground collapses using active geoelectric monitoring”. Industrial And Civil Engineering, No. 11, 2007, pp 12-14.

XIV. Khomenko, Victor P., and Vladimir V. Tolmachev. “Sinkholes.” Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, edited by Marker Bryan and Peter T. Bobrowsky, Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 836–840. 10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_262-1.
XV. Kvartalnov, Semen, V, and Vladislav, V., Makulov. “Geotechnical monitoring of buildings and structures”. European Science, No. 5(27), 2017, pp 43-45.
XVI. Recommendations on laboratory physical modeling of karst processes. Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1984.
XVII. Schenato, Luca. “A review of distributed fibre optic sensors for geo-hydrological applications”. Applied sciences, vol. 7, No. 896, 2017. 10.3390/app7090896
XVIII. Segalini Andrea, et al. “Role of geotechnical monitoring: state of the art and new perspectives”. Proceedings of the 7th Scientific and Expert Conference on Geotechnics, GEO-EXPO 2017. October 26-27, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, pp 27-36. 10.35123/GEO-EXPO_2017_3
XIX. Sowers, George, F. Building on sinkholes: Design and construction of foundations in karst terrain. ASCE, New York, 1996.
XX. Tolmachev, Vladimir, V, et al. Engineering and construction development of karst territories. Stroyizdat, Moscow, 1986.
XXI. Waltham, Tony, et al. Sinkholes and subsidence: Karst and cavernous rocks in engineering and construction. Springer, Praxis Publishing, Chichester, 2005.

View | Download

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization, a significant demographic group known as “empty-nest youth” has emerged in China’s major metropolitan and emerging first-tier cities. These young individuals, who predominantly live alone, commonly face challenges such as weakened social connections, increased psychological stress, and a reduced sense of security. Current youth housing design tends to prioritize economic efficiency and spatial optimization while neglecting systematic research on users’ living experiences, often resulting in spatial dysfunction and a weakened sense of belonging. This study introduces an innovative user experience (UX)-oriented theoretical framework and constructs a three-dimensional design model based on perception, behavior, and space. Using a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative questionnaires, behavioral observation, qualitative interviews, and scenario analysis, the research systematically investigates the spatial usage patterns and emotional needs of the target group. By establishing a UX-based architectural evaluation system and conducting prototype space experiments, the findings demonstrate that user experience-oriented design strategies can significantly improve residential satisfaction, promote social interaction, and enhance emotional stability. This study proposes a new design paradigm for contemporary youth housing that integrates functional efficiency, humanistic care, and experiential value, providing both theoretical support and practical guidance for future residential design.

Keywords:

Empty Nest Youth,User Experience,Humanistic Design,Perception-Behavior-Space Model,

Refference:

I. Ding, Zirui. Kitchenware Design for “Empty Nest Youth”. Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2021. CNKI. 10.27662/d.cnki.gznlc.2021.000337
II. Gülbahar, Sevinç, and Damla Koca. “An Analysis of User Experience in the Primary Territories of Student Housing through Social Media.” The Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, pp. 68–80. 10.7456/tojdac.1562168
III. Huang, Qi. “The Effects of Multi-Sensory Public Seating on Emotion Regulation in Youth Communities.” Scientific Reports, vol. 15, no. 1, 2025, p. 12473. 10.1038/s41598-025-12473-x
IV. Lee, Kyung. “The Interior Experience of Architecture: An Emotional Perspective.” Buildings, vol. 12, no. 3, 2022, p. 326. 10.3390/buildings12030326
V. Li, Shicen. On the Design of Sensual Household Products for “Empty Nest Youth”. Shanghai University of Technology, 2023. CNKI. 10.27801/d.cnki.gshyy.2023.000191

VI. Li, Yuxiang. “Toward a Metaverse Era: A Study on the Design of Smart Home Entertainment Scene Experience for Empty-Nest Youth.” Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, 2024, article 3565770. 10.1145/3565698.3565770
VII. McLane, Y., and J. Pable. “Architectural Design Characteristics, Uses, and Perceptions of Community Spaces in Permanent Supportive Housing.” Journal of Interior Design, vol. 45, no. 4, 2020, pp. 1–16. 10.1111/joid.12165
VIII. Ren, Hui. “Research Contents, Methods and Prospects of Emotional Architecture.” Buildings, vol. 14, no. 4, 2024, p. 997. 10.3390/buildings14040997
IX. Roofigari-Esfahan, Nazgol, et al. “A Conceptual Framework for Designing Interactive Human-Centred Building Spaces to Enhance User Experience in Specific-Purpose Buildings.” arXiv, 2023. 10.48550/arXiv.2308.14876
X. Song, Yan, et al. “Application and Prospect of Intelligent Technology in Architectural Design.” Theoretical Research on Urban Construction, no. 32, 2024, pp. 95–97. 10.19569/j.cnki.cn119313/tu.202432031
XI. Waardenburg, T., et al. “Design Your Life: User-Initiated Design of Technology to Support Independent Living of Young Autistic Adults.” arXiv, 2021. 10.48550/arXiv.2105.12370
XII. Wang, Jiasheng. “Analogy Study of Contemporary Architectural Experience Design Techniques and Experience Marketing Model.” E-Commerce Review, vol. 14, no. 6, 2025, pp. 1149–1153. 10.12677/ecl.2025.1461844
XIII. Zhang, Rui. “Evaluation on AI-Generative Emotional Design Approach in Spatial Design.” Land, vol. 14, no. 6, 2025, p. 1300. 10.3390/land14061300
XIV. Zhang, Ye, and Shao Yu. “Design of Living Services for Urban ‘Empty Nest Youth’.” Footwear Technology and Design, vol. 4, no. 1, 2024, pp. 175–177
XV. Zhang, Yong. “Study on Living Space Design for Young Single-Person Households.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Urban Planning, vol. 6, 2024, pp. 150–156. 10.23977/jceup.2024.060220

View | Download

Abstract:

This paper presents the results of a comprehensive research project focused on developing a testing methodology and exploring the practical application of innovative cladding materials—metal-ceramic panels (“QUANTUM CERAMIC”) and aluminum honeycomb panels (“QUANTUM PARUS”)—within an architectural and urban planning context. The study falls under the scientific specialty 2.1.13, "Urban Planning and Rural Settlement Design", and aims to assess the potential of these materials in addressing key contemporary urban planning challenges. These include creating an aesthetically expressive architectural character for urban spaces, enhancing visual harmony and environmental quality, providing safe and comfortable living conditions, and reinforcing urban and regional identity. The proposed testing methodology involves a systematic evaluation of the materials’ physical and mechanical properties, operational reliability, and resistance to climatic and chemical influences. It also assesses aesthetic characteristics, including colorimetric parameters and the visual perception of façades. Laboratory results confirm the high durability and resilience of the panels, as well as their compliance with relevant sanitary and hygienic regulations. The study further analyzes implemented urban projects in which these materials were applied to the cladding of transport, social, and cultural infrastructure facilities. The findings demonstrate that metal-ceramic and aluminum panels contribute to the harmonization of spatial environments, strengthen regional identity, and support the creation of visually comfortable and aesthetically expressive urban landscapes. The research substantiates the feasibility of incorporating these materials into comprehensive urban and rural development programs, aligning with modern standards of architectural design, operational reliability, and environmental sustainability.

Keywords:

Urban Planning,Architectural and Artistic Appearance, ,Visual Ecology,Testing Methodology,Innovative Materials,Metal-Ceramic Panels,

Refference:

I. Airports as Geological Cross-Sections. NatPro, https://natpro.pro/en/p1.
II. Barbosa, S., K. C. Alberto, and P. Piroozfar. “Natural Daylighting through Double Skin Façades: A Review.” Architectural Engineering and Design Management, vol. 21, 2025, pp. 231–251. 10.1080/17452007.2024.2400711.
III. Beregovskikh, A. N. “Architectural and Spatial Design as a Type of Urban Planning Activity and a Tool for Effective Territorial Development Planning.” Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, vol. 1, no. 70, 2025, pp. 173–188. 10.24412/1998-4839-2025-1-173-188.
IV. Blagovidova, N. G., N. S. Ivanova, I. V. Novichikhina, and A. O. Potogina. “Problems of Historical and Cultural Heritage Preservation in Urban and Rural Environments.” Science, Education, and Experimental Design. The Works of MARKHA, 2023, pp. 283–289. https://marhi.editorum.ru/ru/nauka/conference_article/9325/view.
V. Certificate of Conformity RU C-RU.НЕ55.В.00028/24. https://сертификаты-соответствия.рус/document/ru-s-rune55v0002824.
VI. Crameri, F., and S. Hason. “Navigating Color Integrity in Data Visualization.” Patterns, vol. 5, no. 5, 2024, p. 100972. 10.1016/j.patter.2024.100972.

VII. Fedorov, V. S., N. V. Kupchikova, and A. V. Fedorchenko. “Strength of Architectural and Construction Finishing Elements Made of Metal-Ceramics and Aluminum Honeycombs in Urban Railway Transport Facilities.” Engineering and Construction Bulletin of the Caspian Region, no. 2 (52), 2025, pp. 49–56. 10.52684/2312-3702-2025-52-2-49-56.
VIII. GOST R 57270-2016. Building materials. Methods for testing combustibility. https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/63946.
IX. GOST 9.401-2018. Unified system of protection against corrosion and aging. Paint coatings. General requirements and accelerated test methods for resistance to climatic factors. https://internet-law.ru/gosts/gost/69709.
X. GOST 27180-2019. Ceramic tiles — Methods of testing. https://rosgosts.ru/file/gost/91/100/gost_27180-2019.pdf.
XI. Government of the Russian Federation. Decree No. 2501-r: On the State Cultural Policy Strategy for the Period until 2030. 11 Sept. 2024. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/410284259.
XII. ISO 10545-2:2018. Ceramic Tiles — Part 2: Determination of Dimensions and Surface Quality. https://bsmd.moic.gov.bh/store/standards/iso:pub:std:IS:72246/ISO%2010545-2:2018.
XIII. Jean Nouvel’s European Patent Office is Inaugurated in The Hague. Wallpaper, 11 Oct. 2022. https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/jean-nouvel-diederik-dam-european-patent-office-the-hague-netherlands.
XIV. Majeed, N. N., and R. Alsultani. “Façade Analysis for Indoor Comfort in Architectural Design.” Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2024. 10.2478/cee-2025-0020.
XV. Positive Conclusion of the State Expert Appraisal No. 16-1-1-2-008903-2026. EGRZ (Unified State Register of Conclusions), 6 Mar. 2026, https://egrz.ru/organisation/reestr/detail/16-1-1-2-008903-2026.
XVI. Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation No. 64. On Approval of SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10. 10 June 2010. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/12077273.
XVII. Salnik, T. S., and L. G. Zhukova. “Color in Architecture.” Modern Construction and Architecture, vol. 2, no. 10, 2018, pp. 5–7. 10.18454/mca.2018.10.5.
XVIII. Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2030 with a Forecast until 2036. Government of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 4146-r, 28 Dec. 2024. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/411143583.

XIX. Vasilieva, O. I., A. A. Bredikhina, and I. Y. Bochkova. “Color as a Means of Expressiveness in Architectural and Landscape Composition.” Sustainable Development of Territories: Proceedings of the III International Scientific-Practical Conference, 2021, pp. 34–38. https://mgsu.ru/resources/izdatelskaya-deyatelnost/izdaniya/izdaniya-otkr-dostupa/2021/Sbornik_ISA_Ustoychivoe-razvitie-terr_2021.pdf.
XX. Volkov, M. Y., and L. S. Sabitov. “Curtain Wall Systems: Influence of Cladding Materials and Architectural Features of Buildings and Structures on Organizational and Technological Solutions.” Engineering Bulletin of the Don, no. 4 (124), 2025, pp. 526–542 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/navesnye-fasadnye-sistemy-vliyanie-oblitsovochnyh-materialov-i-arhitekturnyh-osobennostey-zdaniy-i-sooruzheniy-na-organizatsionno.
XXI. Zhang, X., H. Zhang, Y. Wang, and X. Shi. “Adaptive Façades: Review of Designs, Performance Evaluation, and Control Systems.” Buildings, vol. 12, no. 12, 2022, p. 2112. 10.3390/buildings12122112

View | Download

Abstract:

The increasing depreciation of the housing stock leads to an increase in the failure rate of utility systems. Consequently, losses of utility resources and operating costs increase, and social stability declines. Therefore, a relevant area of research is improving the quality of utility system operation by changing the maintenance planning strategy. The transition from planned to predictive maintenance is possible using smart systems. In this context, this study aimed to develop the architecture of an event-driven system for monitoring violations arising during the operation of utility systems, based on a predictive approach using IoT. This study addressed the scientific and practical problem of developing a system of criteria for detecting violations based on the analysis of IoT sensor signals. It also developed a system of rules for their activation for automated decision-making based on a deterministic approach. The study is based on analytical modeling and predictive analytics. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposed conceptual analytical model for decision-making in the event of an emergency during the operation of a residential sewerage system, based on formalized rules for the activation of weight sensors. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of recommendations for adapting the IoT monitoring system to various design solutions for domestic sewerage systems using the example of two countries, Russia and China.

Keywords:

Smart Systems,Control Sensors,Sewer Systems,The Internet of Things,Blockages,

Refference:

I. Dai, Xilei, et al. “Building Gym: An Open-Source Toolbox for AI-Based Building Energy Management Using Reinforcement Learning.” Building Simulation, vol. 18, 2025, pp. 1909–1927. 10.1007/s12273-025-1306-y.
II. Dement’eva, Marina. “Development of Building Exploitation Programs in the Concept of Energy-Sustainable Urban Development.” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 164, 2020, p. 08016, 10.1051/e3sconf/202016408016.
III. Dement’eva, Marina. “Planning of Operational and Technological Measures based on Logical and Graphical Modeling.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 988, 2022 p. 052026, 10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052026.
IV. Deshpande, Sujit, and Rashmi M. Jogdand. “A Survey on Internet of Things (IoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Industry 4.0.” International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 175, no. 27, 2020, pp. 20–27, 10.5120/ijca2020920790.
V. Hajjaj, Sami Salama Hussen, et al. “Review of Implementing the Internet of Things (IoT) for Robotic Drones (IoT Drones).” E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 477, 2024, p. 00016. 10.1051/e3sconf/202447700016.
VI. Han, Jize, and Yonglin Zhang. “IoT USN System and Hybrid Architecture Application.” Conference: 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC), 2020, pp. 514–518. 10.1109/CAC51589.2020.9327732.
VII. Huang, Min. “Frequently Asked Questions about Building Water Supply and Drainage Design.” Urban Architecture and Development, vol. 5, no. 13, 2024, pp. 196–198. 10.37155/2717-557X-0513-66.
VIII. Lee, Hyejon, Namje Park, and Hyo-Chan Bang. “The Architecture Design of Semantic Based Open USN Service Platform Model.” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol. 274, 2014, pp. 457–462. 10.1007/978-3-642-40675-1-68.
IX. Liu, Lei, et al. “Application of Internet of Things Technology in the Field of Environmental Engineering.” International Conference on Big Data Analytics for Cyber-Physical System in Smart City, 2022, pp. 1149–1156. 10.1007/978-981-16-7466-2_127.
X. Malekloo, Arman, et al. “Machine Learning and Structural Health Monitoring Overview with Emerging Technology and High-Dimensional Data Source Highlights.” Structural Health Monitoring, vol. 21, no. 4, 2021, pp. 1906–1955. 10.1177/14759217211036880.
XI. Maliping. “Research on Application of Key IoT Technology and Computer IoT Technology.” Journal of Physics Conference Series, vol. 1453, no. 1, 2020, p. 012098. 10.1088/1742-6596/1453/1/012098.
XII. Morgenthal, Guido, and Norman Hallermann. “Quality Assessment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Visual Inspection of Structures.” Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, 2016, pp. 289–302. 10.1260/1369-4332.17.3.289.
XIII. Mostafa, Basma, et al. “Towards the Enhancement of Buildings’ Sustainability: IoT-Based Building Management Systems (IoT-BMS).” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1396, no. 1, 2024, pp. 012020. 10.1088/1755-1315/1396/1/012020.
XIV. Mu, Tong. “Research on the Application of Building Electrical Automation in Modern Buildings.” Smart City Applications, vol. 7, no. 11, 2024, pp. 88–90. 10.33142/sca.v7i11.14204.
XV. Pan, Jianli, et al. “An Internet of Things Framework for Smart Energy in Buildings: Designs, Prototype, and Experiments.” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 2, no. 6, 2015, pp. 527–537. 10.1109/JIOT.2015.2413397.
XVI. Ranasinghe, Damith, Mark Harrison, and Peter H. Cole. “EPC Network Architecture.” Networked RFID Systems and Lightweight Cryptography. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 59–78. 10.1007/978-3-540-71641-9_4.
XVII. Shi Xiao-Bing, and Hai-Gang Jiang. “Research on the Application of IoT Data in Construction Operation and Maintenance Management.” Smart Buildings and Smart Cities, vol. 4, 2022, pp. 157–159, 10.13655/j.cnki.ibci.2022.04.047.
XVIII. Xi, Hu, and Rayan H. Assaad. “The Use of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (Mobile Robots) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Drones) in the Civil Infrastructure Asset Management Sector: Applications, Robotic Platforms, Sensors, and Algorithms.” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 232, 2023. pp. 120897. 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120897.

View | Download

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization in major Vietnamese cities, such as Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, has led to increasing traffic congestion and air pollution, resulting in annual economic losses equivalent to 3-5% of GDP. In the context of global digital transformation, Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as a strategic tool for smart and sustainable urban transport management. While countries such as Singapore, the United Kingdom, and China have made significant progress in integrating DT into urban systems, Vietnam remains at an early stage, with fragmented Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). This study reviews international experiences in applying DT to urban transport and identifies lessons for Vietnam using a qualitative comparative approach to global case studies. The findings highlight three key enablers: integrated multi-source data, cross-agency coordination, and open data governance. Based on these insights, a four-layer DT framework, comprising data acquisition, integration, simulation, and decision support, is proposed for Vietnam’s urban transport sector. The study concludes that successful DT adoption requires strong institutional leadership, a robust and secure data infrastructure, and continuous capacity building to accelerate Vietnam’s transition toward smart and green mobility.

Keywords:

Digital Twin,Urban Transport,Smart Mobility,Policy Recommendations,Data Integration,Vietnam,

Refference:

I. Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2023). Vietnam Smart Mobility Program. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org
II. Atkins, S. (2022). Digital Twin for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Case of London Transport Authority. UK Department for Transport Report.
III. Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Politburo). (2019). Resolution No. 52-NQ/TW on Policies to Actively Participate in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
IV. China Development Bank (CDB) Urban Lab. (2022). Urban Digital Twins in China: From Smart City to City Brain.
V. Department for Transport (DfT). (2022). Digital Twin Applications for Transport Infrastructure Management. United Kingdom Government.
VI. European Commission. (2021). Digital Europe Programme 2021–2027: Smart and Sustainable Cities.
VII. Government of Vietnam, Prime Minister. (2020). Decision No. 749/QĐ-TTg – National Digital Transformation Program to 2025, with a Vision to 2030.
VIII. Hanoi University of Science and Technology & VNPT. (2024). Smart Mobility Research Report. Internal Research Summary.
IX. Ho Chi Minh City Department of Information and Communications. (2023). Five-Year Report on Smart City Development (2017–2022). Retrieved from https://ict-hcm.gov.vn
X. Indian Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. (2022). Urban Digital Twin Framework for Indian Smart Cities. Smart Cities Mission, Government of India.
XI. Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT). (2023). Smart City Digital Twin Demonstration Projects.
XII. Lee, J., Bagheri, B., & Kao, H. A. (2022). A cyber-physical systems architecture for industry and smart city digital twins. Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems.
XIII. Ministry of Information and Communications (Vietnam). (2024). Vietnam Digital Transformation Index (VDX) 2024. Retrieved from https://dx.mic.gov.vn
XIV. Ministry of Public Security (Vietnam). (2023). Personal Data Protection Law and Implementation Guidelines. Retrieved from https://bocongan.gov.vn
XV. Ministry of Transport (Vietnam). (2023). Decision No. 950/QĐ-BGTVT – Smart Transport Development Plan to 2030.
XVI. Nguyen, T. H., & Le, M. Q. (2022). Integrated digital twin framework for urban transport in emerging economies. Journal of Urban Technology.
XVII. Portulans Institute. (2023). The Network Readiness Index 2023 – Vietnam Country Report. Retrieved from https://networkreadinessindex.org
XVIII. Singapore Land Authority. (2023). Virtual Singapore: A National 3D Digital Twin Platform for Urban Planning.
XIX. Smart Cities Mission – India. (2022). Urban Digital Twin Framework for Indian Smart Cities. Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of India.
XX. UK Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB). (2021). The Gemini Principles: Digital Twin Framework for National Infrastructure. University of Cambridge.
XXI. United Kingdom Department for Transport (DfT). (2022). Digital Twin Applications for Transport Infrastructure Management.
XXII. Viettel Group & Phenikaa MaaS. (2023). Smart Traffic Simulation and IoT-Based Transport Monitoring Projects. Internal Technical Report.
XXIII. World Bank. (2023). Handbook on Smart and Green Urban Transport in Asia. World Bank East Asia Office.
XXIV. World Bank. (2023). Vietnam Digital Economy Assessment Report. Retrieved from https://documents.worldbank.org
XXV. World Economic Forum (WEF). (2022). Digital Twin Cities: Shaping the Future of Sustainable Urban Development.
XXVI. World Smart City Forum. (2023). Global Digital Twin Strategies for Urban Infrastructure Management.

View | Download

Abstract:

Over the past five years, the green building movement in Vietnam has seen remarkable growth, with certified projects emerging rapidly across the country. During 2010–2019, only 165 buildings met green building standards, whereas the 2020–2024 period saw a sharp increase to 394 projects, bringing the total to 559 certified green buildings with a combined floor area of 13.57 million square meters - surpassing the national targets of 80 green buildings by 2025 and 150 by 2030. Despite this impressive growth, the proportion of certified green buildings remains modest relative to the country’s potential, as the total certified area accounts for only a small share of the more than 100 million square meters of new construction each year. Meanwhile, greenhouse gas emissions from the construction sector remain high, posing challenges to Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 under COP26. This paper analyzes the theoretical foundations of green buildings, assesses the current development status in Vietnam, identifies the key challenges in implementation, and proposes several policy recommendations to promote this sector. The findings emphasize the necessity of stronger incentive policies, enhanced institutional capacity, public awareness, and the development of green materials and technologies to advance sustainable development goals.

Keywords:

Green buildings,Green building development,Legal framework,

Refference:

I. Anh, V. T. “Opportunities and Challenges for Green Credit Development in Vietnam.” E-Magazine of Industry and Trade, 2023.
II. Huong, T. “Vietnam Has 559 Green Buildings.” National Program on Economical and Efficient Use of Energy (VNEEP), 2019. https://tietkiemnangluong.com.vn/tin-tuc/pho-bien-kien-thuc/t42411/viet-nam-co-559-cong-trinh-xanh
III. Huyen, L. T. T., et al. “Developing Vietnam’s Green Real Estate Market: Challenges and Policy Recommendations.” Economy & Forecast Online, 2023.
IV. Institute of Construction Economics. Study on Developing Construction Investment Norms for Residential Buildings Based on Green Building Criteria. Ministry-level research project RD 09-21, 2023.
V. International Finance Corporation (IFC). EDGE Green Buildings Market Transformation. World Bank Group, 2024.
VI. Na, G. T. L. “Investment Incentive Laws for Green Buildings in Vietnam – Lessons from the United States.” USLC US Law Center, vol. 6, 2024.
VII. Statistical Yearbook of Vietnam. 2021–2024, Statistical Publishing House. https://www.gso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Sach-Nien-giam-TK-2021.pdf
VIII. Tung, D. “Vietnam’s Green Industrial Buildings Are Rapidly Increasing.” VnEconomy Magazine, 2020. https://vneconomy.vn/cong-trinh-cong-nghiep-xanh-viet-nam-dang-tang-manh.htm
IX. Van, T. T. Q. “Developing Green Economy in Vietnam: Current Situation and Solutions.” Institute of Industry and Trade Strategy and Policy, 2024. https://vioit.org.vn/vn/chien-luoc-chinh-sach/phat-trien-kinh-te-xanh-o-viet-nam–thuc-trang-va-giai-phap-5941.4050.html
X. Vietnam, Government. Decree No. 15/2021/NĐ-CP Detailing Several Contents on the Management of Construction Investment Projects. 3 Mar. 2021.
XI. Vietnam, Prime Minister. Decision No. 280/QĐ-TTg on the National Program on Economical and Efficient Use of Energy for the 2019–2030 Period. 13 Mar. 2019.
XII. Vietnam, Prime Minister. Decision No. 889/QĐ-TTg Approving the National Action Program on Sustainable Production and Consumption for the 2021–2030 Period. 24 June 2020.
XIII. Vietnam, Prime Minister. Decision No. 1393/QĐ-TTg on the National Green Growth Strategy. 25 Sept. 2012.
XIV. Vietnam, Prime Minister. Decision No. 1658/QĐ-TTg Approving the National Green Growth Strategy for the 2021–2030 Period. 1 Oct. 2021.
XV. World Green Building Council. World Green Building Council (WGBC). 2019. https://worldgbc.org

View | Download