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NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MWCNT/ZNO HYBRID NANOFLUID HEAT PERFORMANCE OF A COUNTER FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

Authors:

Pidaparthy Maheshbabu, R. Ramkumar, Goda Sreenivasulu Reddy, M. Bakkiyaraj, Prakash H. , Jadhav

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.07.00008

July 14, 2025

Abstract:

The numerical study explores the augmentation of heat dissipation rate and efficiency of a counter flow heat exchanger (CFHEx) in the presence of (MWCNT/ZnO) hybrid nanofluids (HNF). The HNF concentration is varied from 0.01% to 0.05% in steps of 0.02%. The Reynolds number (Re) of cold fluid is varied from 2436 to 11626, while that of hot fluid, Re, is kept constant. The typical k-ɛ model is utilized for the numerical simulation in turbulent flow regimes. The current numerical results are compared to the literature to serve as validation purpose. From the validation study, the Nusselt (Nu) number agrees well with the numerical and experimental data of the literature, with a deviation of less than 6%. From the numerical study, it can be observed that when the concentrations of HNF the Nu number intensifies meaningfully with a rise in the Re number. For HNF concentration of 0.05%, the average increase in Nusselt number (Nu) is found to be around 41.35% and 23.13% higher than that of base fluid water and 0.01% concentration of HNF, respectively, with an adequate rise in the pressure drop. The critical performance evaluation criteria are also determined, and it is found that at higher concentrations, of hybrid nanofluid performs better than at lower concentrations of the hybrid nanofluid. In addition, the PEC is found to be maximum at lower Re numbers, and further, it reduces with an increase in the flow Re number.

Keywords:

Friction factor,Heat Exchanger,Hybrid nanofluid,Nusselt number,Performance evaluation criteria,

Refference:

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 7, July 2025

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF FEEDBACK QUEUE NETWORK MODEL WITH PRIORITVY COMPRISED OF TWO SERIAL CHANNELS WITHIN STOCHASTIC CONDITIONS

Authors:

Preeti, Deepak Gupta, Vandana Saini

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.07.00009

July 15, 2025

Abstract:

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of a feedback queue model with a Priority mechanism and investigates its behavior under stochastic conditions. This model comprises two serially connected service channels, with priority applied exclusively to the first service channel. Upon entry, customers are classified into two groups-low and high priority. A preemptive priority discipline is used at the first server to distinguish between high- and low-priority customers, thereby reflecting real-world service hierarchies. The feedback mechanism in the model allows for a maximum of one time only for the customer’s satisfaction with the service. The arrival of the customers is governed by a Poisson process and and service times at both servers are assumed to follow independently and be exponentially distributed. Upon service completion at the second server, customers may either exit the system permanently or re-enter the network through a feedback loop. The Steady-state behavior of the system is captured through a set of differential equations, which are solved by using the generating function technique combined with classical calculus laws. Various queue performance indicators, including average queue length, variance in queues, server utilization, and total duration time, are discussed. In the last section, a comparative study of the model with the literature is also discussed. The model’s behaviour is well demonstrated both graphically and numerically and provides an in-depth understanding of how each parameter influences the overall system performance, and the obtained results prove the stability and accuracy of the model. The insights derived from the analysis could help understand the design and optimization of the queueing model in different settings such as hospitals, manufacturing industries, and telecommunications.

Keywords:

Feedback,Generating function techniques,Priority,Queueing,Serial Channel,Stochastic condition,

Refference:

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 7, July 2025

A MODIFIED CLOSED-TYPE HYBRID QUADRATURE FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF SINGULAR COMPLEX-VALUED INTEGRALS

Authors:

Bibhuranjan Nayak, Shubhankar Palai, Dwiti Krushna Behera, Tusar Singh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.07.00010

July 15, 2025

Abstract:

A novel closed-type modified anti-Gaussian 4-point transformed rule has been developed for solving Cauchy principal value complex integrals. Furthermore, a more precise mixed quadrature rule MQ(f), has been created by combining the closed-type modified quadrature rule with the Gauss-Legendre 2-point transformed technique. Theoretical analysis of errors confirms the enhanced performance of the newly proposed quadrature rule. Numerical computation of various sample integrals is performed. The numerical calculations demonstrate the superiority of the new rule among others.

Keywords:

Cauchy principal value integrals,Gauss-Legendre transformed rule,closed-type anti-Gaussian transformed rule,mixed rule,singularity,

Refference:

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XIII. R. N. Das and M. K. Hota, “A Derivative Free Quadrature Rule for Numerical Approximations of Complex Cauchy Principal Value of Integrals”, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Volume : 6, Issue : 111, 2012,pp : 5533-5540.
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XVI. S. K. Mohanty and R. B. Dash, “A quadrature rule of Lobatto-Gaussian for Numerical integration of Analytic functions”, Numerical Algebra Control and Optimization, Volume:12, Issue:4, 2022, pp:705-718. 10.3934/naco.2021031.
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Journal Vol – 20 No – 7, July 2025

A HYBRID APPROACH TO SECURE CONTAINER ORCHESTRATION: INTELLIGENT WATER DROP ALGORITHM WITH ANTI-COLLOCATION AND SECURITY AFFINITY RULES

Authors:

Kanika Sharma, Parul Khurana, Ramandeep Sandhu, Chander Prabha, Harpreet Kaur, Deepali Gupta

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.07.00011

July 15, 2025

Abstract:

Container-based virtualization has become prominent as lightweight virtualization due to its scalability, resource utilization, and portability, especially in microservices. Container scheduler plays an essential role in Container services to optimize performance to reduce the overall cost by managing load balancing. However, scheduling Containers with efficiency while ensuring the Container security remains one of the major challenges. This paper presents a hybrid scheduling approach by combining a nature-inspired algorithm with the security principle. Our proposed technique combines the optimization of the Intelligent Water Drop (IWD) algorithm with Anti-Collocation and Security Affinity Rules (ACAR) to ensure the privacy of Containers. IWD-ACAR focuses on resource optimization, and one of the security concerns is that no more than two Containers should be placed on the less secure node. To simulate the proposed technique, we have used Python, and the simulation results demonstrate 25% improvement in the resource utilization along with a 98% threat detection rate in real-time monitoring. The proposed approach balances the various performance evaluation parameters like CPU utilization, memory utilization, along security in a cloud environment.

Keywords:

Cloud Computing,Containerization,Isolation,Resource allocation,Scheduling,Security,

Refference:

I. Bachiega, Naylor G., Paulo S. L. de Souza, Sarita M. Bruschi, and Simone do R. S. de Souza. “Container-Based Performance Evaluation: A Survey and Challenges.” 2018 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E), IEEE, April 2018, pp. 398–403. 10.1109/IC2E.2018.00075.
II. Rathi, Sugandha, Renuka Nagpal, Gautam Srivastava, and Deepti Mehrotra. “A Multi-Objective Fitness Dependent Optimizer for Workflow Scheduling.” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 152, 2024, article 111247. 10.1016/j.asoc.2024.111247. jscca.uotechnology.edu.iq+7dl.acm.org+7ouci.dntb.gov.ua+7
III. Li, Jun, Peng Wang, and Yan Zhang. “A Survey on Scheduling Algorithms in Cloud Computing.” Journal of Cloud Computing, vol. 10, no. 1, 2021, pp. 1–20. 10.3233/MGS-220217. journals.sagepub.com+2dl.acm.org+2researchgate.net+2
IV. Jeon, Jueun, et al. “Efficient container scheduling with hybrid deep learning model for improved service reliability in cloud computing.” IEEE Access (2024). 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3396652
V. Tabrizchi, Hamed, and Marjan Kuchaki Rafsanjani. “A survey on security challenges in cloud computing: issues, threats, and solutions.” The journal of supercomputing 76.12 (2020): 9493-9532. 10.1007/s11227-020-03213-1
VI. Huang, Lin, Xuefeng Li, and Zhiqiang Zhang. “Security-Enhanced Cloud Scheduling for Container-Based Environments.” IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, vol. 20, no. 2, 2023, pp. 1345 1357. 10.1145/3579856.3582835
VII. Xiong, Ke, Zhonghao Wu, and Xuzhong Jia. “DeepContainer: A Deep Learning-based Framework for Real-time Anomaly Detection in Cloud-Native Container Environments.” Journal of Advanced Computing Systems 5.1 (2025): 1-17.DOI: 10.69987/JACS.2025.50101
VIII. Parampottupadam, Santhosh, and Arghir-Nicolae Moldovann. “Cloud-based real-time network intrusion detection using deep learning.” 2018 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security). IEEE, 2018. 10.1109/CyberSecPODS.2018.8560674
IX. Tao, Ye, et al. “Dynamic resource allocation algorithm for container-based service computing.” 2017 IEEE 13th international symposium on autonomous decentralized system (ISADS). IEEE, 2017. 10.1109/ISADS.2017.20
X. Ahmad, Shahnawaz, et al. “Machine learning-based intelligent security framework for secure cloud key management.” Cluster Computing 27.5 (2024): 5953-5979. 10.1007/s10586-024-04288-8
XI. Altahat, Mohammad A., Tariq Daradkeh, and Anjali Agarwal. “Optimized encryption-integrated strategy for containers scheduling and secure migration in multi-cloud data centers.” IEEE Access (2024). 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3386169
XII. Muthakshi, S., and K. Mahesh. “Secure and energy-efficient task scheduling in cloud container using VMD-AOA and ECC-KDF.” Malaysian Journal of Computer Science 37.1 (2024): 48-70. 10.22452/mjcs.vol37no1.2
XIII. Sadeghi Hesar, Alireza, Seyed Reza Kamel Tabakh, and Mahboobeh Houshmand. “Task Scheduling Using the PSO-IWD Hybrid Algorithm in Cloud Computing with Heterogeneous Resources.” Journal of Control 15.2 (2021): 81-96. 10.52547/joc.15.2.81
XIV. Pal, Souvik, et al. “An intelligent task scheduling model for hybrid internet of things and cloud environment for big data applications.” Sustainability 15.6 (2023): 5104. 10.3390/su15065104
XV. Mangalampalli, Sudheer M., et al. “Multi Objective Prioritized Task Scheduler Using Improved Asynchronous Advantage Actor Critic (A3C) Algorithm in Multi Cloud Environment.” IEEE Access, 2024. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3355092
XVI. Aron, Rajni, and Ajith Abraham. “Resource scheduling methods for cloud computing environment: The role of meta-heuristics and artificial intelligence.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 116 (2022): 105345. 10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105345
XVII. Yahia, Hazha Saeed, et al. “Comprehensive survey for cloud computing based nature-inspired algorithms optimization scheduling.” Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science 8.2 (2021): 1-16. 10.9734/AJRCOS/2021/v8i230195
XVIII. Chen, Honghua, et al. “Container Scheduling Algorithms for Distributed Cloud Environments.” Processes 12.9 (2024): 1804. 10.3390/pr12091804
XIX. Rambabu, D., and A. Govardhan. “Optimized Data Replication in Cloud Using Hybrid Optimization Approach.” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 35, no. 11, 2024, e70022. 10.1002/ett.70022

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 7, July 2025

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM IN Mn-Cu CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USING ASYMPTOTIC METHODS

Authors:

A. Dorathy Cathrine, R. Raja, R. Swaminathan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.07.00012

July 15, 2025

Abstract:

The Article describes the kinetic approach to ethanol and ethyl acetate combustion using a Mn-Cu catalyst. Catalytic combustion is an established process for removing volatile organic compounds. Acetaldehyde is an intermediate product of ethanol oxidation. The kinetic mechanism of this model is expressed in terms of a nonlinear equation in planar coordinates. Approximate analytical solutions for the concentrations of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetaldehyde are derived using asymptotic methods. Analytical results are verified to be accurate through a direct comparison with numerical simulation. This paper aims to provide a kinetic evaluation of the combustion of ethanol over a Mn-Cu catalyst. The study was conducted to estimate the appropriate kinetic parameters and formulate reasonable reaction rate expressions.

Keywords:

Catalytic Combustion,Mathematical modeling,Nonlinear differential equations,

Refference:

I. Akbari, M. R. “Akbari-Ganjis method AGM to chemical reactor design for non-isothermal and non-adiabatic of mixed flow reactors.” J. Chem. Eng. Mater. Sci 11.1 (2020): 1-9. 10.5897/JCEMS2018.0320.
II. Bartholomew, Calvin H., and Robert J. Farrauto. Fundamentals of industrial catalytic processes. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
III. Campesi, M. Agustina, et al. “Combustion of volatile organic compounds on a MnCu catalyst: A kinetic study.” Catalysis Today 176.1 (2011): 225-228. 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.01.009
IV. Campesi, M. Agustina, et al. “Kinetic study of the combustion of ethanol and ethyl acetate mixtures over a MnCu catalyst.” Fuel Processing Technology 103 (2012): 84-90. 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.08.019
V. Delimaris, Dimitrios, and Theophilos Ioannides. “VOC oxidation over CuO–CeO2 catalysts prepared by a combustion method.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 89.1-2(2009):295-302. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.02.003
VI. Delimaris, Dimitrios, and Theophilos Ioannides. “VOC oxidation over MnOx–CeO2 catalysts prepared by a combustion method.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 84.1-2(2008):303-312. 10.1016/j.apcatb.2008.04.006
VII. Larsson, Per-Olof, and Arne Andersson. “Oxides of copper, ceria promoted copper, manganese and copper manganese on Al2O3 for the combustion of CO, ethyl acetate and ethanol.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 24.3-4 (2000): 175-192. 10.1016/S0926-3373(99)00104-6
VIII. McCabe, Robert W., and Patricia J. Mitchell. “Reactions of ethanol and acetaldehyde over noble metal and metal oxide catalysts.” Industrial & engineering chemistry product research and development 23.2 (1984): 196-202. 10.1021/i300014a003
IX. Meena, V., T. Praveen, and L. Rajendran. “Mathematical modeling and analysis of the molar concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate inside the catalyst particle.” Kinetics and Catalysis 57 (2016): 125-134. 10.1134/S0023158416010092
X. Morales, María Roxana, Bibiana P. Barbero, and Luis E. Cadus. “Evaluation and characterization of Mn–Cu mixed oxide catalysts for ethanol total oxidation: influence of copper content.” Fuel 87.7 (2008): 1177-1186. 10.1016/j.fuel.2007.07.015
XI. Nebiyal, A., R. Swaminathan, and S. G. Karpagavalli. “Reaction kinetics of amperometric enzyme electrode in various geometries using the Akbari-Ganji method.” International Journal of Electrochemical Science 18.9 (2023): 100240. 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100240
XII. Noordally, E., J. R. Richmond, and S. F. Tahir. “Destruction of volatile organic compounds by catalytic oxidation.” Catalysis Today 17.1-2 (1993): 359-366. 10.1016/0920-5861(93)80039-4
XIII. Rajesh, Hariharan, and Umit S. Ozkan. “Complete oxidation of ethanol, acetaldehyde and ethanol/methanol mixtures over copper oxide and copper-chromium oxide catalysts.” Industrial & engineering chemistry research 32.8 (1993): 1622-1630. 10.1021/ie00020a013
XIV. Raju, R. Vignesh, et al. “Analytical techniques for understanding biofilm modeling in indoor air quality management.” Results in Control and Optimization (2025): 100564. 10.1016/j.rico.2025.100564
XV. Selvi, M. Salai Mathi, L. Rajendran, and Marwan Abukhaled. “Estimation of rolling motion of ship in random beam seas by efficient analytical and numerical approaches.” Journal of Marine Science and Application 20 (2021): 55-66. 10.1007/s11804-020-00183-x
XVI. Swaminathan, Rajagopal, et al. “Analytical solution of nonlinear problems in homogeneous reactions occur in the mass-transfer boundary layer: homotopy perturbation method.” International Journal of Electrochemical Science 16.6 (2021): 210644. 10.20964/2021.06.51

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 7, July 2025

PROPERTIES OF A CLASS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPONENTIALLY CONVEX FUNCTIONS

Authors:

K. R. Karthikeyan, Elangho Umadevi, G. Thirupathi, Dharmaraj Mohankumar

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00001

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

Studies in univalent function theory comprising the exponential of differential characterizations are rarely considered. The prominent study in this direction is the study of so-called -exponentially convex functions. Here we study a class of analytic functions which satisfy an analytic characterization influenced by the definition of the multiplicative derivative and -exponentially convex functions. Integral representation and coefficient inequalities of the defined function class are the main results of the paper.

Keywords:

Analytic function,exponentially convex functions,multiplicative derivative,starlike functions,

Refference:

I. Arango, J. H., Mejía, D., and Ruscheweyh, S. (1997). Exponentially convex univalent functions, Complex Variables Theory Appl. 33, no.~1-4, 33–50. 10.1080/17476939708815010.
II. Breaz, D., Karthikeyan, K. R., and Murugusundaramoorthy, G. (2024). Applications of Mittag–Leffler functions on a subclass of meromorphic functions influenced by the definition of a non-Newtonian derivative, Fractal Fract. 8 (9), 509. 10.3390/fractalfract8090509
III. Carathèodory, C. (1907). Ȕber den Variabilitȁtsbereich der Koeffizienten von Potenzreihen, die gegebene Werte nicht annehmen, Math. Ann. 64(1), 95–115. 10.1007/BF01449883
IV. Cho, N. E., Swaminathan, A., and Wani, L. A. (2022). Radius constants for functions associated with a limacon domain, J. Korean Math. Soc. 59 (2), 353–365. 10.4134/JKMS.j210246
V. Efraimidis, I. (2016). A generalization of Livingston’s coefficient inequalities for functions with positive real part, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 435 (1), 369–379. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.10.050
VI. Karthikeyan, K. R. and Murugusundaramoorthy, G. (2024). Properties of a class of analytic functions influenced by multiplicative calculus, Fractal Fract. 8(3), 131. 10.3390/fractalfract8030131.
VII. Karthikeyan, K. R. and Varadharajan, S. (2024). A class of analytic functions with respect to symmetric points involving multiplicative derivative, Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis, 31(5s), 540–551. 10.52783/cana.v31.1089
VIII. B. Khan, J. Gong, M. G. Khan\ and\ F. Tchier, Sharp coefficient bounds for a class of symmetric starlike functions involving the balloon shape domain, Heliyon, {\bf 10} (2024), no.~ 19, e38838. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38838.
IX. Ma, W. C. and Minda, D. (1992). A unified treatment of some special classes of univalent functions, in Proceedings of the Conference on Complex Analysis (Tianjin, 1992)}, 157–169, Conf. Proc. Lecture Notes Anal., I, Int. Press, Cambridge, MA,
X. Murugusundaramoorthy, G., Khan, M. G., Ahmad, B., Mashwani, V. K., Abdeljawad, T., and Salleh, Z. (2023). Coefficient functionals for a class of bounded turning functions connected to three leaf function, Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, 28(3), 213–223. 10.22436/jmcs.028.03.01
XI. Pommerenke, C. (1975). Univalent functions, Studia Mathematica/Mathematische Lehrbȕcher, Band XXV, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Gőttingen. 1975. https://books.google.com.om/books?id=wi_vAAAAMAAJ.
XII. Ponnusamy, S., Vasudevarao, A., and Vuorinen, M. K. (2011). Region of variability for exponentially convex univalent functions, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory 5(3), 955–966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11785-010-0089-y
XIII. Raina, R. K., and Sokół, J. (2015). Some properties related to a certain class of starlike functions, C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris, 353(11), 973–978. 10.1016/j.crma.2015.09.011
XIV. Sathish Srinivasan, R., Ezhilarasi, R., Karthikeyan, K. R. and Sudharsan, T. V. (2025). Coefficient bounds for certain subclasses of quasi-convex functions associated with Carlson-Shaffer operator, Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 20(3), 198–207. 10.26782/jmcms.2025.03.00013
XV. Sharma, P., Sivasubramanian, S., and Cho, N. E. (2024). Initial coefficient bounds for certain new subclasses of bi-Bazilevič functions and exponentially bi-convex functions with bounded boundary rotation, Axioms 13(1), 25. 10.3390/axioms13010025
XVI. Sunil Varma, S., Rosy, T., and Vadivelan, U. (2020). Radius of exponential convexity of certain subclass of analytic functions, Creat. Math. Inform. 29(1), 109—112. 10.37193/CMI.2020.01.13

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

A DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING APPROACH TO JOINT CODEBOOK SELECTION AND UE SCHEDULING FOR NR-U/WIGIG COEXISTENCE IN UNLICENSED MMWAVE BANDS

Authors:

K. N. S. K. Santhosh, Angara Satyam, Kante Satyanarayana, Venkata Raju Athili, Ponugoti Gangadhara Rao, Bhatraju Mahalakshmi Rao

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00002

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

This paper introduces an intelligent method to enhance communication in unlicensed millimetre-wave (mmWave) networks for New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) and Wireless Gigabit (WiGig) systems. Since both networks share the same frequency band, they often interfere with each other, reducing performance and fairness. The challenge lies in ensuring smooth coexistence without harming the efficiency of either system. NR-U plays a crucial role in 5G networks by meeting the growing demand for faster wireless communication. To tackle this problem, the authors propose a novel method that integrates two essential processes: codebook selection and user equipment (UE) scheduling. Codebook selection optimizes beam patterns for communication, while UE scheduling determines which users access the network and when. These two processes operate at different speeds, making optimization complex. The researchers use Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to solve this challenge dynamically and intelligently. The proposed system, DeepCBU, is based on a Layered Deep Q-Network (L-DQN) framework. It learns from past experiences to make better decisions over time. DeepCBU adjusts dynamically, balancing the need for high data rates while minimizing interference between NR-U and WiGig. Additionally, it ensures fairness among users by distributing network access efficiently. Simulation results show that DeepCBU outperforms traditional methods like DRL-dirLBT, TS-dirLBT, and TS-DRL. It improves data rates for NR-U, reduces WiGig interference, and better satisfies user Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Unlike conventional approaches, DeepCBU does not require prior network knowledge, making it highly adaptable. In conclusion, DeepCBU is a powerful DRL-based system that enhances NR-U and WiGig coexistence. It optimizes both codebook selection and UE scheduling, ensuring better performance and fairness in future wireless networks.

Keywords:

Deep reinforcement learning,Deep Q-Network,Data Rate,New Radio,Packet Error Rate,Quality of Service,Wireless Networks,

Refference:

I. Addepalli, T., et al. : ‘Compact MIMO diversity antenna for 5G sub 6 GHz and WLAN (Wi Fi 5 & 6) band applications’. Micromachines. Vol. 14, 2023. 10.1007/s11277-023-10718-4
II. Chinchawade, A. J., et al. : ‘Scheduling in multi hop wireless networks using a distributed learning algorithm’. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Trends Electron. Informatics (ICOEI)., pp. 1013–1018, 2023. 10.1109/ICOEI56765.2023.10125909
III. Feng, Zheng, Lei Ji, Qiang Zhang, Wei Li. : ‘Spectrum management for mmWave enabled UAV swarm networks: Challenges and opportunities’. IEEE Communications Magazine. Vol. 57, pp. 146–153, 2018. 10.1109/MCOM.2018.1800087
IV. Gao, Xiaoliang, et al. : ‘Challenges in NR U/WiGig coexistence’. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. Vol. 22, pp. 1234–1256, 2020.
V. Gowtham, R., et al. : ‘Enhancing incentive schemes in edge computing through hierarchical reinforcement learning’. ITEGAM JETIA. Vol. 11, pp. 226–136, 2025. 10.5935/jetia.v11i52.1637
VI. Hu, Honghai, Chen Wang, Yike Gao, Yanan Dong, Qi Chen, Jie Zhang. : ‘On the performance of coexisting NR U and WiGig networks with directional sensing’. IEEE Transactions on Communications. Vol. 73, pp. 469–482, 2025. 10.1109/TCOMM.2024.3430986
VII. Jiang, Li, Zhifeng Li. : ‘Machine learning for NR U spectrum access’. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. Vol. 7, pp. 3220–3231, 2020.
VIII. Kiebel, Sebastian J., Jean Daunizeau, Karl J. Friston. : ‘A hierarchy of time scales and the brain’. PLoS Computational Biology. Vol. 4, pp. e1000209, 2008. 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000209
IX. Kim, Hongs Up, Minho Lee. : ‘Listen Before Receive for NR U’. IEEE Access. Vol. 9, pp. 23348–23357, 2021.
X. Liu, Xiao, Yilin Chen. : ‘Directional Listen Before Talk for 5G NR U’. IEEE Wireless Communications. Vol. 27, pp. 30–36, 2020.
XI. Mabrouki, Soumaya, Ibraheem Dayoub, Qiang Li, Mourad Berbineau. : ‘Codebook designs for millimeter wave communication systems in both low and high mobility: Achievements and challenges’. IEEE Access. Vol. 10, pp. 25786–25810, 2022.
XII. Milanese, Mauro, Antonella Vicino. : ‘Optimal estimation theory for dynamic systems with set membership uncertainty: An overview’. Automatica. Vol. 27, pp. 997–1006, 1991.
XIII. Mu, Jing, Augusto Di Benedetto. : ‘Networking capability and new product development’. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. Vol. 59, pp. 4–19, 2011. 10.1109/TEM.2011.2146256
XIV. Park, Joon Young, et al. : ‘Paired LBT for NR U/WiGig coexistence’. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. Vol. 18, pp. 2448–2462, 2019.
XV. Patriciello, Natale, Sandra Lagen, Biljana Bojović, Lorenza Giupponi. : ‘NR U and IEEE 802.11 technologies coexistence in unlicensed mmWave spectrum: Models and evaluation’. IEEE Access. Vol. 8, pp. 71254–71271, 2020. 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987467
XVI. Reddy, M. S., A. Tathababu, S. R. Nallamilli. : ‘Parameters optimization of compact UWB MIMO antenna with WLAN band rejection for short distance wireless communication’. IETE Journal of Research. , 2024. 10.1080/03772063.2025.2483933
XVII. Sharma, R., et al. : ‘Optimization based spectrum access in NR U’. IEEE Transactions on Communications. Vol. 69, pp. 5043–5054, 2021.
XVIII. Srivastava, Amit, Sourav Datta, Sourabh Goyal, Umer Salim, Wajahat J. Hussain, Peng Liu, Shivendra S. Panwar, Rachana Pragada, Persidis Adjakple. : ‘Enhanced distributed resource selection and power control for high frequency NR V2X sidelink’. IEEE Access. Vol. 11, pp. 72756–72780, 2023. 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3295822
XIX. Ssimbwa, Julius, Byungju Lim, Young Chai Ko. : ‘QoS aware user selection and resource assignment for coexistence of NR U and Wi Fi enabled IoT networks’. IEEE Internet of Things Journal. Vol. 11, pp. 30293–30308, 2024. 10.1109/JIOT.2024.3410687
XX. Sun, Jie, et al. : ‘DRL based access protocols for coexistence’. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. Vol. 39, pp. 1124–1138, 2021.
XXI. Wang, Yi, Jian Li, Lei Huang, Yao Jing, Andreas Georgakopoulos, Panagiotis Demestichas. : ‘5G Mobile: spectrum broadening to higher frequency bands to support high data rates’. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine. Vol. 9, pp. 39–46, 2014. 10.1109/MVT.2014.2333694
XXII. Xu, Bin, et al. : ‘Online learning for codebook optimization’. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. Vol. 70, pp. 1422–1435, 2022.
XXIII. Ye, Xuan, Li Fu. : ‘Joint codebook selection and UE scheduling for unlicensed mmWave NR U/WiGig coexistence based on deep reinforcement learning’. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. pp.1-16, 2024. 10.1109/TMC.2024.3356442
XXIV. Zhang, Meng, Rajkumar Ranjan, Markus Menzel, Surya Nepal, Paul Strazdins, Wai Jie, Lingfeng Wang. : ‘An infrastructure service recommendation system for cloud applications with real time QoS requirement constraints’. IEEE Systems Journal. Vol. 11, pp. 2960–2970, 2015.
XXV. Zhang, Yuan, et al. : ‘Deep learning for LTE LAA/Wi Fi coexistence’. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. Vol. 68, pp. 2345–2358, 2019.
XXVI. 3GPP. : ‘NR U Study Item Technical Report’. 3GPP TR 38.889. Vol. 2019.

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

DEVELOPMENTS IN MECHANICAL STRENGTH, ACID RESISTANCE, SORPTION RESISTANCE, CARBON PERFORMANCE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CONCRETE THROUGH SPATIAL VARIATIONS USING DIFFERENT GRADES OF NORMAL CONCRETE

Authors:

Anibrata Pal, Prasanna Kumar Acharya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00003

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

Cement production significantly contributes to CO₂ emissions and climate change. To reduce cement use and enhance concrete efficiency, this study investigates graded concrete (GC), composed of two different concrete grades (M30 and M20) using Portland Slag Cement (PSC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) in a 1:1 spatial variation. The study also examines the partial replacement of PSC (40–70%) in M30 with fly ash (FA) and lime to improve sustainability and performance. Mechanical properties were assessed through compressive and tensile strength tests at 7, 14, 28, 56, 91, and 182 days. Durability was evaluated via acid and sorption resistance, while the ecological aspect was assessed through embodied carbon analysis. Results showed that GC outperformed conventional M30 concrete, even with 50% cement replaced by 43% FA and 7% lime. GC demonstrated a 33% reduction in embodied carbon compared to M30. Microstructural validation through scanning electron microscopy confirmed the improved performance. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of GC as a sustainable and efficient construction material, promoting the beneficial use of industrial by-products like FA.

Keywords:

Acid resistance,Embodied carbon,Fly ash,Graded concrete,Mechanical characteristics,Water sorption resistance,

Refference:

I. Acharya, P. K., Patro, S. K.: Strength, wear-resistance, degree of hydration, energy and carbon performance of concrete using ferrochrome waste materials. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology – Transactions of Civil Engineerin. (2024), 48, 353–362. 10.1007/s40996-023-01310-8
II. Acharya, P. K., Patro, S. K. : Effect of lime and ferrochrome ash (FA) as partial replacement of cement on strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and permeability of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 448–457 (2015). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.081.
III. Acharya, P. K., Patro, S. K.: Effect of lime and ferrochrome ash as partial replacement of cement on strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and permeability of concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 94, 448–457 (2015). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.081
IV. Acharya, P.K., Patro S. K.: Acid resistance, sulphate resistance and strength properties of concrete containing ferrochrome ash (FA) and lime. Construction and Building Materials. 120, 241- 250 (2016). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.099
V. Acharya, P.K., Patro S. K.: Effect of lime on mechanical and durability properties of blended cement based concrete. Journal of Institution of Engineers (India), Series A, 97 , 71-79 (2016). 10.1007/s40030-016-0158-y
VI. Acharya, P.K., Patro S. K.: Strength, sorption and abrasion characteristics of concrete using ferrochrome ash (FCA) and lime as partial replacement of cement. Cement and Concrete Composites. 74, 16-25 (2016) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.08.010
VII. Buswell, R. A., Leal de Silva, W. R., Jones, S. Z., Dirrenberger, J.: 3D printing using concrete extrusion: A roadmap for research. Cement and Concrete Research. 112, 37-49 (2018), 10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2018.05.006.
VIII. Chan, R., Liu, X., Galobardes, I.: Parametric study of functionally graded concretes incorporating steel fibres and recycled aggregates. Construction and Building Materials. 242, 118180 (2020). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118186
IX. Hammond G, Jones C, Lourie EF, Tse P: Inventory of carbon and energy (ICE). University of BATH and BSRIA (2011)
X. Herrmann, M., Sobek, W., Functionally graded concrete; Numerical design methods and experimental tests of mass-optimized structural components. Structural Concrete, 18 (2016) 54-66.
XI. IS 10262 :Concrete mix proportioning- Guidelines. Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi, India. (2019).
XII. IS 1489 (Part 1) Portland pozzolana cement-Specifications. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 1991 (Reaffirmed 2005),
XIII. IS 383: Specifications for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 1970 (Reaffirmed 2002)
XIV. IS 455: Portland slag cement-Specifications, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 1989 (Reaffirmed 1995)
XV. IS 5816:. Splitting tensile strength of concrete-Test method. Bureau of Indian Standards. New Delhi, India. 1939 (Reaffirmed 2004)
XVI. IS: 516: Indian standard code of practice- methods of test for strength of concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. 1959 (Reaffirmed 2004).
XVII. Kausar, M. Y. S., Nikam, P. A.: Functionally graded concrete: An experimental analysis. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. (2018), ISSN: 2395-0072.
XVIII. Kumari, P., Acharya, P.K., Yadav, M. K., Ranjan K. S.: Properties of layered concrete made of Portland slag cement and Portland pozzolana cement in a double layered system. Sustainable Materials, Structures and IOT (SMSI 2024). 5-9 (2025). 10.1201/9781003596776-2
XIX. Lai, J., Yang, H., Wang, H., Zheng, X., Wang, Q.: Penetration experiments and simulation of three-layer functionally graded cementitious composite subjected to multiple projectile impacts. Construction and Building Materials. 196, 499–511 (2019).
XX. Liu, X., Yan, M., Galobardes, I., Sikora, K.: Assessing the potential of functionally graded concrete using fibre reinforced and recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 171, 793–801 (2018). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.202
XXI. Maalej, M., Ahmed, S. U., Paramasivam, P.: Corrosion durability and structural response of functionally graded concrete beams. JCI International Workshop on Ductile Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (DFRCC) – Application and Evaluation, Japan. 161-170 (2022). 10.3151/jact.1.307
XXII. Maimouni, J., Goyon, J., Lac, E., Pringuey, T., Boujlel, J., Chateau, X.: Rayleigh-Taylor instability in elastoplastic solids: A local catastrophic process. Physical Review Letters, 116 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.154502154502.
XXIII. Nes, L. G., Qverli, J. A.: Structural behaviour of layered beams with fibre reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete and normal density concrete. Materials and Structures. 49, 689-703 (2016).
XXIV. Ning, Z., Aizhong, L., Charlie, C. C., Zhou, J., Zhang, X., Wang, S., Chen, X.: Support performance of functionally graded concrete lining. Construction and Building Materials. 147, 35-47 (2017). 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.04.161
XXV. Nithya, P., Sureshkumar, M. P.: Experimental study on functionally graded concrete using fly ash as partial replacement of cement. International Journal of Innovative Research Explorer. 5(4), 222-226 (2018).
XXVI. Pal, A., Acharya, P. K.. Effect of hybrid layer and potential supplementation of blast furnace slag powder on sustainability, mechanical ability, and durability of functionally layered concrete. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy. (2025) 10.1007/s40831-025-01132-0
XXVII. Palaniappan, S. M., Govindasamy, V., Jabar, A. B.: Experimental investigation on flexural performance of functionally graded concrete beam using fly ash and red mud. Revista-Materia, 26(1) (2021).
XXVIII. Ribeiro, D. V., Silva, A. S., Dias, C. M. R.: Functionally graded concrete: Porosity gradation to enhance durability under carbonation. Ambiente Construído, Porto Alegre. 24 (2024) e134936, ISSN 1678-8621.
XXIX. Sabireen, F., Butt, A., Ahmad, K., Ullah, O., Zaid, H. A., Shah, T., Kamal, T.: Mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced concrete and functionally graded concrete with natural and recycled aggregates. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. (2023), 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102121.
XXX. Sahoo, S. K., Mohapatra, B. G., Patro, S. K., Acharya, P. K.: Evaluation of the graded layer in ground granulated blast furnace slag based layered concrete. Construction and Building Materials. 276, 122218 (2021).
XXXI. Sahoo, S. K., Mohapatra, B. G., Patro, S. K., Acharya, P. K.: Influence of functionally graded region in ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) layered composite concrete. In Circular Economy in the Construction Industry. (2021). 10.1201/9781003217619-5
XXXII. Satyanarayana, P., Natarajan, C.: Experimental investigation of functionally graded concrete with fly ash. International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 8(2) (2015) 143-148.
XXXIII. Strieder, E., Hilber, R., Stierschneider, E., Bergmeister, K.: FE-study on the effect of gradient concrete on early constraint and crack risk. Applied Sciences. 8 (2018) 10.3390/app8020246.
XXXIV. Torelli, G., Less, J. M.: Fresh state stability of vertical layers of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 120, 227-243 (2019). 10.1016/J.CEMCONRES.2019.03.006.
XXXV. Yang, K. H., Jung, Y. B., Cho, M. S., Tae, S. H.: Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on the reduction of CO2 emissions from concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production. 103, 774–783 (2015). 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.018

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

GENERALIZED FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN G-CONE METRIC SPACES INVOLVING Φ-CONTRACTIONS AND AUXILIARY PERTURBATIONS

Authors:

Achala Mishra, Hiral Raja

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00004

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

In this work, we provide a set of enhanced fixed-point theorems over Banach spaces with normal cones in the context of G-cone metric spaces. Our results extend and generalize existing theorems by incorporating φ-contractive mappings and perturbation functions within the contractive conditions. Specifically, we propose new fixed-point theorems using φ-difference type conditions, auxiliary control functions, and jointly lower semi-continuous metrics. We present illustrative instances to confirm that the theorems are applicable. The results obtained improve classical fixed-point theorems and offer broader applicability in nonlinear analysis. We also demonstrate the applicability of the developed theorems to fractional differential equations.

Keywords:

Cauchy sequence,completeness,uniqueness,Fixed point,G-cone metric space,φ-contraction,Normal cone,Perturbation function,

Refference:

I. Abbas, M., & Rhoades, B. E. (2008). Fixed- and periodic-point results in cone metric spaces. Applied Mathematics Letters, 21(5), 521–526.
II. Afshari, H., Alsulami, H. H., & Karapinar, E. (2016). On the extended multivalued Geraghty type contractions. Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Applications, 9, 4695–4706. 10.22436/jnsa.009.06.108.
III. Amini-Harandi, A_r., & Emami, H. (2010). A fixed point theorem for contraction type maps in partially ordered metric spaces and application to ordinary differential equations. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 72(6), 2238–2242. 10.1016/j.na.2009.10.023.
IV. Branciari, A. (2000). A fixed point theorem of Banach-Caccioppoli type on a class of generalized metric spaces. Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen, 57, 31–37. 10.5486/PMD.2000.2133
V. Cherichi, M., & Samet, B. (2012). Fixed point theorems on ordered gauge spaces with applications to nonlinear integral equations. Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 2012, Article 13. 10.1186/1687-1812-2012-13
VI. Fernandez, J., Malviya, N., Savić, A., Paunović, M., & Mitrović, Z. D. (2022). The extended cone b-metric-like spaces over Banach algebra and some applications. Mathematics, 10(1), 149. 10.3390/math10010149.
VII. Fulga, A., Afshari, H., & Shojaat, H. (2021). Common fixed point theorems on quasi-cone metric space over a divisible Banach algebra. Advances in Difference Equations, 2021, Article 306. 10.1186/s13662-021-03464-z.
VIII. Gupta, V., Shatanawi, W., & Mani, N. (2016). Fixed point theorems for (Ψ,β)-Geraghty contraction type maps in ordered metric spaces and some applications to integral and ordinary differential equations. Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 19, 1251-1267. 10.1007/s11784-016-0303-2.
IX. Huang, H., & Xu, S. (2013). Fixed point theorems of contractive mappings in cone b-metric spaces and applications. Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 2013, Article 112. 10.1186/1687-18122013112.
X. Huang, L. G., & Zhang, X. (2007). Cone metric spaces and fixed-point theorems of contractive mappings. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 332(2), 1468-1476.
XI. Jachymski, J. (2008). The contraction principle for mappings on a metric space with a graph. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 136(4), 1359-1373. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20535302
XII. Jleli, M., & Samet, B. (2014). A new generalization of the Banach contraction principle. Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2014, Article 38.
XIII. Karapınar, E., Fulga, A., & Roldán López de Hierro, A. F. (2021). Fixed point theory in the setting of ( α,β, ψ,ϕ )-interpolative contractions. Advances in Difference Equations, 2021, Article 339. 10.1186/s13662-021-03491-w.
XIV. Kilbas, A. A., Srivastava, H. M., & Trujillo, J. J. (Eds.). (2006). Theory and applications of fractional differential equations (Vol. 204, pp. 1-523). Elsevier. 10.1016/S0304-0208(06)80001-0
XV. Khojasteh, F., Shukla, S., & Radenovic, S. (2015). A new approach to the study of fixed point theory for simulation functions. Filomat, 26(6), 1189-1194. 10.2298/FIL1506189K
XVI. Kirk, W. A. (2003). Fixed points of asymptotic contractions. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. Vol. 277 (2), 15 January 2003, Pages 645-650. 10.1016/S0022-247X(02)00612-1
XVII. Li, X., Hussain, A., Adeel, M., & Savas, E. (2019). Fixed point theorems for Z_ ∀-contraction and applications to nonlinear integral equations. IEEE Access, 7, 120023-120032. 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933693
XVIII. Liu, X., Chang, S., Xiao, Y., & Zhao, L. (2016). Existence of fixed points for Θ-type contraction and Θ-type Suzuki contraction in complete metric spaces. Fixed Point Theory and Applications, 2016, Article 8. 10.1186/s13663-016-0496-5
XIX. Liu, X. L., Ansari, A. H., Chandok, S., & Radenovic, S. (2018). On some results in metric spaces using auxiliary simulation functions via new functions. Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications, 24(6), 1103-1114.
XX. Long, H. V., Son, N. T. K., & Rodríguez-López, R. (2017). Some generalizations of fixed point theorems in partially ordered metric spaces and applications to partial differential equations with uncertainty. Vietnam Journal of Mathematics, 46, 531-555. 10.1007/s10013-017-0254-y.
XXI. Nieto, J. J., & López, R. R. (2005). Contractive mapping theorems in partially ordered sets and applications to ordinary differential equations. Order, 22(3), 223-239. 10.1007/s11083-005-9018-5.
XXII. Radenovic, S., Vetro, F., & Vujakovic, J. (2017). An alternative and easy approach to fixed point results via simulation functions. Demonstratio Mathematica, 50(1), 224-231.
XXIII. Rao, N. S., Aloqaily, A., & Mlaiki, N. (2024). Result – n fixed points in b-metric space by altering distance functions. Heliyon, 10(7), e33962. 1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33962.
XXIV. Rashwan, R. A., Hammad, H. A., Gamal, M., Omran, S., & De la Sen, M. (2024). Fixed point methodologies for ψ-contraction mappings in cone metric spaces over Banach algebra with supportive applications. International Journal of Analysis and Applications, 22, 120. 10.28924/2291-8639-22-2024120
XXV. Rezapour, S., & Haghi, R. H. (2008). Some notes on the paper “Cone metric spaces and fixed point theorems of contractive mappings.” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 345(2), 719-724. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.04.049

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

ON THE EQUATION OF STATE IN STRUCTURE WITH ENERGY AND CHEMICAL POTENTIALS – A STATE OF THE ART SHORT COMMUNICATION

Authors:

Andrzej Sluzalec

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00005

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

This article presents a state of the art of the author's works on problems of energy in structures with thermal and chemical potentials. The theoretical considerations are conducted to present the energy equations in such a structure. The thermodynamics state equations are given.

Keywords:

Chemical Potential,Energy Potential,Heat Flow,State Equations,Thermomechanics,

Refference:

I. Shewmon P. G.: Diffusion in Solids. McGraw-Hill, New York,1963. 10.4236/msce
II. Sluzalec A. Thermoplasticity with diffusion in welding problems, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 74, 8, 2008, pp 1329-1343. 10.1002/nme.2214
III. Sluzalec A. Materials with Thermo-Diffusive Hardening, Advanced Materials Research, 284-286, 2011 pp1643-1646. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.284-286.1643
IV. Sluzalec A. Introduction to Nonlinear Thermomechanics, Spinger, 1996. 10.1007/978-1-4471-1906-7
V. Sluzalec A. Theory of metal forming plasticity, Springer,2004. 10.1007/978-3-662-10449-1

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

A HIGH-EFFICIENCY SEVEN-LEVEL INVERTER WITH SELF-BALANCED SWITCHED-CAPACITOR TOPOLOGY VALIDATED THROUGH PLECS SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Authors:

Muthan Eswaran Paramasivam, P. Darwin, Supriya Sahu, Venkata Satya Durga Manohar Sahu, Subash Ranjan Kabat, Aiswarya Rajalaxmi, Anton Amala Praveen, Bijaya Kumar Mohapatra, Bibhu Prasad Ganthia

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00006

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

This research introduces a novel seven-level switched-capacitor inverter (SCI) topology designed to achieve high efficiency and reduced component count. The proposed SCI utilizes a DC input source, consisting of only twelve switches and two capacitors, to generate a seven-level output voltage. This topology stands out for its ability to self-balance capacitor voltages, resulting in reduced voltage stress on the switches and minimizing the need for complex external components such as a backend H-bridge. The proposed SCI is its ability to deliver a threefold increase in output voltage relative to the input, effectively boosting voltage without additional step-up transformers. The article provides a comprehensive comparison with existing SCI topologies, demonstrating the superior benefits of the proposed design, such as fewer components, lower cost, and enhanced performance. Both simulation results and experimental outcomes validate the efficacy of the suggested SCI in various operating conditions, confirming its potential for practical applications in power conversion systems. The laboratory test setup for the seven-level MLI prototype further corroborates the functionality and robustness of the proposed design. Utilizing PLECS simulation software, the performance of twelve semiconductor switches (S1 to S12) was evaluated in terms of their power dissipation characteristics. This novel topology presents significant advancements in multilevel inverter technology, offering improved efficiency and reliability for a wide range of applications, including renewable energy integration and electrical power distribution systems.

Keywords:

Boosting factor,Cost function,Multilevel Inverter,Reduced Component Count,Seven-Level Inverter,Self-Balancing,Switched-Capacitor Topology.,

Refference:

I. C. K. Barick, B. K. Mohapatra, S. R. Kabat, K. Jena, B. P. Ganthia and C. K. Panigrahi, “Review on Scenario of Wind Power Generation and Control,” 2022 1st IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics: Developments & Applications (ICIDeA), Bhubaneswar, India, 2022, pp. 12-17. 10.1109/ICIDeA53933.2022.9970193.
II. Devraj PA, Subramanian SS, Durairaj U, Ganthia BP, Upadhyaya M. Matlab/Simulink Based THD Reduction Using Active Power Filters. Design Engineering. 2021 Jun 6:1990-7.
III. Durairaj U, Khillo A, Priyadarshini S, Ganthia BP, Koyyeda R. Design and Implementation of Power System Performance Improvement by Using Pfc. Design Engineering. 2021 Jun 2:1366-76.
IV. Fong, Y. C., Cheng, K. W. E., and Raman, S. R., “A Modular Concept Development for Resonant Soft-Charging Step-Up Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter for High-frequency AC Distribution and Applications,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics. 10.1109/JESTPE.2020.3043126.
V. Ganthia, B. P., & Praveen, B. M. (2023). Review on scenario of wind power generations in India. Electrical Engineering, 13(2), 1-27p.
VI. Ganthia, B. P., Abhisikta, A., Pradhan, D., & Pradhan, A. (2018). A variable structured TCSC controller for power system stability enhancement. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1), 665-672.
VII. Ganthia, B. P., Agarwal, V., Rout, K., & Pardhe, M. K. (2017, March). Optimal control study in DFIG based wind energy conversion system using PI & GA. In 2017 International Conference on Power and Embedded Drive Control (ICPEDC) (pp. 343-347). IEEE.
VIII. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2020). Shunt connected FACTS devices for LVRT capability enhancement in WECS. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 10(3), 5819-5823.
IX. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2021). Wind turbines in energy conversion system: Types & techniques. Renewable energy and future power systems, 199-217.
X. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2021, September). Sliding Mode Control and Genetic Algorithm Optimized Removal of Wind Power and Torque Nonlinearities in Mathematical Modeled Type-III Wind Turbine System. In 2021 9th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
XI. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2022). Comparative analysis of various types of control techniques for wind energy conversion system. In Modeling and Control of Static Converters for Hybrid Storage Systems (pp. 143-174). IGI Global.
XII. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2022). Genetic Algorithm Optimized and Type-I fuzzy logic controlled power smoothing of mathematical modeled Type-III DFIG based wind turbine system. Materials Today: Proceedings, 56, 3355-3365.
XIII. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2022). Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network Optimized Stability Analysis in Modified Mathematical Modeled Type-III Wind Turbine System Using Bode Plot and Nyquist Plot. ECS Transactions, 107(1), 5663.
XIV. Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., Nayak, B., Priyadarshi, N., Padmanaban, S., Hiran, K. K., … & Bansal, R. C. (2021). 2 Power control of modified type III DFIG-based wind turbine system using four-mode type I fuzzy logic controller. Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things for Renewable Energy Systems, 12, 41.
XV. Ganthia, B. P., Choudhury, S., Mohanty, S., & Acharya, S. K. (2022, February). Mechanical Design and Power Analysis of Type-III Wind Turbine System using Computational Fluid Dynamics. In 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
XVI. Ganthia, B. P., Mohanty, M., & Maherchandani, J. K. (2022). Power analysis using various types of wind turbines. In Modeling and Control of Static Converters for Hybrid Storage Systems (pp. 271-286). IGI Global.
XVII. Ganthia, B. P., Panda, S., Remamany, K. P., Chaturvedi, A., Begum, A. Y., Mohan, G., … & Ishwarya, S. (2025). Experimental techniques for enhancing PV panel efficiency through temperature reduction using water cooling and colour filters. Electrical Engineering, 1-27.
XVIII. Ganthia, B. P., Pradhan, R., Das, S., & Ganthia, S. (2017, August). Analytical study of MPPT based PV system using fuzzy logic controller. In 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS) (pp. 3266-3269). IEEE.
XIX. Ganthia, B. P., Praveen, B. M., Barkunan, S. R., Marthanda, A. V. G. A., Kumar, N. M. G., & Kaliappan, S. ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN HYBRID PV-WIND-BATTERY STORAGE-BASED MICROGRID USING MONTE CARLO OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE.
XX. Ganthia, B. P., Praveen, B. M., Kabat, S. R., Mohapatra, B. K., Sethi, R., & Buradi, A. (2024). Energy management in hybrid Pv-wind-battery storage-based microgrid using droop control technique. J Mech Contin Math Sci, 19(10), 44-66.
XXI. Ganthia, B. P., Pritam, A., Rout, K., Singhsamant, S., & Nayak, J. (2018). Study of AGC in two-area hydro-thermal power system. Advances in Power Systems and Energy Management: ETAEERE-2016, 393-401.
XXII. Ganthia, B. P., Rana, P. K., Patra, T., Pradhan, R., & Sahu, R. (2018). Design and analysis of gravitational search algorithm based TCSC controller in power system. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1), 841-847.
XXIII. Ganthia, B. P., Rana, P. K., Pattanaik, S. A., Rout, K., & Mohanty, S. (2016, June). Space vector pulse width modulation fed direct torque control of induction motor drive using matlab-simulink. In 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Engineering Trends, Communication, Optimization and Sciences (EEECOS 2016) (pp. 1-5). IET.
XXIV. Ganthia, B. P., S. K. Barik, and B. Nayak, 2021. Low voltage ride through capability enhancement using series connected fact devices in wind energy conversion system. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 16(1), pp.365-384.
XXV. Ganthia, B. P., S. K. Barik, and B. Nayak. “Hardware in Loop (THIL 402) Validated Type-I Fuzzy Logic Control of Type-III Wind Turbine System under Transients.” Journal of Electrical Systems 17, no. 1 (2021): 28-51.
XXVI. Ganthia, B. P., S. K. Barik, and B. Nayak. “Wind Turbines in Energy Conversion System: Types & Techniques.” In Renewable Energy and Future Power Systems, pp. 199-217. Springer, Singapore, 2021.
XXVII. Ganthia, B. P., Sahu, P. K., & Mohanty, A. Minimization Of Total Harmonic Distortion Using Pulse Width Modulation Technique. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN, 2278-1676.
XXVIII. Ganthia, B. P., Subrat Kumar Barik, and Byamakesh Nayak. “Transient analysis of grid integrated stator voltage oriented controlled type-III DFIGdriven wind turbine energy system.” Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences 15, no. 6 (2020): 139-157.
XXIX. Ganthia, B. P., Suriyakrishnaan, K., Prakash, N., Harinarayanan, J., Thangaraj, M., & Mishra, S. (2022). Comparative Analysis on Various Types of Energy Storage Devices for Wind Power Generation. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2161, No. 1, p. 012066). IOP Publishing.
XXX. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad, and Makarand Upadhyaya. “Bridgeless Ac/Dc Converter & Dc-Dc Based Power Factor Correction with Reduced Total Harmonic Distortion.” Design Engineering (2021): 2012-2018.
XXXI. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad, and Subrat Kumar Barik. “Steady-state and dynamic comparative analysis of PI and fuzzy logic controller in stator voltage oriented controlled DFIG fed wind energy conversion system.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 101, no. 3 (2020): 273-286.
XXXII. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad, et al. “Machine Learning Strategy to Achieve Maximum Energy Harvesting and Monitoring Method for Solar Photovoltaic Panel Applications.” International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (2022).
XXXIII. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad, Rosalin Pradhan, Rajashree Sahu, and Aditya Kumar Pati. “Artificial ant colony optimized direct torque control of mathematically modeled induction motor drive using pi and sliding mode controller.” In Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives, pp. 389-408. Springer, Singapore, 2021.
XXXIV. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad, Subrat Kumar Barik, and Byamakesh Nayak. “Shunt connected FACTS devices for LVRT capability enhancement in WECS.” Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (2020): 5819-5823.
XXXV. Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad. “Application of hybrid facts devices in DFIG based wind energy system for LVRT capability enhancements.” J. Mech. Cont. Math. Sci 15, no. 6 (2020): 245-256.
XXXVI. Gu, Ji, Wang, Wei, Yin, Rong, Truong, Chinh V and Ganthia, Bibhu Prasad. “Complex circuit simulation and nonlinear characteristics analysis of GaN power switching device” Nonlinear Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, 2021, pp. 555-562. 10.1515/nleng-2021-0046.
XXXVII. Hinago, Y. and Koizumi, H., “A switched-capacitor inverter using series/parallel conversion with an inductive load,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 878–887, Feb. 2012.
XXXVIII. Joseph, L. and Ganthia, B.P., 2021. Ann Based Speed Control of Brush less DC Motor Using DC DC Converter. Design Engineering, pp.1998-2011.
XXXIX. Kabat, S. R., & Panigrahi, C. K. (2022). Power quality and low voltage ride through capability enhancement in wind energy system using unified power quality conditioner (UPQC). ECS Transactions, 107(1), 5655.
XL. Kabat, S. R., Panigrahi, C. K., & Ganthia, B. P. (2022). Comparative analysis of fuzzy logic and synchronous reference frame controlled LVRT capability enhancement in wind energy system using DVR and STATCOM. In Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements: Proceedings of ISSETA 2021 (pp. 423-433). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
XLI. Kabat, S. R., Panigrahi, C. K., Ganthia, B. P., Barik, S. K., & Nayak, B. (2022). Implementation and analysis of mathematical modeled drive train system in type III wind turbines using computational fluid dynamics. Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal, 16(1), 180-189.
XLII. Kabat, Subash Ranjan, and Bibhu Prasad Ganthia, Chinmoy Kumar Panigrahi. “Fuzzy Logic and Synchronous Reference Frame Controlled LVRT Capability Enhancement in Wind Energy System using DVR.” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12.6 (2021): 4899-4907.
XLIII. Khan, M. A., Prasad, R., and Zhang, L., “A Transformerless Multilevel Inverter Using Switched-Capacitor Units for Grid Integration,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 1123–1135, Feb. 2024, 10.1109/TPEL.2023.3356210.
XLIV. Khounjahan, H., Abapour, M., and Zare, K., “Switched-capacitor based single source cascaded h-bridge multilevel inverter featuring boosting ability,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 1113–1124, Feb. 2019.
XLV. L Vadivel Kannan, J. N. D. D. V. M. M. S. R. K. Ganthia, B. P., N. C. R., . (2021). Cascade H Bridge Multilevel Inverter with Pwm for Lower Thd, Emi & Rfi Reduction. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(6), 2972–2977. https://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/6013.
XLVI. Lee, S. S., Bak, Y., and Kim, S. M., “New Family of Boost Switched-Capacitor 7-Level Inverters (BSC7LI),” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 10471–10479, 2019.
XLVII. Liu, J., Zhu, X., and Zeng, J., “A seven-level inverter with self-balancing and low-voltage stress,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 685–696, Mar. 2020, 10.1109/JESTPE.2018.2879890.
XLVIII. Maherchandani, J. K., Joshi, R. R., Tirole, R., Swami, R. K., & Ganthia, B. P. (2022). Performance Comparison Analysis of Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. In Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives: Select Proceedings of EPREC 2021 (pp. 245-254). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
XLIX. Mannam P, Manchireddy S, Ganthia BP. Grid Tied PV with Reduced THD Using NN and PWM Techniques. Design Engineering. 2021 Jun 6:2019-27.
L. Mehta, S. B. and Rout, T. J., “Hybrid Control of a Self-Charging Switched-Capacitor Based Seven-Level Inverter for PV Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 21789–21798, 2024. 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3357892.
LI. Mishra, S., Ganthia, B. P., Sridharan, A., Rajakumar, P., Padmapriya, D., & Kaliappan, S. (2022). Optimization of load forecasting in smartgrid using artificial neural network based NFTOOL and NNTOOL. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2161, No. 1, p. 012068). IOP Publishing.

LII. Mohanty, M., Nayak, N., Ganthia, B. P., & Behera, M. K. (2023, June). Power Smoothening of Photovoltaic System using Dynamic PSO with ESC under Partial Shading Condition. In 2023 International Conference in Advances in Power, Signal, and Information Technology (APSIT) (pp. 675-680). IEEE.
LIII. Narayan, V., Reddy, K. C., and Lee, H., “Optimized PWM for a Self-Balancing Seven-Level Switched-Capacitor Inverter in EV Charging Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 612–621, Mar. 2024. 10.1109/TTE.2023.3342084.
LIV. Pahadasingh, S., Jena, C., Panigrahi, C. K., & Ganthia, B. P. (2022). JAYA Algorithm-Optimized Load Frequency Control of a Four-Area Interconnected Power System Tuning Using PID Controller. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(3), 8646-8651.
LV. Peng, W., Ni, Q., Qiu, X., and Ye, Y., “Seven-Level Inverter with Self-Balanced Switched-Capacitor and Its Cascaded Extension,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 11889–11896, 2019.
LVI. Pragati, A., Ganthia, B.P., Panigrahi, B.P. (2021). Genetic Algorithm Optimized Direct Torque Control of Mathematically Modeled Induction Motor Drive Using PI and Sliding Mode Controller. In: Kumar, J., Jena, P. (eds) Recent Advances in Power Electronics and Drives. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 707. Springer, Singapore. 10.1007/978-981-15-8586-9_32.
LVII. Pritam, A., Sahu, S., Rout, S. D., Ganthia, S., & Ganthia, B. P. (2017, August). Automatic generation control study in two area reheat thermal power system. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 225, No. 1, p. 012223). IOP Publishing.
LVIII. Priyadarshini, L., Kundu, S., Maharana, M. K., & Ganthia, B. P. (2022). Controller Design for the Pitch Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 12(4), 8967-8971.
LIX. Refaai, M. R. A., Dhanesh, L., Ganthia, B. P., Mohanty, M., Subbiah, R., & Anbese, E. M. (2022). Design and Implementation of a Floating PV Model to Analyse the Power Generation. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2022.
LX. Rubavathy, S. J., Venkatasubramanian, R., Kumar, M. M., Ganthia, B. P., Kumar, J. S., Hemachandu, P., & Ramkumar, M. S. (2021, September). Smart Grid Based Multiagent System in Transmission Sector. In 2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
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LXIII. Samal, S. K., Jena, S., Ganthia, B. P., Kaliappan, S., Sudhakar, M., & Kalyan, S. S. (2022). Sensorless Speed Contorl of Doubly-Fed Induction Machine Using Reactive Power Based MRAS. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 2161, No. 1, p. 012069). IOP Publishing.
LXIV. Satpathy, S.R., Pradhan, S., Pradhan, R., Sahu, R., Biswal, A.P., Ganthia, B.P. (2021). Direct Torque Control of Mathematically Modeled Induction Motor Drive Using PI-Type-I Fuzzy Logic Controller and Sliding Mode Controller. In: Udgata, S.K., Sethi, S., Srirama, S.N. (eds) Intelligent Systems. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 185. Springer, Singapore. 10.1007/978-981-33-6081-5_21.
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LXIX. Xie, Hui, Yatao Wang, Zhiliang Gao, Bibhu Prasad Ganthia, and Chinh V. Truong. “Research on frequency parameter detection of frequency shifted track circuit based on nonlinear algorithm.” Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (2021): 592-599.
LXX. Zheng, W., Mehbodniya, A., Neware, R., Wawale, S. G., Ganthia, B. P., & Shabaz, M. (2022). Modular unmanned aerial vehicle platform design: Multi-objective evolutionary system method. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 99, 107838.

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION USING SUPER DENSE CODING

Authors:

Tamal Deb, Jyotsna Kumar Mandal, Deeptanu Sen

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00007

August 15, 2025

Abstract:

Built based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables secure communication for distant parties. Entanglement-based protocols are a type of QKD protocol that uses the phenomenon of entanglement for detecting eavesdroppers between two communicating parties. In this paper, a novel QKD protocol is devised that uses the concept of superdense coding and padding bits to share the one-time pad, i.e., the key. The super dense coding is achieved by sharing a pre-existing entangled pair of qubits by leveraging the beautiful property of entanglement. The communicating parties can share a one-time pad using this protocol securely. This paper will demonstrate this phenomenon using the proposed protocol by showing the experimental results which has been surfaced with IBM Qiskit simulator, and the simulation establishes the applicability of the protocol and shows its effectiveness in detecting eavesdropping attempts while being simple to implement.

Keywords:

Entanglement,Guard Qubit,QKD,Qiskit,Secret Key,

Refference:

I. Bennett, C. H. and Brassard, G. “Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing.”, International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, India, pp. 175-179, (1984). 10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025.
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IV. Gao, F., Liu, B., Wen, Q., Chen, H. “Quantum Key Distribution: Simulation and Characterizations”. Elsevier Procedia Computer Science, Volume 65, pp. 701, (2015), 10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.014
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VI. Mermin, N. D. “Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction.” Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 978-0521876582. (2007)
VII. Mina, M.Z., Simion, E. “A Scalable Simulation of the BB84 Protocol Involving Eavesdropping”. Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications, pp. 91–109, Springer International Publishing, Cham, (2021), 10.1007/978-3-030-69255-1_7
VIII. Nielsen, M. A. and Chuang, I. L. “Quantum Computation and Quantum Information”, Cambridge University Press, ISBN-13: 978-0521635035, (2000).
IX. Pirandola, S. et al. “Advances in quantum cryptography”. Adv. Opt. Photonics 12, pp. 1012–1236, (2020), 10.1364/AOP.361502
X. Portmann, C. and Renner, R. “Cryptographic security of quantum key distribution”. arXiv:1409.3525v1, (2014), 10.48550/arXiv.1409.3525
XI. Reddy, S., Mandal, S. and Mohan, C. “Comprehensive Study of BB84, A Quantum Key Distribution Protocol, (2023), 10.13140/RG.2.2.31905.28008.
XII. Shaik E. H. and Nakkeeran R. “Implementation of Quantum Gates based Logic Circuits using IBM Qiskit”. International Conference on Computing, Communication & Security, (2020), 10.1109/ICCCS49678.2020.9277010

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

RENTAL COST REDUCTION IN TWO-STAGE HYBRID FSSP USING BB: A MATLAB-BASED COMPARISON WITH GA

Authors:

Kanika Gupta, Deepak Gupta, Sonia Goel

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00008

August 16, 2025

Abstract:

The paper addresses the classical two-stage FSSP with a single machine in the second stage and equipotential machines in the first. The uniqueness of this problem arises from the fact that the machine at the second stage is rented, with the objective being to minimize the rental cost. Efficient scheduling of jobs is critical in such environments to optimize resource usage and reduce operational costs. A distinguishing feature of this study is the representation of processing times on both stages using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, which better capture uncertainty and variability in processing times compared to deterministic values. This fuzzy representation aligns well with real-world scenarios where exact processing times are often unavailable or subject to fluctuations. This paper's primary contribution is the creation of an optimization algorithm that uses the branch and bound (B&B) approach to tackle the issue. By breaking the problem space down into smaller subproblems and utilizing bounds to exclude less likely solutions, the B&B technique methodically explores the solution space. This method minimizes the expense of renting the second-stage machine while guaranteeing the identification of the ideal timetable. The fuzzy nature of the problem adds complexity to the scheduling task, as it requires handling the fuzziness in processing times while maintaining optimality. To ensure the robustness of the algorithm, it is implemented in MATLAB and tested against a variety of job sequences and machine configurations, along with the comparison of results with GA.

Keywords:

Idle time,Rental cost,Trapezoidal Fuzzy processing time,Utilization time,

Refference:

I. Alburaikan, Alhanouf, et al. “A Novel Approach for Minimizing Processing Times of Three-Stage Flow Shop Scheduling Problems under Fuzziness.” Symmetry, vol. 15, no. 1, Jan. 2023. 10.3390/sym15010130
II. Alharbi, Majed G., and Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa. “On a Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem with Fuzzy Pentagonal Processing Time.” Journal of Mathematics, vol. 2021, 2021. 10.1155/2021/6695174
III. Ben-Daya, Mohamed, and M. Al-Fawzan. “A Tabu Search Approach for the Flow Shop Scheduling Problem.” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 109, no. 1, 1998, pp. 88–95. 10.1016/S0377-2217(97)00136-7
IV. El-Morsy, Salwa, et al. “On Employing Pythagorean Fuzzy Processing Time to Minimize Machine Rental Cost.” AIMS Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 7, 2023, pp. 17259–71. 10.3934/math.2023882.
V. Gupta, Deepak, et al. “3-stage specially structured flow shop scheduling to minimize the rental cost including transportation time, job weightage and job block criteria.” European Journal of Business and Management 7.4 (2015): 1-7. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/view/20232
VI. Gupta, Deepak, and Sonia Goel. “Three Stage Flow Shop Scheduling Model with Equipotential Machines.” International Journal on Future Revolution in Computer Science & Communication Engineering IJFRCSCE, 2018. https://www.ijrar.org/papers/IJRAR19J1166.pdf
VII. Gupta, Deepak, and Sonia Goel. “Two Stage Flow Shop Scheduling Model Including Transportation Time with Equipotential Machines at Every Stage.” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 8, no. 12, Oct. 2019, pp. 5090–94. 10.35940/ijitee.L2740.1081219.
VIII. Holland, John H. “Genetic Algorithms.” Scientific American, vol. 267, no. 1, 1992, pp. 66–73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24939139.
IX. Ignall, Edward, and Linus Schrage. “Application of the Branch and Bound Technique to Some Flow-Shop Scheduling Problems.” Operations Research, vol. 13, no. 3, 1965, pp. 400–12. 10.1287/opre.13.3.400.
X. Johnson, S. M. “With Setup Times Included.” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, vol. 1, 1954, pp. 61–68. 10.1002/nav.3800010110
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XII. Lomnicki, Z. A. “A ‘Branch-and-Bound’ Algorithm for the Exact Solution of the Three-Machine Scheduling Problem.” Or, vol. 16, no. 1, 1965, p. 89, 10.2307/3006687

XIII. Malhotra, Khushboo, and Sonia Goel. Comparison of Bb With Meta-Heuristic Approach in Optimization of Three Stage Fss With Multiple Processors. 2023, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2822556/v1
XIV. Narain, Laxmi. “Optimize Renting Times of Machines in Flow-Shop Scheduling.” International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 2, no. 5, 2015, p. 257919. https://www.ijeas.org/download_data/IJEAS0205053.pdf
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XVII. Sathish, Shakeela, and K. Ganesan. “Flow Shop Scheduling Problem to Minimize the Rental Cost under Fuzzy Environment.” Journal of Natural Sciences Research, vol. 2, no. 10, 2012, pp. 62–68. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JNSR/article/view/3757/3806.
XVIII. Shahsavari-Pour, Nasser, et al. “A Novel Pareto-Optimal Algorithm for Flow Shop Scheduling Problem.” Mathematics 2024, Vol. 12, Page 2951, vol. 12, no. 18, Sep. 2024, p. 2951. 10.3390/MATH12182951
XIX. Singla, Shakuntala, et al. “No Idle Flow Shop Scheduling Models with Separated Set-up Times and Concept of Job Weightage to Optimize Rental Cost of Machines.” Journal of Project Management (Canada), vol. 9, no. 2, Apr. 2024, pp. 101–08. 10.5267/j.jpm.2024.2.001
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XXI. Tomazella, Caio Paziani, and Marcelo Seido Nagano. “A Comprehensive Review of Branch-and-Bound Algorithms: Guidelines and Directions for Further Research on the Flowshop Scheduling Problem.” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 158, Elsevier Ltd, 15 Nov. 2020. 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113556
XXII. Umam, Moch Saiful, et al. “A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search for Minimizing Makespan in Flow Shop Scheduling Problem.” Journal of King Saud University – Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 34, no. 9, Oct. 2022, pp. 7459–67, 10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.08.025
XXIII. Wang, L., et al. “A Class of Hypothesis-Test-Based Genetic Algorithms for Flow Shop Scheduling with Stochastic Processing Time.” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 25, no. 11–12, Jun. 2005, pp. 1157–63. 10.1007/S00170-003-1961-Y/METRICS.

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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

HOW TOUGH IS RATTAN? INSIGHTS FROM CHARPY IMPACT TESTING ON SINGLE FIBRES

Authors:

M. S. Pazlin, M.Y. Yuhazri, N. Hassan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00009

August 16, 2025

Abstract:

Rattan, a widely used non-timber forest product in Malaysia, plays a crucial role in the furniture and craft industries due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits compared to synthetic fibres such as lignocellulosic fibre. Despite its potential, limited research has been conducted on the incorporation of rattan fibres into polymeric composites. This study investigates the impact resistance of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with rattan fibres, particularly in laminated hybrid configurations with aramid. Composites were fabricated using the vacuum bagging technique, and impact strength was assessed through Charpy impact tests per ASTM standards. Various laminate stacking sequences and thicknesses were evaluated. The results revealed that impact strength improved with increased lamination thickness, with the optimal configuration being a 7-layer laminate comprising four plain-woven rattan layers and three aramid layers. This configuration achieved an average energy absorption of 26.10 J and a tensile strength of 372.89 kJ/m². Morphological analysis confirmed effective bonding between the natural and synthetic fibres, supporting the viability of hybrid composites for low-impact applications. Overall, the findings highlight rattan’s potential as a sustainable reinforcement material in polymeric composites, offering an eco-friendly alternative for enhancing the performance and sustainability of furniture and related products.

Keywords:

Impact strength,Lamination,Low-velocity impact,Mechanical properties,Stacking-configuration,

Refference:

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VII. Baltazar-y-Jimenez, Alexis, et al. “Atmospheric air pressure plasma treatment of lignocellulosic fibres: Impact on mechanical properties and adhesion to cellulose acetate butyrate.” Composites Science and Technology 68.1 (2008): 215-227. 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.04.028
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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025

HYPERSOFT GENERALIZED COMPACTNESS AND CONNECTEDNESS IN HYPERSOFT TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

Authors:

S. Mythili, A. Arokialancy

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2025.08.00010

August 16, 2025

Abstract:

In this paper, we have introduced the notion of hypersoft generalized compactness and generalized connectedness in hypersoft topological spaces. We have also defined the core concepts and explored the key properties that connect them. Finally, the notion of hypersoft generalized compactness and connectedness of hypersoft topological spaces is proposed, and some related properties are discussed.

Keywords:

Hypersoft generalized compactness,Hypersoft generalized connectedness,Hypersoft topological spaces,

Refference:

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XII. Sagvan Y. Musa, Baravan A. Asaad, ‘Hypersoft Topological Spaces’, Neutrosophic Sets and Systems, Vol. 49, 2022 401 https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nss_journal/vol49/iss1/26/
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Journal Vol – 20 No – 8, August 2025