Authors:
Tamara Z. Fadhil,Ameer A. Kareim Al-Sahlawi,DOI NO:
https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2026.07.00008Keywords:
Kite-shaped antenna,mmWave,beam tilting,UAV collision avoidance,5G/6G,high-gain patch antenna.,Abstract
A high-gain, beam-tilted, kite-shaped patch antenna design is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication and autonomous sensing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proposed antenna is based on a novel asymmetric kite-shaped radiator and a non-uniform via fence to achieve passive beam steering without the complications of phased-array architectures. Full-wave simulations performed in CST Studio Suite show that the impedance bandwidth is −10 dB at the center frequency of 30 GHz in the Ka band (26–38 GHz). The antenna achieves a peak realized gain of 8.58 dBi, with a passive beam tilt of 49° and an 80.2° 3 dB beamwidth, and is designed for drone-to-ground (D2G) wireless communication applications and lateral obstacle detection. The antenna is integrated on a UAV platform for practical testing. The results indicate that a 5 mm air gap is effective in suppressing platform-induced electromagnetic coupling, with minimal beam and pattern distortion. The proposed structure is a compact, lightweight, single-port design that offers a low-complexity solution for next-generation 5G/6G UAV communication systems without requiring a phased array or mechanical beam-steering mechanism.Refference:
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