Authors:
Praneet Raj Jeripotula,C. Anil Kumar,Mudavath Raju,B. Rajendra Naik,DOI NO:
https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.03.00008Keywords:
Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm,Variable Step Size LMS algorithm,Leaky LMS algorithm,Null depth,Rate of Convergence,Abstract
Adaptive antenna systems use advanced adaptive signal processing algorithms to generate main beams in the direction of interest and steer the nulls in the desired direction to reduce interferences from incoming signals. These algorithms are implemented in various applications such as channel equalization, object tracking, system identification and also in Radar systems which uses phased array antenna setup. In phased array radar systems, the noise and interference mitigation is a challenging task. The optimization of these algorithms to generate signals at a faster rate, steering nulls in the unwanted directions thereby improving the signal qualityis very crucial. Few major factors which effect the Adaptive beam forming are complexity, rate of convergence, placing deeper nulls. A novel algorithm is proposed namely Normalized Leaky Variable Step Size-LMS algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to a uniform linear array of 8, 12, 16 and 32 elements configurations for different test cases. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm comparison is made with the traditional Least Mean Square, Variable Step Size LMS, and Leaky LMS algorithms. The results show the rate of convergence performance is substantially improved by more than 50% for the proposed algorithm than the existing ones along with providing deeper nulls for interference suppression.Refference:
I. A. P. Rao and N. V. S. N. Sarma, “Performance analysis of kernel based adaptive beamforming for smart antenna systems,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. RF Conf. 2014, IMaRC 2014 – Collocated with InteractionalSymp. Microwaves, ISM 2014, no. 3, pp. 262–265, 2015.
II. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, vol. 3rd. 2005.
III. D. T. M. Slock, “On the Convergence Behavior of the LMS and the Normalized LMS Algorithms,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 2811–2825, 1993.
IV. E. Eweda, “Transient performance degradation of the LMS, RLS, sign, signed regressor, and sign-sign algorithms with data correlation,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Analog Digit. Signal Process, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1055–1063, 1999.
V. F. Gross, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications with MATLAB, Second. McGraw Hill, 2015.
VI. F. Alan J, Adaptive Antennas and Phased Arrays. 2008.
VII. H. Singh and R. M. Jha, “Algorithm for suppression of wideband probing in adaptive array with multiple desired signals,” Def. Sci. J., vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 325–330, 2011.
VIII. J. Liu, H. Li, and B. Himed, “Joint optimization of transmit and receive beamforming in active arrays,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 39–42, 2014.
IX. L. C. Godara, Smart Antennas. CRC Press Taylor and Francis group, 2004.
X. M. C. Wicks et al., SMART ANTENNAS. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003.
XI. M. Sowjanya, A. K. Sahoo, and S. Kumar, “Distributed Incremental Leaky LMS,” 2015 Int. Conf. Commun. Signal Process. ICCSP 2015, pp. 1753–1757, 2015.
XII. M. Kamenetsky and B. Widrow, “A variable leaky LMS adaptive algorithm,” vol. 1, no. 650, pp. 125–128, 2005.
XIII. N. H. Noordin, T. Arslan, B. Flynn, and A. T. Erdogan, “Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms for 3-faceted Array Antenna,” 2014.
XIV. N. H. Noordin and Z. Khalidin, “Beamforming algorithms for adaptive array antenna,” 2014 2nd Int. Conf. Electron. Des. ICED 2014, pp. 5–9, 2011.
XV. P. R. Jeripotula and B. RajendraNaik, “Performance Analysis of Adaptive Beamforming Algorithms,” 2018 Int. Conf. Circuits Syst. Digit. Enterp. Technol. ICCSDET 2018, pp. 1–4, 2018.
XVI. P. Thapa, M. A. Jeong, and S. R. Lee, “Performance analysis of LMS adaptive beam forming algorithms for smart antennas,” Inf., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 4175–4181, 2015.
XVII. P. R. Jeripotula, C. A. Kumar, and B. R. Naik, “Modified Leaky LMS Algorithm for Adaptive Beamforming,” Int. J. Eng. Appl. Manag. Sci. Paradig., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 212–218, 2019.
XVIII. R. Irfan, H. urRasheed, W. A. Toor, and M. Ashraf, “Performance analysis of adaptive algorithms for space-time adaptive processor (STAP) in phased array radar,” J. Eng., vol. 2019, no. Irc 2018, pp. 6313–6317, 2019.
XIX. R. M. Shubair and A. Hakam, “Adaptive beamforming using variable step-size LMS algorithm with novel ULA array configuration,” Int. Conf. Commun. Technol. Proceedings, ICCT, pp. 650–654, 2013.
XX. S. Yong-jiang, Q. Dong-dong, R. Jia-ren, Z. Peng, and D. R. Becerra, “Research on Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm,” no. 10, pp. 2–4, 2012.
XXI. S. Edition, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, vol. 19, no. 2. 2014.
XXII. S. A. Aghdam, J. Bagby, and R. J. Pia, “Adaptive antenna array beamforming using variable-step-size normalized least mean square,” 2016 17th Int. Symp. Antenna Technol. Appl. Electromagn. ANTEM 2016, pp. 5–9, 2016.
XXIII. S. Razia, T. Hossain, and M. A. Matin, “Performance analysis of adaptive beamforming algorithm for smart antenna system,” 2012 Int. Conf. Informatics, Electron. Vision, ICIEV 2012, pp. 946–949, 2012.