Special Issue No. – 4, November, 2019

Abstract:

The paper aims is to investigate the relationship between the features of sukuk financing with energy efficiency in Malaysia. The study used a secondary data which are gathered from Bank Negara Bond InfoHub and Malaysia Energy Information Hub (MEIH) from 2014 until 2015. Throughout, this study uses multivariate regression analysis for dependent variable (DV): Energy efficiency and independent variables (IV): size of issues, coupon rate and yield to maturity. The result found that there is a significant impact between green sukuk financing towards energy sectors and positive relationship on size of issue and yield to maturity. The coupon rate has a negative relationship toward energy efficiency. Overall, the green sukuk financing directly have a contribution on energy efficiency in Malaysia by focusing on green sukuk projects financing in the Malaysia.

Keywords:

Green Sukuk,Financing,Energy,Efficiency,

Refference:

I. Ang, J. (2008). Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy
consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling, vol. 30, issue 2, 271-278.
II. Abdelaziz, E. A., Saidur, R., & Mekhilef, S. (2011). A review on energy saving
strategies in industrial sector. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(1),
150-168.
III. Alam, N., Arshad, S., & Rizvi, S. A. R. (2016). Do Islamic stock indices perform
better than conventional counterparts? An empirical investigation of sectoral
efficiency. Review of Financial Economics, 31(1), 108-114.
IV. Alvi, I.A. (2006), Increasing the Secondary Market for Islamic Bonds: Overview
and Considerations. Available at http://www.iifm.net (accessed 20 Mac 2011)
V. Alvi, I.A. (2007), Need for a Global Unified Islamic Bonds Market: Key
Challenges & Role of Islamic Financial Institution. Available at
http://www.iifm.net. (accessed 20 Mac 2011)
VI. Alshowaikh, F. (2008). “Overview of Malaysian Islamic Bonds Market”
Malaysia Islamic Financial Centre (MIF). See also URL
http://www.MIFmonthly.com
VII. Aziz, Z.A. (2007), “The challenge for a global Islamic capital market strategic
developments in Malaysia”. Keynote address Governor of the Central Bank of
Malaysia, at the Islamic Bonds Summit 2007. London.
VIII. Bauer, R., & Hann, D. (2010). Corporate Environmental Management and Credit
Risk. Maastricht: European Centre for Corporate Engagement (ECCE).
IX. Brealey, R., Myers, S., & Marcus, A. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance
(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
X. Bin, R. L. L., Roslen, S. N. M., Ibrahim, S. A., Yee, L. S., & Theam, T. S.
(2017). Feasibility Of Green Bonds Issuance In Malaysia Towards Financing A
Sustainable Future–A Conceptual Review Of Literatures.
XI. Clifford, C. (2008); Introduction to Islamic Bond. Available at
http://www.cliffordchance.com(accessed 20 Mac 2011)
XII. Emergingmarketsmonitor.com (2007), Indonesia: Rising deficit demands new
bond strategy. Available at http:// www.emergingmarketsmonitor.com(accessed
17 Mei 2011)
XIII. Ge, L., Han, C., & Liu, J. (2012). In situ synthesis and enhanced visible light
photocatalytic activities of novel PANI–composite photocatalysts. Journal of
Materials Chemistry, 22(23), 11843-11850.
XIV. Ge, W., & Liu, M. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Cost of
Corporate Bonds. CAAA Annual Conference, (ss. 1-55).

XV. Hang, L., & Tu, M. (2007). The impacts of energy prices on energy intensity:
evidence from China. Energy policy, 35(5), 2978-2988.
XVI. Hepbasli, A., Ozdamar, A. & Ozalp, N. (2001). Present Status and Potential of
Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey, Energy Sources, 23:7, 631-648, DOI:
10.1080/00908310118259
XVII. IFSB (2013). IFSB-IOSCO-SC Collaborate on Disclosure Requirements for
Islamic Capital Market Products. See also URL
https://www.ifsb.org/press_full.php?id=238&submit=more
XVIII. Jacobs. J. (2017, April 24). Green bond rising. Personal Wealth – The Edge
Malaysia, 4-5.
XIX. Kapusuzoglu, A., & Karan, M. B. (2013). The drivers of energy consumption in
developing countries. In Energy Economics and Financial Markets (pp. 49-69).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
XX. Kidney, S., & Oliver, P. (2014). Greening China’s financial market. Winnipeg:
The International Institute for Sustainable Development.
XXI. Manaf, I.A. (2007). ‘Islamic bonds (Islamic Bond): Its introduction and
application’. Available at http://www.sebi.ac.id/(accessed 7 January 2011)
XXII. Maria-Floriana Popescu, (2015). ‘The Economics and Finance of Energy
Security’. Procedia Economics and Finance 27 : 467 – 473.
XXIII. Martin, N., Worrell, E., Schipper, L., & Blok, K. (1994, March). International
comparisons of energy efficiency. In Proc. International Comparisons of Energy
Efficiency Workshop, Berkeley, California, USA (pp. 1-66).
XXIV. May, G., Stahl, B., Taisch, M., & Kiritsis, D. (2017). Energy management
in manufacturing: From literaturereview to a conceptual framework. Journal
of Cleaner Production, 167, 1464–1489. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.191
XXV. Mohd Saad, N. , Haniff , M.N. & Ali N., (2017). The Encumbrance of
Institutional Investor And Board Of Directors In Reducing Risk Of Default. 8Th
International Economics and Business Management Conference (Iebmc 2017).
XXVI. Novethic Research (2009). Green Funds: A sluggish market. See also URL
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ets/green_funds_2012.pdf
XXVII. Okereke, C. (2007). An Exploration of Motivations, Drivers and Barriers to
Carbon Management:: The UK FTSE 100 European Management Journal, vol.
25, issue 6, 475-486.
XXVIII. Securities Commission (SC) (2017). Retail bonds and sukuk market in Malaysia.
See also URL https://www.sc.com.my/retail-bonds-and-sukuk-market-inmalaysia/
XXIX. Shahrim, Z. (2006), “Islamic Bonds (Islamic bonds): A Malaysian perspective”.
XXX. Stiglitz, J. E (1974). “On the Irrelevance of Corporate Financial Policy”.
American Economic Review, 64, pp.851-866.

XXXI. Thomas, A. K.(2007). “Malaysia’s Importance to the Islamic Bonds Market”:
March 2007 Report. American Journal of Islamic Finance. Available at
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XXXII. Volz, U. (2015a): Towards a Sustainable Financial System in Indonesia. Geneva
and Washington, DC: UNEP Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial
System and International Finance Corporation.
XXXIII. World Economic Forum. (2015). Hämtat från World Economic Forum. Retrieved
from see also URL http://reports.weforum.org/green-investing 2013/reducingthe-
cost-of-capital-for green-projects

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Abstract:

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a calcium phosphate based bioceramics and a basic mineral component of teeth and bones of vertebrates. Its chemical and crystallographic features are similar to the inorganic segment of bone. In this paper, the comparative crystallographic and morphological analyses of nanocrystalline HAP extracted from bovine bone by calcination treatment were reported. The characterizations of the extracted HAP were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD analysis revealed that extracted HAP has a hexagonal crystal structure and crystallite size was in the range of 7.2-73.1 nm. Crystallinity degree and crystallite size gradually increased with the intensification of calcination temperature from 700-1100 °C. The lattice parameters and unit cell volume of extracted HAP were calculated using the standard least-squares equation and were analogous to reference ICCD (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) data. FESEM observation confirmed the hexagonal rod like structure. However, crystallographic and morphological properties of HAP extracted at different calcination temperatures (700°C, 900°C and 1100°C) are slightly different due to the presence of the important biological ions that are essential for bone growth. It is also revealed that the process of calcination prompts a change of the lattice parameter, resulting in lattice readjustment after the discharge of lattice carbonate and lattice water that cause an increase in crystallinity and crystal size.

Keywords:

Bovine Bone,Hydroxyapatite,Nanocrystalline,Calcination,Crystallographic properties,

Refference:

I. Akram, M., Ahmed, R., Shakir, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., & Hussain, R. (2014).
J. Mater. Sci., 49, 1461.
II. Bano, N., Jikan, S. S. B., Basri, H. B., Bakar, S. A. B. S. A., & Nuhu, A. H.
(2017). J. Sci. Technol., 9, 22.
III. Barakat, N. A. M., Khil, M. S., Omran, A. M., Sheikh, F. A., & Kim, H. Y.
(2009). J. Mater. Process. Technol., 209, 3408.

IV. Cengiz, B., Gokce, Y., Yildiz, N., Aktas, Z., & Calimli, A. (2008). Colloids
Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 322, 29.
V. Champion, E. (2013). Acta Biomater., 9, 5855.
VI. Cox, S. C., Jamshidi, P., Grover, L. M., & Mallick, K. K. (2014). Mater. Sci.
Eng. C, 35, 106.
VII. Fahami, A., Beall, G. W., & Betancourt, T. (2016). Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 59,
78.
VIII. Fahami, A., Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, R., & Nasiri-Tabrizi, B. (2011). Solid
State Sci., 13, 135.
IX. Fahami, A., & Nasiri-Tabrizi, B. (2014). Ceram. Int., 40, 14939.
X. Figueiredo, M., Fernando, A., Martins, G., Freitas, J., Judas, F., &
Figueiredo, H. (2010). Ceram. Int., 36, 2383.
XI. Hiller, J. C., Thompson, T. J. U., Evison, M. P., Chamberlain, A. T., & Wess,
T. J. (2003). Biomaterials, 24, 5091.
XII. Khoo, W., Nor, F. M., Ardhyananta, H., & Kurniawan, D. (2015). Procedia
Manuf., 2, 196.
XIII. Landi, E., Landi, E., Tampieri, A., Celotti, G., & Sprio, S. (2000). J. Eur.
Ceram. Soc., 20, 2377.
XIV. Lin, K., Wu, C., & Chang, J. (2014). Acta Biomater., 10, 4071.
XV. Liu, J., Li, K., Wang, H., Zhu, M., & Yan, H. (2004). Chem. Phys. Lett., 396,
429.
XVI. Liu, Q., Matinlinna, J. P., Chen, Z., Ning, C., Ni, G., Pan, H., & Darvell, B.
W. (2015). Ceram. Int., 41, 6149.
XVII. Londoño-Restrepo, S. M., Ramirez-Gutierrez, C. F., Del Real, A., Rubio-
Rosas, E., & Rodriguez-García, M. E. (2016). J. Mater. Sci., 1.
XVIII. Miyaji, F., Kono, Y., & Suyama, Y. (2005). Mater. Res. Bull., 40, 209.
XIX. Murugan, R., & Ramakrishna, S. (2005). Cryst. Growth Des., 5, 111.
XX. Murugan, R., Rao, K. P., & Sampath Kumar, T. S. (2003). Bull. Mater. Sci.,
26, 523.
XXI. Niakan, A., Ramesh, S., Hamdi, M., Jahanshahi, A., Tan, C. Y., Ching, Y. C.,
& Tolouei, R. (2014). Mater. Res. Innov., 18, 117.
XXII. Ooi, C. Y., Hamdi, M., & Ramesh, S. (2007). Ceram. Int., 33, 1171.
XXIII. Pramanik, S., Hanif, A., Pingguan-Murphy, B., & Abu Osman, N. (2012).
Materials (Basel)., 6, 65.
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4539.
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Biomaterials. Tsinghua University Press; World Scientific.
XXVI. Wang, X. Y., Zuo, Y., Huang, D., Hou, X. D., & Li, Y. B. (2010). Biomed.
Environ. Sci., 23, 473.

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Abstract:

This paper reports a field-scale study to detect differences in the amount of vegetation and chlorophyll content of crops using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) fitted with a multispectral camera. The purpose of this study, on the experimental farm of Niigata University, Niigata, Japan, was to identify poorly-growing areas of vegetation that might require additional soil fertilizer. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference red edge (NDRE) were obtained from five spectral band images (red, green, blue, infrared (NIR) and red edge (REDGE)) that were processed by software into a full image map. We used the image map obtained to analyze the farmland and identify variations in the greenness of plants. We compared two layers with different indices and indicated differences in vegetation activity for NDVI and NDRE. NDVI showed visible green color wherever vegetation was present. With NDRE we observed crops with low chlorophyll content, indicating nitrogen limitation in the leaves. These observations demonstrate the efficacy of using NDRE as a sensitive index for monitoring chlorophyll content. Therefore, we propose that different indices may be most useful for different crops, plant density, seeding rates and growth stages.

Keywords:

UAV,NDVI,NDRE,Chlorophyll,

Refference:

I. Berni J, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Suarez L and Fereres E (2009). Thermal and
narrowband multispectral remote sensing for vegetation monitoring from an
unmanned aerial vehicle. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens, 47(3):722–7.
II. Boiarskii B and Hasegawa H (2017). Technologies of cartography and field
monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Actual problems of
agroindustrial complex: a view of young researchers, Smolensk State
Agricultural Academy, pp. 213–216. See also URL https://elibrary.ru

III. Carlson TN and Ripley DA (1997). On the relation between NDVI, fractional
vegetation cover, and leaf area index. Remote Sens. Environ., 62: 241–252.
IV. Carter GA and Knapp AK (2001). Leaf optical properties in higher plants:
linking spectral characteristics to stress and chlorophyll concentration. Am. J.
Bot., 88: 677–684.
V. Homolova L, Maenovsky Z, Clevers J, Garcia-Santos G and Schaepman ME
(2013). Review of optical-based remote sensing for plant trait mapping. Ecol.
Complexity, 15: 1–16.
VI. Tucker CJ (1979). Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for
monitoring vegetation. Remote Sensing of Environment, 8(2): 127–150.
VII. Whelan BM and McBratney, AB (2012). Downscaling for site-specific crop
management needs? In: B. Minasny, BP Malone and AB McBratney (eds),
Digital Soil Assessments and Beyond, Taylor and Francis, pp. 353–35.

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Abstract:

During the last two decades, we easily see that the World Wide Web’s link structure is modeled as the directed graph. In this paper, we will model the World Wide Web’s link structure as the directed hypergraph. Moreover, we will develop the PageRank algorithm for this directed hypergraph. Due to the lack of the World Wide Web directed hypergraph datasets, we will apply the PageRank algorithm to the metabolic network which is the directed hypergraph itself. The experiments show that our novel PageRank algorithm is successfully applied to this metabolic network.

Keywords:

Directed Hypergraph,Laplacian,Metabolic Network,Pagerank Algorithm,

Refference:

I. Brin, Sergey, and Lawrence Page. “The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual
web search engine.” Computer networks and ISDN systems 30.1-7 (1998):
107-117.
II. Bonato, Anthony. A course on the web graph. Vol. 89. American
Mathematical Soc., 2008.
III. Ausiello, Giorgio, Paolo G. Franciosa, and Daniele Frigioni. “Directed
hypergraphs: Problems, algorithmic results, and a novel decremental
approach.” Italian conference on theoretical computer science. Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg, 2001.
IV. Ducournau, Aurélien, and Alain Bretto. “Random walks in directed
hypergraphs and application to semi-supervised image
segmentation.” Computer Vision and Image Understanding 120 (2014):
91-102.
V. http://systemsbiology.ucsd.edu/Downloads/EcoliCore

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Abstract:

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) machine in this project is developed with Rehabilitation hand to enhance and amplify the motor function feedback for the subject to strengthen then connection between the muscle activation and brain activities in order to recover their paralyzed motor function. In this paper, the highlight will be on Reality and Virtual Control analysis of the BCI ma-chine accuracy in control for 10 different subjects. The classifiers LDA and ESD will be used in the BCI machine. The EEG coverage area is F7, F8, FC5, FC6, F3 and F4. The aim of the project is to have a system that is controlled by Electroencephalogram (EEG) BCI that improves Neuroplasticity Brain activation for Rehabilitation of Stroke Patient on Finger-hand paresis. The BCI analysis is focused on temporal information features extractions. The outcome of the project achieved overall control accuracy for manual control is 40% and for auto control is 30% in online BCI, which is promising.

Keywords:

Exoskeleton,Rehabilitation,Brain Computer Interface,Real-time processing,Reality and Virtual Control,

Refference:

I. Ang, K. And Guan, C. (2013) Brain-Computer Interface in Stroke
Rehabilitation. Journal of Computing Science and Engineering. 7(2). p. 139-
146.
II. World Heart Federation (2017) World Heart Federation. [Online] Available
at: http://www.world-heart-federation.org/cardiovascular-health/stroke/
[Accessed 10 April 2017].
III. Shindo, K., Kawashima, K., Ushiba, J., Ota, N., Ito, M., Ota, T., Kimura, A.,
And Liu, M. (2011) Effects of Neurofeedback training with an
Electroencephalogram-Based-Brain-Computer Interface for Hand Paralysis in
Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Preliminary Case series study. J Rehabil
Med. p. 951-957.
IV. Lotte, F. (2014) Chapter 7: A Tutorial on EEG Signal Processing Techniques
for Mental State Recognition in Brain-Computer Interface. In: Guide to
Brain-Computer Music Interfacing. s.l.:Springer.Booklet A. (1994). Booklet
title. On the WWW, at http://www.abc.edu,May. PDF file.

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Abstract:

The aim of the project is to rehabilitate the wrist of a stroke patient for three different wrist movements. The system develop is a continuous motion machine that has both active and passive motion mode which has three rehabilitation modes. The method used to solve this is to have a modular design that is able to be configured easily to different rehabilitation modes. The developed system has a position sensor, a motor and a controller The outcome achieved by the overall system is 70%-90%. The flexion and extension mode is able to achieve an accuracy of 70%-90%, radial and ulnar is between 70%-85% and supination and pronation and is between 65%- 85%. The limitation of the system is the angle sensor which has a non-working area, the precision of the angular movement of the motor varies from the system and the mounting mechanism of the motor has some stability issues. The future works of the system is to have a stepper motor with precise angle movement, better motor mounting mechanism to increase stability.

Keywords:

Wrist Rehabilitation,Android Application,Passive Motion Rehabilitation,Active Motion Rehabilitation,Wrist Motions,

Refference:

I. Bouzit, M., Burdea, G., Popescu, G., And Boian, R. (2002). The Rugers
Master Ii – New Design Force Feedback Glove. Ieee/Asme Transactions On
Mechatronics, 7(2). P. 8.
II. Anon., 2015. Stroke Association. [Online], Available at:
https://www.stroke.org.uk/
III. [Accessed yuesday May 2017].
IV. Wayne, J. (2005). Mosby’s Dictionary Of Complementary And Alternative
Medicine. Michigan: Elsevier Mosby.
V. Ormarkulov, N., Telegenov, Kuat., Zeunullin, Maralbek, Z., Illiyas, T. And
Shintemirov, Almas. (2016). Prelimary Mechanical Design Of Nu-Wrist: A
3-Dof Self-Aligning Wrist Rehabilitation Robot. Biomedical Robotics And
Biomechatronics (Biorob). 26th – 29th June 2016. Pp. 6.
VI. Beekhuis et al., J. H., 2013. 2013 IEEE International. Design of a selfaligning
3-DOF actuated exoskeleton for diagnosis and traning of wrist and
forearm after stroke, p. 6.

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Abstract:

Protectors of motorcycle riders should be light and safe. This work deals with the impact test of the shoulder protectors, which differ with the use of foams of different densities. The acceleration and displacement of an impactor having the mass of five kilograms were measured. The impactor dropped from a height of one meter. For each sample, two impacts were used. The results show how the use of the different foams affects the deceleration of the impactor and the distance between the impactor and the base block (compression of the protector). Moreover, the results show how the deceleration and the distance change when the impact is repeated. The ideal protector would have low density, low maximum impact deceleration, low maximum protector compression, and its properties would not change when impact is repeated. The foam with good compromise properties was evaluated.

Keywords:

Impact,Foam,Protector,Motorcycle,Personal protective equipment,

Refference:

I. de Rome L, Ivers R, Fitzharris
Richardson D (2011). Motorcycle protective clothing: Protection from injury
or just the weather? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43 (6): 1983
II. de Rome L, Ivers R, Fitzharris M, Du W, Haworth N, Heritier S, and
Richardson D (2011). Motorcycle protective clothing: Protection from injury
or just the weather? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43 (6): 1983
III. EN 1621-1 (2012). Motorcyclists’ protective clothing against mechanical
impact – Part 1: Motorcyclists’ limb and test methods.
IV. Hynčík L, Bońkowski T, and Kottner R (2018). Virtual assessment of
motorcycle helmet contribution to decreasing injury risk in impact. In
Proceedings of the 37
V. Saber S, Lweis F, Ahmad FAH, Romol NA, Tawan HA, Monir A, and
Umran M (2014). On the comparison of the traffic noise in different
countries. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 1(3): 1-10.

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Abstract:

Basalt fibers (BF) have become intriguing nowadays for infrastructural and civil engineering applications due to the concern about mechanical properties, thermal and chemical resistance, and also environmental friendliness. Mass production of high-strength concrete (HSC) in Russia is mainly associated with the use of organomineral modifiers of the MB series, containing in their composition microsilica, fly ash, hardening regulator and superplasticizer C-3 in different ratios. In our study we produced HSC specimens (without BF, and with 1 wt.% chopped BF) using the modifier MB10-30, with the dimensions of 100x100x100 mm and 100x100x400 mm. The compressive strength, the tensile strength at bending, the strength at axial tension and the cracking moment, at the curing periods of 7, 14, 28, 60 days, have been determined. The results showed that the inclusion of BF in MB modifier based HSC resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength, however, significantly enhanced its tensile behavior.

Keywords:

Basalt Fiber,High-Strength Concrete,Compressive Strength,Tensile Strength At Bending,Strength At Axial Tension, Cracking Moment,

Refference:

I. Afroz M., Patnaikuni I., Venkatesan S. (2017). Chemical durability and
performance of modified basalt fiber in concrete medium. Construction and
Building Materials, 154: 191-203.
II. Ayub T., Shafiq N., M. Nuruddin F. (2014). Mechanical Properties of Highperformance
Concrete Reinforced with Basalt Fibers. Procedia Engineering,
77: 131-139.
III. Borhan T.M. (2012). Properties of glass concrete reinforced with short basalt
fibre. Materials & Design, 42: 265-271.
IV. Branston J., Das S., Kenno S.Y., Taylor C. (2016). Influence of basalt fibres
on free and restrained plastic shrinkage. Cement and Concrete Composites,
74: 182-190.
V. Branston J., Das S., Kenno S.Y., Taylor C. (2016). Mechanical behaviour of
basalt fibre reinforced concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 124:
878-886.

VI. Design Code SP 63.13330.2012 (2015), Concrete and Reinforced Concrete
Structures: Design Requirements. Ministry of Regional Development of the
Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. Available online at:
http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200095246
VII. Dong J.F., Wang Q.Y., Guan Z.W. (2017). Material properties of basalt fibre
reinforced concrete made with recycled earthquake waste. Construction and
Building Materials, 130: 241-251.
VIII. GOST 10180-2012 (2013). Concretes: Methods for Strength Determination
using Reference Specimens. CIS Interstate Standard. Standartinform,
Moscow, Russia. Available online at: http://gostexpert.ru/gost/gost-10180-
2012
IX. High C., Seliem H.M., El-Safty A., Rizkalla S.H. (2015). Use of basalt fibers
for concrete structures. Construction and Building Materials, 96: 37-46.
X. Jiang C., Fan K., Wu F., Chen D. (2014). Experimental study on the
mechanical properties and microstructure of chopped basalt fibre reinforced
concrete. Materials & Design, 58: 187-193.
XI. Kabay N. (2014). Abrasion resistance and fracture energy of concretes with
basalt fiber. Construction and Building Materials, 50: 95-101.
XII. Kaprielov S.S., Sheynfeld A.V., Al-Omais Dz., Zaitsev A.S. (2017). High-
Strength Concretes in Constructions of Foundations of the High-Rise
Complex “OKO” in MIBC “Moscow-City”. Industrial and Civil
Construction, 3: 53-57. Available online at:
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28868869
XIII. Karpenko N.I., Mishina A.V., Travush V.I. (2015). Impact of Growth on
Physical, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of High Strength Steel
Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Procedia Engineering, 111: 390-397.
XIV. Katkhuda H., Shatarat N. (2017). Improving the mechanical properties of
recycled concrete aggregate using chopped basalt fibers and acid treatment.
Construction and Building Materials, 140: 328-335.
XV. Kizilkanat A.B., Kabay N., Akyüncü V., Chowdhury S., Akça A.H. (2015).
Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of basalt and glass fiber
reinforced concrete: An experimental study. Construction and Building
Materials, 100: 218-224.
XVI. Pehlivanlı Z.O., Uzun İ., Demir İ. (2015). Mechanical and microstructural
features of autoclaved aerated concrete reinforced with autoclaved
polypropylene, carbon, basalt and glass fiber. Construction and Building
Materials, 96: 428-433.
XVII. Sadrmomtazi A., Tahmouresi B., Saradar A. (2018). Effects of silica fume on
mechanical strength and microstructure of basalt fiber reinforced
cementitious composites (BFRCC). Construction and Building Materials,
162: 321-333.
XVIII. Zak P., Ashour T., Korjenic A., Korjenic S., Wu W. (2016). The influence of
natural reinforcement fibers, gypsum and cement on compressive strength of
earth bricks materials. Construction and Building Materials, 106: 179-188.

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Abstract:

In monolithic construction, when manufacturing reinforcing articles on a construction site, technological requirements for the bending of rods may not always be observed. In various regulatory documents, there are differences in the technological requirements for this operation. The article presents the results of studies of the stressstrain state of reinforcement in the manufacture of clamps, pins and other products related to the bending of rods. Normative requirements and calculated values of limiting relative deformations for various classes of reinforcement and mandrel diameters are given. The recommendations of norms on the diameters of rods and mandrels in the manufacture of bent rods are checked and refined. The relative elongations or shortening of the fibers of the rod are determined by the difference in arc lengths of the midline and arc at a distance x from the midline. According to the results of the work, graphs of the distribution of the relative elongations of the rods are presented for different diameters of the mandrels as a function of the distance from the axis of the section. Plastic deformations develop practically over the entire cross-sectional area of the rod. The use of mandrels with radius less than R = 5r at the bending of armatures А400 and А500S is connected by the risk of cracking, delamination or destruction of the rod. The use of mandrels made from reinforcing bars A240 with mandrels of radius R = 2r is unacceptable, since edge deformations reach 35%, which exceeds the normative values and leads to the destruction of the rod. Also, the boundaries of the ratio of mandrel diameters for smooth reinforcement A240 and periodic A500S are presented. The results of this study can be used in practical work, as well as to establish the minimum mandrel diameters when using new types of reinforcement with other physical and mechanical properties.

Keywords:

Bending angle,Bending rod,Mandrel,Monolithic construction,Reinforcement,Reinforcement,clamp,Reinforcing bar,Reinforcing pin,Relative deformation,Rod armature,Steel stretching diagram,

Refference:

I. A manual for the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from
heavy concrete without prestressing reinforcement (to SP 52-101-2003)
(2005). Moscow.
II. ACI 318-05 (2004). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and
Commentary.
III. ASTM A82/A82M-07 (2013). Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain,
for Concrete Reinforcement, Withdrawn.
IV. BS 4466 (1989). Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and
cutting of steel reinforcement for concrete.
V. BS 8110 (2010). British Standart. Structural use of concrete.
VI. BS 970-1 (1996). Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied
engineering purposes. Part 1: General inspection and testing procedures and
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Abstract:

The location model is a familiar basis for discrimination dealing with mixed binary and continuous variables simultaneously. The binary variables create cells while the continuous variables are information that measures the difference between groups in each cell. But, if some of the created cells are empty, the classical location model rule is biased and sometimes infeasible. Interestingly, the analyses of previous studies have revealed that non-parametric smoothing approach succeeded in reducing the effects of some empty cells immensely. However, one practical drawback to the use of discrimination methods based on the location model is that the smoothing approach employed, its performance is severe when there are outliers in the data sample. The purpose of this paper is to extend these limitations of the location model with the presence of outliers and empty cells. Accordingly, a new location model rule called Winsorized smoothed location model is developed through the combination of Winsorization and non-parametric smoothing approach to address both issues of outliers and empty cells at once. Results from simulation manifests the improvement of the new rule as the rates of misclassification are dramatically declined even the data contains outliers for all 36 different simulation data settings. Findings from real dataset, full breast cancer, also clearly show that the newly developed Winsorized smoothed location model achieves the best performance compared to over than 10 existing discrimination methods. These revealed that the newly derived rule further enhanced the applicability range of the location model, as previously it was limited to the non-contaminated datasets to achieve tolerable performance. The overall investigation verifying the new rule developed offers practitioners another potential good methodology for discrimination tasks, as the rule very favourably compared to all its competitors except only one.

Keywords:

Outliers,Winsorization,Non-Parametric Smoothing,Location Model Rule,Misclassification Rate,

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