ACCESSIBILITY EVALUATION OF MOBILE-BASED CITIZEN SERVICES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USERS

Authors:

Urooj Yousafzai,Muhammad Bakhsh,Abdus Salam,Sheeraz Ahmed,Asif Nawaz,Shahab Jan,Muhammad Aadil,

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.07.00002

Keywords:

Mobile Accessibility Framework (MAF),WAVE (Web Accessibility Versatile Evaluator),Accessibility Checker (Achecker),Accessibility Evaluation of Mob Apps Flow (AMAF),

Abstract

This research study presents the assessment of Pakistani Government Services (websites, mob apps, and mob web versions) for visually impaired users by using automated tools. The selected services are related to different categories of Pakistani Government Services having websites, mob apps, and mob web versions. This study uses four automated tools (Wave, Achecker, Web accessibility, and Accessibility Scanner) for assessment in which three tools are for websites and one tool for mob apps and their respective mob web version. Wave, Achecker, and Web accessibility tools are used for the assessment of websites while the Accessibility Scanner tool is used for the assessment of mob apps and their respective mob web versions. These tools apply the accessibility guidelines for websites, mob apps, and mob web versions of WCAG 2.0 and 2.1. After the assessment, the results showed that the majority of the services violate the guidelines of WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 which needs immediate attention of developers and services departments to avoid discrimination between normal users and people with impairments.

Refference:

I. “Fact Sheet on Persons with Disabilities,” [Online]. Available: https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities.html.
II. “Gartner. 2018. Worldwide Sales of Smartphones During the Fourth Quarter of 2017,” [Online]. Available: https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3859963.
III. “United Nations: World Statistics Pocketbook 2018 Edition,” 2018. [Online].
IV. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1,” W3C, [Online]. Available: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/.
V. “Worl Wide Web Consortium,” W3C, [Online]. Available: http://www.w3.org/.
VI. A. Ahmi and R. Mohamad, “Evaluating Accessibility of Malaysian Public Universities Websites using AChecker and WAVE,” Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2016.
VII. A. Medina, C. Guevara, J. Jadán-Guerrero, I. L. Nunes5, L. Salvador-Ullauri, P. Acosta-Vargas, , P. Lara-Alvarez, S. Sanchez-Gordon and T. Calle-Jimenez, “Accessibility Assessment in Mobile,” in Springer, Cham, 2019.
VIII. A. Mehmood and M. Bakhsh, “Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan,” in IEEE 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, 2012.
IX. A. P. Freire, A. G. S. Reis, F. S. Dias and M. C. N. Carvalho, “Accessibility and usability problems encountered on websites and applications in mobile devices by blind and normal-vision users,” in 33rd Annual ACM symposium on applied computing, 2018.
X. A. P. Freire, J. B. S. Vaz, L. C. Serra, L. P. Carvalho and L. P. Ferreira, “Accessibility Evaluation of E-Government Mobile Applications in Brazil,” in Procedia Computer Science 67, 2015.
XI. A. Schmetzke and D. Comeaux, “Web accessibility trends in university libraries and library schools,” in Library Hi Tech, 2007.
XII. C. PRIBEANU, R.-D. MARINESCU, P. FOGARASSY-NESZLY and M. Gheorghe-MOISII, “Web Accessibility in Romania: The Conformance of Municipal Web Sites,” Informatica Economică, vol. 16, 2012.
XIII. E.-S. Jeong, K.-R. Noh, M.-B. Kang, S.-J. Moon and Y.-B. You, “A study on the current status and strategies for improvement of web accessibility compliance of public institutions,” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, Springer, 2015.
XIV. F. Kamoun and M. B. Almourad, “Accessibility as an integral factor in e-government web site evaluation,” Information Technology & People, 2014.
XV. G. Fraser, J. M. Rojas, M. M. Eler and Y. Ge, “Automated accessibility testing of mobile apps,” in IEEE 11th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), 2018.
XVI. G. Taentzer, M. Guckert, R. Gerlach and S. Vaupel, “Model-driven development of mobile applications for Android and iOS supporting role-based app variability,” in Springer, 2018.
XVII. H. Y. Abuaddous, M. Z. Jali and N. Basir, “Study of the accessibility diagnosis on the public higher institution websites in Malaysia,” in Computing & Informatics, 4th International Conference, Univ Utari Malaysia-Uum, 2013.
XVIII. I. S. Shehu and S. A. Adepoju, “Usability evaluation of academic websites using automated tools,” in IEEE 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2014.
XIX. M. A. Aziz, N. Nordin and W. A. R. W. M. Isa, “Assessing the accessibility and usability of Malaysia’s higher education websites,” in International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2010.
XX. M. H. A. Latif and M. N. Masrek, “Accessibility evaluation on Malaysian e-government websites,” Journal of E-Government studies and best practices, vol. 2010, p. 11, 2010.
XXI. M. K. Baowaly and M. Bhuiyan, “Accessibility analysis and evaluation of Bangladesh government websites,” in International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2012.
XXII. M. Peñafiel, R. Navarrete and S. Luján-Mora, “eGovernment and web accessibility in South America,” in IEEE First International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG)., 2014.
XXIII. M. Providenti and R. Zai III, “Web accessibility at Kentucky’s academic libraries,” in Library Hi Tech, 2007.
XXIV. P. Acosta-Vargas, R. Zalakeviciute, S. Luján-Mora and W. Hernandez, “Accessibility Evaluation of Mobile Applications,” in Springer, Cham, 2019.
XXV. P. G. RAMACHANDRAN and S. YAN, “The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps,” ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-31, 2019.
XXVI. R. Rattray and R. Williams, “An assessment of web accessibility of UK accountancy firms,” Managerial Auditing Journal, pp. 710-716, 2003.
XXVII. R. Rattray and R. Williams, “UK and US hotel web content accessibility,” Mandates for action. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 17, pp. 78-87, 2005.
XXVIII. Y. Shi, “E-government web site accessibility in Australia and China: A longitudinal study,” Social Science Computer Review, vol. 24, pp. 378-385, 2006.

View Download