Journal Vol – 15 No -11, November 2020

SOME FEATURES OF PAIRWISE 𝜶−𝑻𝟎 SPACES IN SUPRA FUZZY BITOPOLOGY

Authors:

MD. Hannan Miah, Ruhul Amin

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00001

Abstract:

Four concepts of supra fuzzy pairwise 𝑇𝟎 bitopological spaces are introduced and studied in this paper. We also establish some relationships among them and study some other properties of these spaces.

Keywords:

Fuzzy set,Supra topology,Supra fuzzy bitopological space,,Good extension,

Refference:

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J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-11, November (2020) pp 1-11
MD. Hannan Miah et al
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XI. Kandil, A., A.A. Nouh and S. A. El-Sheikh. 1999. Strong and ultra separation axioms on fuzzy bitopological spaces. Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 105: 459-467.
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XIII. Mashour, A. S. ,Allam, A.A., Mahmoud, F. S. and Khedr, F. H. 1983: On supra topological spaces, Indian J. Pure and Appl. Math. 14(4), 502-510
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ON TRANSVERSAL VIBRATIONS OF AN AXIALLY MOVING BEAM UNDER INFLUENCE OF VISCOUS DAMPING

Authors:

Khalid H. Malik, Sanaullah Dehraj, Sindhu Jamali, Sajad H. Sandilo, Asif Mehmood Awan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00002

Abstract:

In this paper, a transversal vibration of an axially moving beam under the influence of viscous damping has been studied. The axial velocity of the beam is assumed to be positive, constant and small compared to wave-velocity. The beam is moving in a positive horizontal direction between the pair of pulleys and the length between the two pulleys is fixed. From a physical viewpoint, this model describes externally damped transversal motion for a conveyor belt system. The beam is assumed to be externally damped, where there is no restriction on the damping parameter which can be sufficiently large in contrast to much research material. The straightforward expansion method is applied to obtain approximated analytic solutions. It has been shown that the obtained solutions have not been broken out for any parametric values of the small parameter 𝜀. The constructed solutions are uniform and have been damped out. Even though there are several secular terms in the solutions, but they are small compared to damping.

Keywords:

Moving beam,Viscous Damping,Secular terms,Eigen functions,Straight-forward expansion method,

Refference:

I. A. Maitlo, S. Sandilo, A. H. Sheikh, R. Malookani, and S. Qureshi, “On aspects of viscous damping for an axially transporting string,” Sci. int. (Lahore)., Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 3721–3727, (2016).
II. Darmawijoyo, W. T. van Horssen, and P. Clément, “On a Rayleigh wave equation with boundary damping,” Nonlinear Dyn., Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 399–429, (2003).
III. K. Marynowski and T. Kapitaniak, “Zener internal damping in modelling of axially moving viscoelastic beam with time-dependent tension,” Int. J. Non. Linear. Mech., Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 118–131, ( 2007)
J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-11, November (2020) pp 12-22
Khalid H. Malik et al
22
IV N. Gaiko, “On transverse vibrations of a damped traveling string with boundary damping”. ENOC 2014.
V R. A. Malookani, S. Dehraj, and S. H. Sandilo, “Asymptotic approximations of the solution for a traveling string under boundary damping,” J. Appl. Comput. Mech., Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 918–925, (2019)
VI S. Dehraj, R. A. Malookani, and S. H. Sandilo, “On Laplace transforms and (in) stability of externally damped axially moving string”. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences., Vol. 15, No. 8, pp. 282–298, (2020).
VII. S. H. Sandilo and W. T. van Horssen, “On Boundary Damping for an Axially Moving Tensioned Beam,” J. Vib. Acoust., Vol. 134, No. 1, (2011).
VIII. S. H. Sandilo, R. A. Malookani, and A. H. Sheikh, “On vibrations of an axially moving beam under material damping,” IOSR J. Mech. Civ. Eng., Vol. 13, No. 05, pp. 56–61.
IX. Sunny Kumar Aasoori, Rajab A. Malookani, Sajad H. Sandilo, Sanaullah Dehraj, A.H. Sheikh, : ON TRANSVERSAL VIBRATIONS OF AN AXIALLY MOVING STRING UNDER STRUCTURAL DAMPING, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-8, August (2020) pp 93-108.
X. T. Akkaya and W. T. van Horssen, “On the transverse vibrations of strings and beams on semi-infinite domains,” Procedia IUTAM, Vol. 19, pp. 266–273, (2016).
XI. W. T. Van Horssen, “On the weakly damped vibrations of a string attached to a spring-mass -dashpot system,” J. Vib. Control., Vol. 9, No. 11, pp. 1231–1248, (2003).

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AN EXTENDED AND UNSCENTED KALMAN FILTERS SIMULATION AND DESIGN FOR A MOBILE ROBOT

Authors:

Rashid Ali, Muhammad Arshad

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00003

Abstract:

This research analyzes the design and simulation of a mobile robot using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The mobile platform has a differential configuration, where each track of a wheel is associated with an encoder. The EKF and UKF methods are used to integrate the measurements of a novel odometric system based on the optical mice and the measurements of a localization system based on a map of geometric beacons. Two different types of simulations have been performed for validating the results, either using the mouse-based odometric system or using the conventional wheel encoder-based odometric system, to compare and evaluate the errors made by each system.

Keywords:

Extended Kalman Filter,Unscented Kalman Filter,localization, odometry,encoder,optical mouse sensor,

Refference:

I. Antonelli,G. and S.Chiaverini,. Linear estimation of the physical odometric parametric parameters for differential-drive mobile robots. Springer Netherlands, Auton Robots, 23:59-68. 2007.
II. B. Subhojyoti, K. Amit, and P. Gupta, “On the noise and power performance of a shoe-mounted multi-IMU inertial positioning system,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2017), Sapporo, Japan, September 2017.
III. Cui, M., Liu, W., Liu, H., et al.: Extended state observer-based adaptive sliding mode control of differential-driving mobile robot with uncertainties. Nonlinear Dyn. 83(1–2), 667–683 (2016)
IV. Chen, X. et al. A novel UKF based scheme for GPS signal tracking in high dynamic environment. Proc. of 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA), Harbin, 2010, pp. 202-206.
V. Cimino, Mauro, and Prabhakar R. Pagilla. “Location of optical mouse sensors on mobile robots for odometry.” 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, 2010.
VI. Denis F. Wolf, Gaurav S. Sukhatme, “Mobile robot simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic environments,” Autonomous Robots, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 53-65, July 2005.
VII. Dahmen, H.; Mallot, H.A. Odometry for ground moving agents by optic flow recorded with optical mouse chips. Sensors 2014, 14, 21045–21064.
VIII. Dong, W.: Tracking control of multiple-wheeled mobile robots with limited information of a desired trajectory. IEEE Trans Robot. 28(1), 262–268 (2012)
IX. Doh NL, Choset H and Chung WK . “Relative localization using path odometry information”, Autonomous Robots. 21: 143-154.(2006)
X. F. Wang, Y. Lin, T. Zhang, and J. Liu, “Particle filter with hybrid proposal distribution for nonlinear state estimation,” Journal of Computers, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 2491–2501, 2011.
XI. Houshangi, Nasser, and Farouk Azizi. “Mobile Robot Position Determination Using Data Integration of Odometry and Gyroscope.” 2006 World Automation Congress.
XII. Iman Abdalkarim Hasan, Nabil Hassan Hadi, : ADAPTIVE PI-SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF NON-HOLOMONIC WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-2, February (2020) pp 236-25.
XIII. Kim, S.; Lee, S. Robust velocity estimation of an omnidirectional mobile robot using a polygonal array of optical mice. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, Changsha, China, 20–23 June 2008; pp. 713–721.
XIV. Lee D and Chung W (2006) Discrete-Status-Based Localization for Indoor Service Robots, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 53: 1737-1746.
XV. Lee, Wei-chen, and Cong-wei Cai. “An orientation sensor for mobile robots using differentials.” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 10.2 (2013): 134.
XVI. Pozna, C., Troester, F., Precup, R.-E., Tar, J.K., Preitl, S.: On the design of an obstacle avoiding trajectory: method and simulation. Math. Comput. Simul. 79(7), 2211–2226 (2009).
XVII. Rao S K, Kumar D V A N R and Raju K P 2013 Combination of pseudo-linear estimator and modified gain bearings-only extended Kalman filter for passive target tracking in abnormal conditions. Ocean Electron. (SYMPOL) p 3–8.
XVIII. Sousa, A.j., P.j. Costa, A.p. Moreira, and A.s. Carvalho. “Self Localization of an Autonomous Robot: Using an EKF to Merge Odometry and Vision Based Landmarks.” 2005 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation.
XIX. S. Kosanam and D. Simon, “Kalman filtering with uncertain noise covariances,” in Proceedings of the Intelligent Systems and Control (ISC ’04), pp. 375–379, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 2004.
XX. Tovar, Benjamin, and Todd Murphey. “Trajectory Tracking among Landmarks and Binary Sensor-beams.” 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (2012)
XXI. TesliÄ , Luka, Igor Å krjanc, and Gregor KlanÄ ar. “EKF-Based Localization of a Wheeled Mobile Robot in Structured Environments.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 62.2 (2010):187-203.
XXII. Ullah, I., Ullah, F., Ullah, Q., Shin, S.: Integrated tracking and accident avoidance system for mobile robots. Int. J Integrated Control Autom. Syst. 11(6), 1253–1265 (2013)
XXIII. Uyulan, C., Erguzel, T. and Arslan, E., 2017, September. Mobile robot localization via sensor fusion algorithms. In 2017 Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys) (pp. 955-960). IEEE.
XXIV. Wang, Z.P., Ge, S.S., Lee, T.H.: Adaptive neural network control of a wheeled mobile robot violating the pure nonholonomic constraint. In: Proceeding of the IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control, p. 51985203 (2004).
XXV. Younus Kawther K, Nabil H Hadi, : OPTIMUM PAATH TRACKING AND
CONTROL FOR A WHEELED MOBILE ROBOT (WMR), J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-1, January (2020) pp 73-95.

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HIGH DATA RATE WDM SYSTEMS-BASED GRAPHENE CARRIERS

Authors:

Saib Thiab Alwan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00004

Abstract:

In this paper, carrier's generation-based graphene with applicability for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems have been produced via an illumination of graphene by 980 nm. This technique allowed for servicing of a greater number of channels in a WDM system, and the carriers were able to travel in an optical channel with high data rate. Eight carriers, having a frequency spacing (FS) of 25 GHz and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 500 MHz, were created. These generated carriers were separately modulated with eight optical quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signals and subsequently optically multiplexed and transmitted to an optical fiber channel. At the receiver side, the received signal was demultiplexed, and the performance of the system was analyzed via calculating the error vector magnitude and constellation diagram of the entire system. Opti System version 17.1 and Matlab software are used for demonstration of WDM system and carrier generation.

Keywords:

WDM system,Graphene-based carrier,Frequency spacing (FS),Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK),Error vector magnitude (EVM),Eye diagram,

Refference:

I. Amulya Boyina, Praveen Kumar Kancherla, : Active Coplanar Wave guide Fed Switchable Multimode Antenna Design and Analysis, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-4, July-August (2019) pp 188-196.
II. A. Bekkali, C. Ben Naila, K. Kazaura, K. Wakamori, and M. Matsumoto, “Transmission analysis of OFDM-based wireless services over turbulent radio-on-FSO links modeled by Gamma-Gamma distribution,” IEEE Photonics J., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 510–520, Jun. 2010.
III. A. Hammoodi, L. Audah, and M. A. Taher, “Green Coexistence for 5G Waveform Candidates: A Review,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 10103-10126, 2019
IV. A. Hraghi, M. E. Chaibi, M. Menif, and D. Erasme, “Demonstration of 16QAM-OFDM UDWDM transmission using a tunable optical flat comb source,” journal of lightwave technology, vol. 35, pp. 238-245, 2016
V. A. M. Jaradat, J. M. Hamamreh, and H. Arslan, “Modulation Options for OFDM-Based Waveforms: Classification, Comparison, and Future Directions,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 17263-17278, 2019
VI. A. Mostafa and S. Hranilovic, “In-field demonstration of OFDM-over-FSO,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 709–711, Apr. 2012.
VII. Al Naboulsi M, Sizun H, De Fornal F. Fog attenuation prediction for optical and infrared waves. Opt Eng. 2004;43(2):319–29.
VIII. Amphawan A, Chaudhary S, Chan V. 2 × 20 Gbps-40 GHz OFDM Ro-FSO transmission with mode division multiplexing. J Eur Opt Soc-Rapid Public. 2014;9:14041.
IX. Amphawan A, Chaudhary S, Chan VWS. 2 × 20 Gbps-40 GHz OFDM Ro-FSO transmission with mode division multiplexer. Europ Opt Soc Rap Public. 2014;9:14041.
X. C. B. Naila, K. Wakamori, M. Matsumoto, A. Bekkali, and K. Tsukamoto, “Transmission analysis of digital TV signals over a radio-on-FSO channel,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 137–144, Aug. 2012.
XI. Chaudhary S, Amphawn A. 4 × 2.5Gbps=10Gbps RO-FSO transmission system by incorporating hybrid WDM-MDM of spiral phased LG-HG Modes. International Conference on internet applications, protocols and services, 978-967-0910-06-2. 2015.
XII. CH. S. N. Sirisha Devi, B. Vijayakumar, Sudipta Ghosh, : CACHING AND NETWORK RELATED SOLUTIONS FOR: 4G TO 5G TECHNOLOGY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.2, March-April (2019) pp 402-426
XIII. E. Wong, “Next-generation broadband access networks and technologies,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 597–608, Feb. 2012.
XIV. Foschini GJ. Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas. Bell Labs Tech J. 1996;1:41–59.
XV. Gupta MS. What is RF? Microwave Magazine, IEEE. 2002 August 6;12:16.10.
XVI. Haykin S. Communication system, 4th, 2000. “Pass Band Data Transmissions”, McMaster University, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., “PassBand Data Transmissions”, chapter 6, ISBN 0-471-17869-1.
XVII. K. Kazaura et al., “RoFSO: A universal platform for convergence of fiber and free-space optical communication networks,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 130–137, Feb. 2010.
XVIII. K. Mori, H. Takara, and S. Kawanishi, “Analysis and design of supercontinuum pulse generation in a single-mode optical fiber,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1780–1792, 2001
XIX. M. Matsumoto et al., “Experimental investigation on a radio-on-free-space optical system suitable for provision of ubiquitous wireless services,” PIERS Online, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 400–405, 2010.
XX. M. S. Chowdhury, M. Kavehrad, W. Zhang, and P. Deng, “Combined CATV and very-high-speed data transmission over a 1550-nm wavelength indoor optical wireless link,” in Proc. SPIE OPTO, 2014, Art ID. 901009.
XXI. N. Madamopoulos et al., “Applications of large-scale optical 3D-MEMS switches in fiber-based broadband-access networks,” Photon. Netw. Commun., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 62–73, Feb. 2010.
XXII. Polla DL, Wolfson MB, “RF MEMS integration present & futuretrends”, Radio-Frequency Integration Technology, RFIT, 2009.
XXIII. Refa HH, SIuss JJ, Jr., Refai HH, “The transmission of multiple RF signals in free-space optics using wavelength division multiplexing” Proceedings of SPIE Vol 0.5793, 2005.
XXIV. S. E. Alavi et al., “W-band OFDM for radio-over-fibre direct-detection link enabled by frequency nonupling optical upconversion,” IEEE Photon. J., vol. 6, no. 6, Dec. 2014, Art ID. 7903908.
XXV. Wake D, Nkansh A, Gomes NJ, Senior Member IEEE. Radio over fiber link design for next generation wireless systems. J Light Wave Technol. 2010;28(16):2456–64.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE HAVING STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT ADMIXTURE FOR MANAGING STORMWATER RUNOFF

Authors:

Yaqoob Shah, Fawad Ahmad, Dr. Muhammad Zeeshan Ahad, Muhammad Saleem

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00005

Abstract:

Pervious concrete technology is a special and reliable way of fulfilling increasing specifications for the climate. Pervious concrete is important in restoring groundwater, minimize erosion and converging flood water by absorbing rainwater and allowing it to seep through the land. Pervious concrete is comprised of coarse aggregate, Portland cement and chemical admixtures and is a building substance. It is somewhat different from standard concrete since there are little to no fine aggregates. The main objective of this project work is to study the densification and splitting tensile strength with the infiltration rate of pervious concrete. Also to do water quality test of rainwater after passing from 3 inches of the charcoal layer. The results concluded Compressive and splitting stability of Pervious concrete shows an extensive increment in strength when 2% of Ta titanium Dioxide is replaced by cement at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days.  At 28 Days mean compressive and splitting tensile strength (Having Strength Enhancement Admixture) comes up to be 2104.5psi and 531.4 psi respectively which is considerable for Pervious concrete.  From the infiltration rate test it can be concluded that as the percentage of gravel increases in the concrete mix, the permeability or infiltration rate increases. Infiltration rate ranges from 838.5 in/hr to 927.8 in/hr for the two concrete mixes M1 (1:0:2.5) and M2 (1:0:3) respectively. From the water quality test it can be concluded that when rainwater is passed from a 3inches layer of charcoal the PH value increase from 4.47 to 5.77 which can be used for cleaning and bathing in our houses. Hence it is recommended that 100% reduction of sand from concrete give significant mechanical strength and an increase of infiltration rate can be proposed for the roadway of parking and walking track. Also after passing rainwater from 3 inches layer it can be recommended for cleaning and Bathing Purposes.

Keywords:

Pervious concrete,strength enhancement admixture,Full sand Reduction,Mechanical Properties,Infiltration Rate test,Rainwater,water quality test using charcoal,

Refference:

I. A. Nagaraju, S.Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, : EFFECT OF BINDER CONTENT ON SUPER PLASTICIZER DOSAGE FOR SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-4, April (2020) pp 36-46
II. Adil Afridi, Atif Afridi, Farhan Zafar, : A REVIEW OF PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT & TEST ON GEO TEXTILE, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci.,Vol.-13, No.-5, November-December (2018) pp 114-126 .
III. Anderson, I.A., Suozzo, M. and Dewoolkar, M. M. (2013). “Laboratory & Field Evaluations of Pervious Concrete.” Transportation Research Center, University of Vermont.
IV. Ajamu, S.O., Jimoh, A.A. and Oluremi, J.R. (2012). “Evaluation of Structural Performance of Pervious Concrete in Construction.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(5), 829-836.
V. Arhin, S.A., Madhi, R. and Khan, W. (2014). “Optimal Mix Designs for Pervious Concrete for an Urban Area.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 3(12), 4250.
VI. Balaji, M.H., Amarnaath, M.R., Kavin, R.A. and Pradeep, S. J. (2015). “Design of Eco Friendly Pervious Concrete.” International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(2), 22-29.
VII. Chopra, M. and Wanielista, M. (2007). “Performance Assessment of Portland Cement Pervious Pavement.” Stormwater Management Academy, University of Central Florida.
VIII. Crouch, L. K., Cates, M. A., Dotson, V., J., Honeycutt, K. R., and Badoe, D. A. (2003) “Measuring the Effective Air Void Content of Portland Cement Pervious Pavements.” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, 25(1), 16-20.
IX. Crouch, L. K., Pitt, J., and Hewitt, R. (2007). “Aggregate Effects on Pervious Portland cement Concrete Static Modulus of Elasticity.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 19(7), 561-568.
X. Ghafoori, N. (1995). “Development of No-Fines Concrete Pavement Applications.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, 126(3), 283-288.
XI. Ghafoori, N., and Dutta, S. (1995). “Laboratory Investigation of Compacted No-Fines Concrete for Paving Materials.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 7(3), 183-191
XII. Jain, A.K. and Chouhan, J.S. (2011). “Effect of Shape of Aggregate on Compressive Strength and Permeability Properties of Pervious Concrete.” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(1), 120-126.
XIII. McCain, G. N. and Dewoolkar, M. M. (2009). “Porous Concrete Pavements: Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties.” School of Engineering, University of Vermont.
XIV. McCain, G.N. and Dewoolkar, M.M. (2010). “A Laboratory study on the effect of winter surface application on the hydraulic conductivity of porous concrete pavements.” TRB Annual Meeting, CD-ROM., Washington D.C.
XV. McCain, G. N. and Dewoolkar, M. M. (2009). “Strength and Permeability Characteristics of Porous Concrete Pavements.” School of Engineering, University of Vermont.
XVI. Neptune, A.I. (2008). “Investigation of the Effects of Aggregate Properties and Gradation on Pervious Concrete Mixtures.” Final Report, Civil Engineering, Clemson University.
XVII. Offenberg, M. (2005) “Producing Pervious Pavements.” Concrete International, 50-54.
XVIII. Patil, P. and Murnal, S.M. (2014). “Study on the Properties of Pervious Concrete.” International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 3(5), 819-822.
XIX. Schaefer, V., Wang, K., Suleimman, M. and Kevern, J. (2006). “Mix Design Development for Pervious Concrete in Cold Weather Climates.” Final Report, Civil Engineering, Iowa State University.
XX. Shah, D.S., Pitroda, J. and Bhavsar, J.J. (2013). “Pervious Concrete: New Era for Rural Road Pavement.” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 4(8), 3495-3499.
XXI. Singer, D.F. (2012). “An Examination of the Influence of Cement Paste on Pervious Concrete Mixtures.” Final Report, Civil Engineering, Clemson University.
XXII. Sriravindrarajah, R., Wang, N.D.H. and Ervi, L.J.W. (2012). “Mix Design for Pervious Recycled Aggregate Concrete.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 6(4), 239-246.
XXIII. Tennis, P. D., Leming, M. L., and Akers, D. J. (2004) “Pervious Concrete Pavements,” Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, and National Ready Mixed Concrete Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.

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ESTIMATION OF PLASTIC FINE ALTERED RIVER BED PERMEABILITY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

Authors:

Mohammad Adil, Mirza Muhammad, Raheel Zafar, Salma Noor, Neelam Gohar, Tanveer Ahmed Khan, Hamza Jamal

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00006

Abstract:

The permeability of the soil is one of the most important properties of an unlined earthen canal or river bed. Using fine plastic particles has experimentally proven to reduce soil permeability, but the experimental study of the effect of a variety of types of plastic fines and their percentages in riverbed soil is tedious work to do. Estimation of permeability of riverbed soil by altering it with plastic fines using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) may reduce this effort. Particle size distributions (PSDs) have a significant influence on the permeability of bed soils. Being able to predict the permeability of bed soil by knowing the PSDs may provide an easy approach to know the loss of water by percolation. This study has investigated the quantitative relationships between permeability and PSD indices using ANNs. The aim was to build a mathematical model capable of predicting the permeability of bed soil by PSD indices of choice. A model was built using ANNs including PSD indices as input and permeability as output. The model stated that the coefficients of curvature and uniformity (Cc) and (Cu) and effective particle size (D50) may be used to predict the bed permeability. The computational model was able to predict the effect of variation of PSD indices on bed permeability, thus allowing increasing the efficiency of the river bed, to ensure maximum downstream water supply, lesser seepage and percolation and better productivity. The test result has confirmed the efficiency of the developed ANN tool in predicting the bed permeability for different PSD combinations.

Keywords:

River,permeability,plastic fines,neural network,

Refference:

I. Abdul Farhan, Farman Ullah, Fawad Ahmad, Mehr E Munir, : Effect of Thin Layer on Bearing Capacity in Layered Profile Soil, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-3, May-June (2019) pp 597-608.
II. Alyamani, M. S. and Şen, Z. (1993) ‘Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity from Complete Grain-Size Distribution Curves’, Ground Water. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 31(4), pp. 551–555. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb00587.x.
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Macro-Scale Numerical Modeling of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Squat Pier Under In-Plane Shear

Authors:

Adil Rafiq, Muhammad Fahad, Mohammad Adil

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00007

Abstract:

Numerical modeling of brick masonry behaviour under different performance conditions has always remained a challenging task. Several modeling strategies have been developed for masonry, in general, through the course of time that have been simplified to speed up modeling and analysis duration. This ranges from a simplified strut model to a highly discontinuous micro-scale nonlinear model. With the current advent of high-speed computing and modeling tools, more realistic numerical modeling of masonry is now possible. In this paper, the strategy adopted is based on macro-scale modeling, where isotropic material properties are considered for the homogenous continuum. ABAQUS is used as a state-of-the-art finite element-based analysis and modeling tool. The Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model is used for simulating inelastic material behaviour of brick and mortar, which is available in the ABAQUS library. This material model can be used in both implicit and explicit schemes of integration but the explicit procedure is highly preferred as it overcomes the convergence issues. Various parameters required for CDP modeling of brick and mortar are adapted from literature. The model is assembled in two parts, first part is modeled for masonry with both elastic and plastic properties, while the other part simulates a rigid beam at the top of the masonry part to create a uniform in-plane shear loading effect. The masonry part has been fixed at the bottom with free vertical ends, while horizontal in-plane displacement was applied to the top rigid beam. The load-displacement curves were generated from these models for monotonic push, to compare them with the envelopes of experimental results, loaded similarly. Since brick masonry is a highly disjointed material, it is a complicated procedure to develop an exact model and predict its exact behaviour. However, the overall representative load-displacement curve developed numerically was in good agreement with the ones produced experimentally.

Keywords:

Macro-Scale,Masonry,Numerical Model,Squat Pier,Tension Stiffening,

Refference:

I. ABAQUS, (2016). “Analysis User’s Guide”, Version 6.8, Hibbitt, Karls-son & Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, Rhode Island, USA.
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IV. Aref A.J., Dolatshahi K.M., (2013) “A three-dimensional cyclic meso-scale numerical procedure for simulation of unreinforced masonry structures”, Computers and Structures 120: 9-27.
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X. Grecchi G., (2010) “Material and structural behaviour of masonry: Simulation with a commercial code”, Master’s Dessertation, Alme Ticinensis Universitas, Universita di Pavia.
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XII. Ghiassi, B. Soltani, M. and Tasnimi, A.A. (2012), “A Simplified Model for Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Shear Walls Under Combined Axial, Shear and Flexural Loading”, The International Journal of Engineering Structures, Elsevier, Volume 42, September 2012, Pages 396–409
XIII. Hemant B, Kaushik, Rai D.C., and Jain S.K., (2007), “Uniaxial Compressive Stress-Strain Model for Clay Brick Masonry”, Current Science, 92(4), Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, India, 25 February 2007, pp. 497-501.
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XVI. Masood Fawwad , Asad-ur-Rehman Khan, : Behaviour of Full Scale Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM), J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-3, May-June (2019) pp 65-82.
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INTEGRATED IoT BASED WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY MONITORING SYSTEM

Authors:

Muhammad Arsalan Wahid, Muhammad Noman

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00008

Abstract:

Smart and cost-effective solutions for water quality monitoring are gaining attention with the recent advancement in information and communication system technology.  This paper aims at the design and development of the internet of things (IoT) based low-cost and portable water quality and quantity monitoring (WQQM) system. The proposed system not only monitors the water quality but also monitors the amount of water being utilized by the consumer. The main objective of designing WQQM is to ensure both purity and conservation of water. The water quality meter measures six qualitative parameters of water viz. potential hydrogen (pH), water temperature, atmospheric temperature, turbidity, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Whereas, the water quantity meter measures the water level and water flow to calculate the amount of water being used.  A custom printed circuit board (PCB) is designed to integrate all the sensors for quality and quantity measurement. The results generated by the WQQM system are wirelessly transferred, using Wi-Fi, to the online monitoring system.

Keywords:

IoT,water quality,water quantity,TDS,pH,turbidity,

Refference:

I. Ahmad Bilal, Ameer Hamza, Sheeraz Ahmed, Zeeshan Najam, Atif Ishtiaq, : Synthesis and Characterization of PMMA Nanofibers for Filtration of Drinking Water, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-4, July-August (2019) pp 102-116.
II. A.S. Rao, S. Marshall, J. Gubbi, M. Palaniswami, R. Sinnott, V. Pettigrove, “Design of Low-cost Autonomous Water Quality Monitoring System”, International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), 2013.
III. A.N. Prasad, K.A. Mamun, F.R. Islam, H. Haqva Smart water quality monitoring system The University of the South Pacific. 2nd Asia-Pacific World congress on Computer Science and Engineering IEEE Conference (2015)
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VII. Md. Omar Faruq, Injamamul Hoque Emu, Md. Nazmul Haque1, Maitry Dey, N.K. Das, Mrinmoy Dey Design and implementation of a cost-effective water quality evaluation system IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh (2017), pp. 860-863.
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X. N. Vijayakumar, R. Ramya, “The Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality in IoT Environment”, International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT], 2015.
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XVI. WHO1972-73 Technical Report Series No.505, 532. World Health Organization, Geneva.

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ERROR ANALYSIS OF CLOSED NEWTON-COTES CUBATURE SCHEMES FOR DOUBLE INTEGRALS

Authors:

Kamran Malik , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00009

Abstract:

Numerical integration is one of the fundamental tools of numerical analysis to cope with the complex integrals which cannot be evaluated analytically, and for the cases where the integrand is not mathematically known in closed form. The quadrature rules are used for approximating single integrals, whereas cubature rules are used to evaluate integrals in higher dimensions. In this work, we consider the closed Newton-Cotes cubature schemes for double integrals and discuss consequent error analysis of these schemes in terms of the degree of precision, local error terms for the basic form approximations, composite forms and the global error terms. Besides, the computational cost of the implementation of these schemes is also presented. The theorems proved in this work area pioneering investigation on error analysis of such schemes in the literature.      

Keywords:

Cubature,Double integrals,closed Newton-Cotes,Precision,Order of accuracy,Local error,Computational cost,

Refference:

I. Bailey, D. H., and J. M. Borwein, “High-precision numerical integration: progress and challenges,” Journal of Symbolic Computation, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 741–754, 2011.
II. Bhatti AA, Chandio MS, Memon RA and Shaikh MM, A Modified Algorithm for Reduction of Error in Combined Numerical Integration, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 51.4, (2019): 745-750.
III. Burden, R. L., and J. D. Faires, Numerical Analysis, Brooks/Cole,Boston, Mass, USA, 9th edition, 2011.
IV. Burg, C. O. E. Derivative-based closed Newton-cotes numerical quadrature, Applied Mathematics and Computations, 218 (2012) 7052-7065.
V. Burg, C. O. E., and E. Degny, Derivative-based midpoint quadrature rule, Applied Mathematics and Computations, 4 (2013) 228-234.
VI. Dehghan, M., M. Masjed-Jamei, and M. R. Eslahchi, “On numerical improvement of open Newton-Cotes quadrature rules,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 175, no. 1, pp.618–627, 2006.
VII. Dehghan, M., M. Masjed-Jamei, and M. R. Eslahchi, “On numerical improvement of closed Newton-Cotes quadraturerules,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 165, no. 2,pp. 251–260, 2005.
VIII. Jain, M. K., S.R.K.Iyengar and R.K.Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Computation, New Age International (P) Limited, Fifth Edition, 2007.
IX. Malik K., Shaikh, M. M., Chandio, M. S. and Shaikh, A. W. Some new and efficient derivative-based schemes for numerical cubature. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mechanical Sciences, 15 (10): 67-78, 2020.
X. Memon K, Shaikh MM, Chandio MS and Shaikh AW, A Modified Derivative-Based Scheme for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 52.1, (2020): 37-40.
XI. Memon K, Shaikh MM, Chandio MS and Shaikh AW, A new and efficient Simpson’s 1/3-type quadrature rule for Riemann-Stieltjes integral, Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mechanical Sciences, 15 (11):, 2020.
XII. Memon, A. A., Shaikh, M. M., Bukhari, S. S. H., & Ro, J. S. (2020). Look-up Data Tables-Based Modeling of Switched Reluctance Machine and Experimental Validation of the Static Torque with Statistical Analysis. Journal of Magnetics, 25(2), 233-244.
XIII. Pal, M., Numerical Analysis for Scientists and Engineers: theory and C programs, Alpha Science, Oxford, UK, 2007.
XIV. Shaikh, M. M. “Analysis of Polynomial Collocation and Uniformly Spaced Quadrature Methods for Second Kind Linear Fredholm Integral Equations – A Comparison”, Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory. 2019, 7(4), 91-97.
XV. Shaikh, M. M., Chandio, M. S., Soomro, A. S. A Modified Four-point Closed Mid-point Derivative Based Quadrature Rule for Numerical Integration, Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol. 48 (2) 389-392 2016.
XVI. Walter Guatschi, Numerical analysis second edition, Springer Science business, Media LLC 1997, 2012.
XVII. Weijing Zhao and Hongxing, “Midpoint Derivative-Based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature”, Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol.2013, Article ID 492507, 10 pages, 2013.
XVIII. Zafar, F., Saira Saleem and Clarence O.E.Burg, New derivative based open Newton-Cotes quadrature rules, Abstract and Applied Analysis, Volume 2014, Article ID 109138, 16 pages, 2014.

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A NEW AND RELIABLE STATISTICAL APPROACH WITH EFFECTIVE PROFILING OF HARDNESS PRESERVING SAMPLES IN TIG-WELDING, THERMAL TREATMENT AND AGE-HARDENING OF ALUMINUM ALLOY 6061

Authors:

Umair Aftab , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Ziauddin Umer

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00010

Abstract:

Light metals and alloys are highly fascinated by aircraft industries due to their good strength-to-weight ratio, which is the prime requirement for aviation’s designers. Assembling of aircrafts components is often carried out using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, which is more acceptable for heat treatable aluminum alloys. We focus on the viable use of TIG welded assemblies of 6061 aluminum alloys to homogenize its hardness properties by heat treatment. Investigation proceeds by perceiving the effect of different precipitation hardening conditions on Aluminum alloy through their micro and macro-structural behavior and microhardness analysis. The statistical examination was conducted to evaluate the integrity of heat treated samples.  A new and efficient measure – the coefficient of reliability – is introduced to outline the best hardness preserving samples. The statistical analysis shows the effectiveness of the coefficient of reliability to outline the best samples. The experimental results show that the samples aged at 175oC for 12 hours preserve the hardness profile of the welded alloy. The result is also verified from the mean hardness, coefficient of reliability and standard deviation values and in agreement with literature.

Keywords:

6061-Al-alloy,Tungsten inert gas welding (TIG),Precipitation hardening,Micro and macro structures,Microhardness,Statistical analysis,

Refference:

I. Alipooramirabad H., A. Paradowska, R. Ghomashchi, and M. Reid, “Investigating the effects of welding process on residual stresses, microstructure and mechanical properties in HSLA steel welds,” J. Manuf. Process., vol. 28, pp. 70–81, Aug. 2017.
II. Boonchouytan W., J. Chatthong, S. Rawangwong, and R. Burapa, “Effect of Heat Treatment T6 on the Friction Stir Welded SSM 6061 Aluminum Alloys,” presented at the 11th Eco-Energy and Materials Science and Engineering (11th EMSES), 2014, vol. 56, pp. 172 – 180.
III. Chunli Y., L. Xiangchun, R. Yanbin, Z. Yiliang, and Z. Feifei, “Statistical Analysis and Countermeasures of Gas Explosion Accident in Coal Mines,” Procedia Eng., vol. 84, pp. 166–171, Jan. 2014.
IV. Davis J. R., “Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys,” in Alloying: Understanding the Basics, ASM International, 2001, pp. 351–416.
V. De Salazar J. M. G., A. Ureña, E. Villauriz, S. Manzanedo, and I. Barrena, “TIG and MIG welding of 6061 and 7020 aluminium alloys. Microstructural studies and mechanical properties,” Weld. Int., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 293–295, Jan. 1999
VI. DeCoursey W., Statistics and Probability for Engineering Applications. Elsevier, 2003.
VII. Demir H. and S. Gündüz, “The effects of aging on machinability of 6061 aluminium alloy,” Mater. Des., vol. 30, pp. 1480–1483, 2009.
VIII. Kim J.-Y., H. . Jeong, S. I. Hong, Y. Kim, and W. J. Kim, “Effect of aging treatment on heavily deformed microstructure of a 6061 aluminum alloy after equal channel angular pressing,” Scr. Mater., vol. 45, pp. 901–907, 2001.
IX. Kou S., Welding Metallurgy. John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
X. Malekan A., M. Emamy, J. Rassizadehghani, and A. R. Emami, “The effect of solution temperature on the microstructure and tensile properties of Al–15%Mg2Si composite,” Mater. Des., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2701–2709, May 2011.
XI. Menzemer C. C., E. Hilty, S. Morrison, R. Minor, and T. S. Srivatsan, “Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Strength of Three Aluminum Alloys Used in Light Poles,” Metals, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 52, Mar. 2016.
XII. Milkereit B., O. Kessler, and C. Schick, “Precipitation and Dissolution Kinetics in Metallic Alloys with Focus on Aluminium Alloys by Calorimetry in a Wide Scanning Rate Range,” in Fast Scanning Calorimetry, Springer, Cham, 2016, pp. 723–773.
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XVI. Polmear I., D. StJohn, J.-F. Nie, and M. Qian, “2 – Physical Metallurgy of Aluminium Alloys,” in Light Alloys (Fifth Edition), Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017, pp. 31–107.
XVII. Rajan R., P. Kah, B. Mvola, and J. Martikainen, “Trends in Aluminum Alloy Development and thier Joining Methods,” Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 383–397, 2016.

XVIII. Rambabu P., N. E. Prasad, V. V. Kutumbarao, and R. J. H. Wanhill, “Aluminium Alloys for Aerospace Applications,” in Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, Springer, Singapore, 2017, pp. 29–52.
XIX. Radhika chada1, N. Shyam Kumar, : INVESTIGATION OF MICRO STRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRICTION STIR WELDED AA6061 ALLOY WITH DIFFERENT PARTICULATE REINFORCEMENTS ADDITION, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-4, April (2020) pp 264-278
XX. Shah L. H., N. A. Abdul Razak, A. Juliawati, and M. Ishak, “Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded AA6061 Alloy Weldments Using Different Aluminium Fillers,” GSTF J. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, Aug. 2013.
XXI. Shaikh M. M., S.-R. Massan, and A. I. Wagan, “A new explicit approximation to Colebrook’s friction factor in rough pipes under highly turbulent cases,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 88, no. Supplement C, pp. 538–543, Sep. 2015.
XXII. Shaikh, M. M. , Massan, S-u-R. and Wagan, A. I. (2019). A sixteen decimal places’ accurate Darcy friction factor database using non-linear Colebrook’s equation with a million nodes: a way forward to the soft computing techniques. Data in brief, 27 (Decemebr 2019), 104733.
XXIII. Shan D. and L. Zhen, “10 – Aging behavior and microstructure evolution in the processing of aluminum alloys,” in Microstructure Evolution in Metal Forming Processes, Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp. 267–297.
XXIV. Sivaraj P., D. Kanagarajan, and V. Balasubramanian, “Effect of post weld heat treatment on tensile properties and microstructure characteristics of friction stir welded armour grade AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy,” Def. Technol., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Mar. 2014.
XXV. Smallman R. E. and A. H. W. Ngan, “Chapter 13 – Precipitation Hardening,” in Modern Physical Metallurgy (Eighth Edition), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014, pp. 499–527.
XXVI. Srbislav G., A. Ivan, K. Petar, J. Marko, B. Nikola, and G. Vojislav, “A review of explicit approximations of Colebrook’s equation,” FME Trans., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 67–71, 2011.
XXVII. Tiruveedula Prakash N. B., T.CH. Anil Kumar, Pagidi Madhukar, Balasubramanian Ravisankar4 , S.Kumaran5, Effect of back pressure and temperature on the densification behaviour of Al-Mg alloy, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-7, July (2020) pp 684-695.
XXVIII. Walpole R. E., Introduction to statistics. Macmillan, 1982.
XXIX. Wang S., Y. Huang, and L. Zhao, “Effects of different a ging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy joints welded by electron beam welding,” Chin. J. Aeronaut., Jul. 2017.
XXX. Wilcox R. R., Basic Statistics: Understanding Conventional Methods and Modern Insights. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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ON ORTHOGONALIZATION OF BOUBAKER POLYNOMIALS

Authors:

Nazeer Ahmed Khoso, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00011

Abstract:

In this work, we explore some unknown properties of the Boubaker polynomials. The orthogonalization of the Boubaker polynomials has not been discussed in the literature. Since most of the application areas of such polynomial sequences demand orthogonal polynomials, the orthogonality of the Boubaker polynomials will help extend its theareas of application. We investigate orthogonality of classical Boubaker polynomials using Sturm-Liouville form and then apply the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process to develop modified Boubaker polynomials which are also orthogonal. Some classical properties, like orthogonality and orthonormality relation and zeros, of the modified Boubaker polynomials, have been proved. The contributions from this study have an impact on the further application of modified Boubaker polynomials to not only the cases where classical polynomials could be used but also in cases where the classical ones could not be used due to orthogonality issue.

Keywords:

Orthogonalization,Boubaker polynomials,zeros,Recurrence relation,Gram-Schmidt process,Sturm-Liouville form,

Refference:

I. Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A. (Eds.). “Orthogonal Polynomials.” Ch. 22 in Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th printing. New York: Dover, pp. 771-802, 1972.
II. Ahmed, I. N. (2020). Numerical Solution for Solving Two-Points Boundary Value Problems Using Orthogonal Boubaker Polynomials. Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 25(2), 4.
III. Amlouk, A., Boubaker, K., & Amlouk, M. (2010). SnO2 thin films morphological and optical properties in terms of the Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme BPES-related Opto-Thermal Expansivity ψAB. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 490(1-2), 602-604.
IV. Andrews, G. E.; Askey, R.; and Roy, R. “Jacobi Polynomials and Gram Determinants” and “Generating Functions for Jacobi Polynomials.” §6.3 and 6.4 in a Functions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 293-306, 1999.
V. Andrews, G. E.; Askey, R.; and Roy, R. “Laguerre Polynomials.” §6.2 in Special Functions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 282-293, 1999
VI. Barry, P. (2013). On the connection coefficients of the Chebyshev-Boubaker polynomials. The Scientific World Journal, 2013.
VII. Boubaker, K. (2007). On modified Boubaker polynomials: some differential and analytical properties of the new polynomials issued from an attempt for solving bi-varied heat equation. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 2(6), 540-544
VIII. Boubaker, K. (2011). Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme (BPES) solution to Boltzmann diffusion equation in the case of strongly anisotropic neutral particles forward–backward scattering. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 38(8), 1715–1717.
IX. Boubaker, K., Chaouachi, A., Amlouk, M., & Bouzouita, H. (2007). Enhancement of pyrolysis spray disposal performance using thermal time-response to precursor uniform deposition. The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics, 37(1), 105-109.
X. Carlitz, L. “A Note on the Bessel Polynomials.” Duke Math. J. 24, 151-162, 1957.
XI. Chew, W. C., & Kong, J. A. (1981, March). Asymptotic formula for the capacitance of two oppositely charged discs. In Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 373-384). Cambridge University Press
XII. Dada, M., Awojoy ogbe, O. B., Hasler, M. F., Mahmoud, K. B. B., & Bannour, A. (2008). Establishment of a Chebyshev-dependent inhomogeneous second order differential equation for the applied physics-related Boubaker-Turki polynomials. Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal, 3(2), 329-336.
XIII. Dubey, B., Zhao, T.G., Jonsson, M., Rahmanov, H., 2010. A solution to the accelerated-predator-satiety Lotka–Volterra predator–prey problem using Boubaker polynomial expansion scheme. J. Theor. Biol. 264 (1), 154–160.
XIV. Labiadh, H., & Boubaker, K. (2007). A Sturm-Liouville shaped characteristic differential equation as a guide to establish a quasi-polynomial expression to the Boubaker polynomials. Дифференциальные уравнения и процессы управления, (2), 117-133.
XV. Milovanović, G. V., & Joksimović, D. (2012). Some properties of Boubaker polynomials and applications. doi:10.1063/1.4756326
XVI. Milgram, A. (2011). The stability of the Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme (BPES)-based solution to Lotka–Volterra problem. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 271(1), 157–158. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.002
XVII. Ouda, E. H., Ibraheem, S. F., & Fahmi, I. N. A. (2016). Indirect Method for Optimal Control Problem Using Boubaker Polynomial. Baghdad Science Journal, 13, 1.
XVIII. Shaikh, M. M., & Boubaker, K. (2016). An efficient numerical method for computation of the number of complex zeros of real polynomials inside the open unit disk. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 21(1), 86–91.
XIX. Slama, S., Bessrour, J., Boubaker, K., Bouhafs, M., 2008b. A dynamical model for investigation of A3 point maximal spatial evolution during resistance spot welding using Boubaker polynomials. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (03), 317–322.
XX. Yücel, U. (2010). The Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme for Solving Applied-physics Nonlinear high-order Differential Equations. Studies in Nonlinear Science, 1(1), 1-7.
XXI. Zhang, D. H., & Li, F. W. (2010). Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme (BPES) optimisation of copper tin sulfide ternary materials precursor’s ratio-related properties. Materials Letters, 64(6), 778-780.

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A NEW AND EFFICIENT SIMPSON’S 1/3-TYPE QUADRATURE RULE FOR RIEMANN-STIELTJES INTEGRAL

Authors:

Kashif Memon , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00012

Abstract:

In this research paper, a new derivative-free Simpson 1/3-type quadrature scheme has been proposed for the approximation of the Riemann-Stieltjes integral (RSI). The composite form of the proposed scheme on the RSI has been derived using the concept of precision. The theorems concerning basic form, composite form, local and global errors of the new scheme have been proved theoretically. For the trivial case of the integrator in the proposed RS scheme, successful reduction to the corresponding Riemann scheme is proved. The performance of the proposed scheme has been tested by numerical experiments using MATLAB on some test problems of RS integrals from literature against some existing schemes. The computational cost, the order of accuracy and average CPU times (in seconds) of the discussed rules have been computed to demonstrate cost-effectiveness, time-efficiency and rapid convergence of the proposed scheme under similar conditions.

Keywords:

Quadrature rule,Riemann-Stieltjes,Simpson’s 1/3 rule,Composite form,Local error,Global error,Cost-effectiveness,Time-efficiency,

Refference:

I. Bartle, R.G. and Bartle, R.G., The elements of real analysis, (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons, 1964.
II. Bhatti AA, Chandio MS, Memon RA and Shaikh MM, A Modified Algorithm for Reduction of Error in Combined Numerical Integration, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 51.4, (2019): 745-750.
III. Burden, R.L., Faires, J.D., Numerical Analysis, Brooks/Cole, Boston, Mass, USA, 9th edition, 2011.
IV. Dragomir, S.S., and Abelman S., Approximating the Riemann-Stieltjes integral of smooth integrands and of bounded variation integrators, Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2013.1 (2013), 154.
V. Malik K., Shaikh, M. M., Chandio, M. S. and Shaikh, A. W. : Some new and efficient derivative-based schemes for numerical cubature. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mechanical Sciences, Vol.-15, No.-10, October (2020) pp: 67-78, 2020.
VI. Memon K, Shaikh MM, Chandio MS and Shaikh AW, A Modified Derivative-Based Scheme for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 52.1, (2020): 37-40.
VII. Memon, A. A., Shaikh, M. M., Bukhari, S. S. H., & Ro, J. S. (2020). Look-up Data Tables-Based Modeling of Switched Reluctance Machine and Experimental Validation of the Static Torque with Statistical Analysis. Journal of Magnetics, 25(2), 233-244.
VIII. Mercer, P.R., Hadamard’s inequality and Trapezoid rules for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral, Journal of Mathematica Analysis and Applications, 344 (2008), 921-926.
IX. Mercer, P.R., Relative convexity and quadrature rules for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral, Journal of Mathematica inequality, 6 (2012), 65-68.
X. Malik Kamran, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh, : SOME NEW AND EFFICIENT DERIVATIVE-BASED SCHEMES FOR NUMERICAL CUBATURE, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-10, October (2020) pp 67-78.
XI. Mokhtar A. Abd El Naby, Nabil T. Mohammed El Dabe, : Numerical Solution And Global Error Estimation of Peristaltic Motion Of A Jhonson-Segalman Fluid With Heat and Mass Transfer In A Planer Channel, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol – 2 No -1, July (2007) 16-35
XII. Protter, M.H. and Morrey, C.B., A First Course in Real Analysis . Springer, New York, NY, 1977.
XIII. Ramachandran, T., D. Udayakumar, and R. Parimala, Comparison of Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean Derivative-Based Closed Newton Cote Quadrature, Progress in Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos, 4 (2016), 35-43.
XIV. Shaikh, MM., MS Chandio and AS Soomro, A Modified Four-point Closed Mid-point Derivative Based Quadrature Rule for Numerical Integration, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 48.2 (2016).
XV. Shaikh, M. M. “Analysis of Polynomial Collocation and Uniformly Spaced Quadrature Methods for Second Kind Linear Fredholm Integral Equations–A Comparison.” Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 7.4 (2019): 91-97
XVI. Zafar, F., S. Saleem and C. O. E. Burg, New Derivative Based Open Newton-Cotes Quadrature Rules, Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2014 (2014), Article ID 109138, 16 Pages. doi:10.1155/2014/109138.
XVII. Zhao, W., and H. Li, Midpoint Derivative-Based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature, Abstract And Applied Analysis, Article ID 492507, (2013).
XVIII. Zhao, W., Z. Zhang, and Z. Ye, Composite Trapezoid rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral and its Richardson Extrapolation Formula, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 35 (2015), 311-318.
XIX. Zhao, W., Z. Zhang, and Z. Ye, Midpoint Derivative-Based Trapezoid Rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 33, (2014), 369-376.

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A PIONEERING AND COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS FOR READY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXISTING AND NEW METHODS

Authors:

Huzoor Bux Kalhoro , Hafeezullah Abdulrehman, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Abdul Sattar Soomro

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00013

Abstract:

In this paper, we present a comprehensive database of the data tables of some important transportation problems from literature, and experience with the proposition of new initial basic feasible (IBF) solution methods for the transportation problems. The paper contains a comprehensive database of 140 transportation problems, of which 103 are balanced, 25 are unbalanced and 12 are from research papers. The detailed description of the varying-nature test problems is described, and the optimal solutions of the 140 problems have been obtained by using the TORA software with the modified distribution (MODI) method. The algorithms of three methods: North-West-Corner (NWCM), Least cost (LCM) and Vogel’s approximation (VAM) have been used for IBF solutions. The final optimal results are also quoted for the ready reference of researchers and practitioners. The database of problems and their optimal solutions will be a great aid to researchers and practitioners working with the existing and new methods for solving transportation problems. A pioneering investigation of the performance evaluation of NWCM, LCM and VAM has also been conducted as a benchmark for the similar assessment of other existing and forthcoming IBF and /or optimal solution methods for the transportation problems.  

Keywords:

Transportation problem,optimal solution,MODI method,TORA software,Minimum cost,performance evaluation,

Refference:

I. Adlakha, Veena, and Krzysztof Kowalski. “Alternate solutions analysis for transportation problems.” Journal of Business & Economics Research 7.11 (2009): 41-49.
II. Bhan, Veer, Ashfaque Ahmed Hashmani, and Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh. “A new computing perturb-and-observe-type algorithm for MPPT in solar photovoltaic systems and evaluation of its performance against other variants by experimental validation.” Scientia Iranica 26, no. Special Issue on machine learning, data analytics, and advanced optimization techniques in modern power systems [Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)] (2019): 3656-3671.
III. Chungath Linesh, “Comparison of Transportation Problems Solved by Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM-1958), Revised Distribution Method (RDI -2013) & The New Method”, available online, 2004 @ https://www.academia.edu/1137498
IV. Das, Utpal Kanti, et al. “Logical development of vogel’s approximation method (LD-VAM): an approach to find basic feasible solution of transportation problem.” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 3.2 (2014): 42-48.
V. Deshmukh, N. M. “An innovative method for solving transportation problem.” International Journal of Physics and Mathematical Sciences 2.3 (2012): 86-91.
VI. Goyal, S. K. “Improving VAM for unbalanced transportation problems.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 35.12 (1984): 1113-1114.
VII. Hakim, M. A. “An alternative method to find initial basic feasible solution of a transportation problem.” Annals of pure and applied mathematics 1.2 (2012): 203-209.
VIII. Islam Md Amirul, Aminur Rehman Khan, Sharif Uddin M and Abdul Malek M Islam. “Determination of basic feasible solution of transportation problem: a new approach.” Jahangirnagar University Journal of Science 35.1 (2012): 101-108.
IX. Jamali, S., Shaikh, M. M., & Soomro, A. S. (2019). Overview of Optimality of New Direct Optimal Methods for the Transportation Problems. Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 15(4), 1-10.
X. Jamali S., Soomro, A. S., & Shaikh, M. M. (2020). The Minimum Demand Method – A New and Efficient Initial Basic Feasible Solution Method for Transportation Problems. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 15 (10), 94-105.
XI. Korukoğlu, Serdar, and Serkan Ballı. “A Improved Vogel’s Approximation Method for the Transportation Problem.” Mathematical and Computational Applications 16.2 (2011): 370-381.
XII. Mamidi, Pushpa Latha. “Ones method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problem.” In Proceedings International Conference On Advances In Engineering And Technology, International Association of Engineering & Technology for Skill Development, 41-45, ISBN NO: 978 – 1503304048,
XIII. Massan, S.-u-R., Wagan, A. I., & Shaikh, M. M.. “A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by human dynasties with an application to the wind turbine micrositing problem.” Applied Soft Computing 90 (2020): 106176.
XIV. M. Wali Ullah, Rizwana Kawser, M. Alhaz Uddin, : A DIRECT ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR FINDING AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS, J. Mech.Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-9, No.-2, January (2015) Pages 1311-1320.
XV. M. A. Hossen, Farjana Binte Noor, Transportation Cost Effective named Maximum Cost, Corresponding Row and Column minima (MCRCM) Algorithm for Transportation Problem, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-1, January-February (2019) pp 241-249.
XVI. Pandian, P., and G. Natarajan. “A new method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” International J. of Math. Sci. and Engg. Appls 4 (2010): 59-65.
XVII. Pandian P. and Natarajan G. “A new approach for solving transportation problems with mixed constraints”, Journal of Physical Sciences 14 (2010): 53-61.
XVIII. Quddoos, Abdul, Shakeel Javaid, and Mohd Massod Khalid. “A new method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering 4.7 (2012): 1271.
XIX. Shaikh, Muhammad Mujtaba; Soomro, Abdul Sattar; Kalhoro, Huzoor Bux (2020), “Comprehensive database of test transportation problems (balanced and unbalanced)”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/b73b5kmcwm.1

XX. Sharma, S. D., Sharma Himanshu Operations Research, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, 2010
XXI. Soomro, A.S., S. Jamali, and M. M. Shaikh. “On Non-Optimality of Direct Exponential Approach Method for Solution of Transportation Problems.” Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 49.1 (2017): 183-188
XXII. Soomro, Abdul Sattar, Gurudeo Anand Tularam, and Ghulam Murtaa Bhayo. “A comparative study of initial basic feasible solution methods for transportation problems.” Mathematical Theory and Modeling 4.1 (2014): 11-18.
XXIII. Soomro, Abdul Sattar, Muhammad Junaid, and Gurudev Anand Tularam. “Modified Vogel’s Approximation Method for Solving Transportation Problems.” Mathematical Theory and Modeling 5.4 (2015): 32-42.
XXIV. Sudhakar, V. J., N. Arunsankar, and T. Karpagam. “A new approach for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” European journal of scientific Research 68.2 (2012): 254-257.
XXV. Taha, Hamdy A. Operations research: An introduction (for VTU). Pearson Education India, 2005.
XXVI. Unit 1, Lesson 15: “Methods for finding initial solution for a transportation problem” @ https://www.coursehero.com/file/10473072/3-TransportationProblem/
XXVII. Vannan, S. Ezhil, and S. Rekha. “A New Method for Obtaining an Optimal Solution for Transportation Problems.” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2 (2013).
XXVIII. Winston, Wayne L. “Transportation, Assignment, and Transshipment Problems.” Operations Research Applications and Algorithms, Duxbury Press, California (1994): 338.
XXIX. Yousaf, M., Shaikh M. M., & Shaikh A. W. (2020). Some Efficient Mathematical Programming Techniques for Balancing Equations of Complex Chemical Reactions. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 15 (10), 53-66.

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ADIATION SHIELDING EFFECT OF BASALT CONCRETE; AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Authors:

Engr. Furqan Wali, Manzoor Khan, Jahanzeb Khan, Maaz Ahmad, S.Ali Raza

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00014

Abstract:

This paper presents an assessment of gamma radiation performance, specifically in terms of attenuation energy, of concrete containing coarse aggregate having different physical and chemical properties. Basalt being heavier and somehow having high specific gravity is likely to have a good performance against gamma radiation. Through this paper, the author has made a comparison between the concrete having different coarse aggregates, normal aggregate phase and basaltic aggregate phase by evaluating the attenuation energies of both the phases at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar. Also, the water to cement ratio (W/C) for both the phases was distinguished i.e. 3.5 and 5.7 to make the results more promising and enabling to make the comparison effective. The test was likely to be conducted on Molds having 10 cm by 10 cm cross-section of each W/C ratio with varying thickness of about 2cm and will lead up to 10cm. The detecting device used was a phoenix teletherapy machine operating with a former type ionization chamber having an energy of 1.25 MeV. The source of radiation was Cobalt 60. The results indicated that basalt despite having strong physical properties is insufficient to be used for Gamma shielding. The two materials vary very little, so it is negligible to be used for a specific reason.

Keywords:

Basalt rock,Cobalt 60,W/C,Phoenix Teletherapy machine (PTW),

Refference:

I. Asad-ur-Rehman Khan, Tatheer Zahra, : Elasto-damage Modeling of Concrete Subjected to Proportionate and Non-proportionate Multiaxial State of Stress, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-2, March-April (2019) pp 7-26.
II. Abdo, W. Kansouh and R. Megahid, “Investigation of Radiation Attenuation Properties for Baryte Concrete”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 41, no. 1, 12, pp. 7512-7517, 2002. Available: 10.1143/jjap.41.7512 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
III. A. El-Sayed Abdo, M. Ali and M. Ismail, “Influence of magnetite and boron carbide on radiation attenuation of cement–fiber/composite”, Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 391-403, 2003. Available: 10.1016/s0306-4549(02)00074-9.
IV. M. Kharita, S. Yousef and M. AlNassar, “The effect of carbon powder addition on the properties of hematite radiation shielding concrete”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 388-392, 2009. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.10.002 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
V. C. Lee, Y. Lee and K. Lee, “Cracking effect on gamma-ray shielding performance in concrete structure”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 303-312, 2007. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2007.01.006 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VI. A. Ouda, “Development of high-performance heavy density concrete using different aggregates for gamma-ray shielding”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 79, pp. 48-55, 2015. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.11.009 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VII. Pignatelli, A. Kumar, R. Alizadeh, Y. Le Pape, M. Bauchy and G. Sant, “A dissolution-precipitation mechanism is at the origin of concrete creep in moist environments”, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 145, no. 5, p. 054701, 2016. Available: 10.1063/1.4955429 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VIII. Pignatelli, A. Kumar, R. Alizadeh, Y. Le Pape, M. Bauchy and G. Sant, “A dissolution-precipitation mechanism is at the origin of concrete creep in moist environments”, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 145, no. 5, p. 054701, 2016. Available: 10.1063/1.4955429 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
IX. .Rudnov, V. Belyakov and R. Galiakhmetov, “New Concrete for Protection from Radiation in the Urals Based on Natural Fillers”, Solid State Phenomena, vol. 284, pp. 1042-1046, 2018. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1042 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
X. Rudnov V., V. Belyakov and R. Galiakhmetov, “New Concrete for Protection from Radiation in the Urals Based on Natural Fillers”, Solid State Phenomena, vol. 284, pp. 1042-1046, 2018. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1042 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
XI. khan Imtiaz, Intikhab Ahmad, Fawad Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan Ahad, : Mechanical behavior of concrete having springs at different zones, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-3, May-June (2019) pp 385-392

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BLACKSPOTS IDENTIFICATION AND ACCIDENT ANALYSIS OF INDUS HIGHWAY (N-55)

Authors:

Muhammad Majid Naeem, Fazle Subhan, Kashif Yaqub, Muhammad Ikhlas Khan, Junaid Ahmad, Muner Khan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00015

Abstract:

Traffic accidents are unavoidable in human life therefore highway safety is one of the most important factors of transportation engineering. After the advent of National highways and freeways, developing nations including Pakistan is facing new dimensions of highway safety challenges, highway safety management demands more attention due to the involvement of high-speed dynamics. This study presents a method by which accident-prone locations commonly termed as Blackspots are been identified. A stretch of 188 KM of National Highway N-55 also known as Indus highway from Peshawar to Lakki Marwat has been selected for the study. Road traffic accident data was only available with local district police in a manual file record (First Investigation Report). Accident data were collected from nine police stations along the selected route for seven years i.e. from 2013 to 2019. After analysis, it was found that most of the accidents occurred due to over speeding and geometric problems. Moreover, it was also found that there are no proper pedestrian crossings. The data was analyzed month and year wise. Fourteen such locations on which five or more fatalities occurred were identified as blackspots.  The blackspots are within the range of 1KM.

Keywords:

Transportation engineering,High-speed dynamics,Accident analysis,Blackspots,

Refference:

I. Adeed Khan, Asif Subhan, Muhammad Hasnain, Mohammad Adil, Muhammad Amar Rafiq, 6Mehre Munir, : Identification of Risk Management in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Project Peshawar, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.2, March-April (2019) pp 87-99
II. Aziz Kamran , Kamran Ahmad , S.M. Tariq Shah, : TRUCK LOADING PATTERN AND ITS IMPACT ON PAVEMENT DESIGN, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-3, March (2020) pp 238-25.
III. Daud, N., and Ibrahim, K. (2007). “Ranking Accident Blackspots with reference to cost of accident using Hierarchical Bayesian Approach.” International journal of Energy and Environment, 1(2).

IV. Elvik, R. (2008). “State of the Art Approaches to Black Spot Management and Highway Safety Analysis for road Networks.” The Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) 883.

V. Hafeez, I., and Kamal,M.(2008). “Accidents Black Spots on Highways and Their Low Cost Remedial Measures”, Proceedings of Fourteenth International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 1 – 3 September 2008, Malta.

VI. Kockelman, K., and Ma, J.(2007). “Freeways speed and speed Variations Proceeding Accidents, within and Across Lanes.” Journal of the transportation Research 46(1) 43-62.

VII. Meuleners, L. B., Hendrie, D., Lee, A. H., and Legge, M. (2008). “Effectiveness of the Black Spot Programs in Western Australia.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(3), 1211- 1216.

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