Authors:
Victor Khomenko,Mikhail Utkin,DOI NO:
https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.13/2026.05.00007Keywords:
Karst,Sinkhole,Monitoring,Bench Marks,Physical Modeling,Prediction,Engineering Protection,Abstract
Well-known approaches to karst monitoring were analyzed, focusing on the assessment of dispersed soil layers overlying soluble rocks in covered karst areas. The advantages of using deep core markers as deformation sensors were examined. It was concluded that laboratory physical modeling in specially designed trays is an effective method for testing such monitoring systems. The experimental setup, including the testing equipment, deep core markers, and model materials, is briefly described, and the rationale for their selection is explained. The main experimental results are presented. In all tests, the monitoring system showed a clear response at the moment when the simulated karst cavity came into contact with the overlying dispersed soils, and characteristic spatial patterns of marker settlement were identified. In two experiments, surface settlement of the model was additionally observed. The results confirm that the proposed benchmark-based karst monitoring system can principally detect stress changes in overlying soils caused by the appearance and increase of a cavity.References:
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