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GENERAL ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF AN ELASTIC BEAM UNDER VARYING LOADS WITH VALIDATION

Authors:

Hafeezullah Channa, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Kamran Malik

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.11.00004

Abstract:

In this paper, we take into account the system of differential equations with boundary conditions of a fixed elastic beam model (EBM). Instead of finding a solution of EBM for a particularly specified load, which is the usual practice, we derive the general analytical solution of the model using techniques of integrations. The proposed general analytical solutions are not load-specific but can be used for any load without having to integrate successively again and again. We have considered load in a general polynomial form and obtained a general analytical solution for the deflection and slope parameters of EBM. Direct solutions have been determined under two types of loads: uniformly distributed load and linearly varying load. The formulation derived has been validated on the known cases of uniformly distributed load as appears frequently in the literature.

Keywords:

Elastic beam,General analytical solution,Deflection,Slope,

Refference:

I. Babak Mansoori, Ashkan Torabi, Arash Totonch (2020). ‘Numerical investigation of the reinforced concrete beams using cfrp rebar, steel sheets and gfrp’. J. Mech. Cont.& math. Sci., vol.-15, no.-3, pp 195-204.
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IV. Malik, Kamran, Shaikh, Abdul Wasim and Shaikh, Muhammad Mujtaba. (2021). “An efficient finite difference scheme for the numerical solution of Timoshenko beam model. Journal of mechanics of continua and mathematical sciences”, 16 (5): 76-88..
V. Malik, Kamran, Shaikh, Muhammad Mujtaba and Shaikh, Abdul Wasim. (2021).“On exact analytical solutions of the Timoshenko beam model under uniform and variable loads. Journal of mechanics of continua and mathematical sciences”, 16 (5): 66-75.
VI. Timoshenko SP (1921). On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse Vibrations of prismatic bars, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 41(245): 744-746.
VII. Timoshenko, S. (1953). History of strength of materials. New York: McGraw-Hill Charles V. Jones, “The Unified Theory of Electrical Machines”, London, 1967.

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FEASIBILITY OF ADOPTION AND OVERVIEW OF ONLINE LEARNING IN INSTITUTES OF PAKISTAN AFTER COVID-19: AN INSTRUCTORS AND LEARNERS PERSPECTIVE

Authors:

Fariha Shaikh, Sania Bhatti, Shafqat Shahzoor Chandio, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.12.00001

Abstract:

The educational process grows intellectual and critical thinking which helps a person to make correct or optimal decisions by using logic, calculations, and experiments. This factor helps a person to use available resources in an optimal way to maximize the outcome. Unfortunately, along with all other areas, the educational process was seized initially during COVID-19 as well. To continue the education process in lockdowns, academia has shifted from traditional learning (TL) towards the online learning (OL) process. Instructors and learners of different academies belong to different fields and backgrounds. Thus, it is not easy to smoothly adopt OL for all of them. Therefore, this study is aimed to conduct a survey to check the feasibility of the adoption of OL for both types of audiences i.e. instructors and learners. The purpose is to compare the thoughts of both audiences and find the difference between them by using different descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and to have a brief overview of OL and TL in the academies of Pakistan. This study will help academies to understand the flaws, gaps, and limitations of OL from instructors' and learners' perspectives as the gaps can be filled by improving existing approaches to make the OL system smoothly adoptable by everyone in Pakistan in the future.

Keywords:

Online Learning,Traditional Learning,COVID-19,Instructor,Learners,

Refference:

I. Adane, Fentahun, Yoseph Merkeb Alamneh, and Melaku Desta. “Computer vision syndrome and predictors among computer users in Ethiopia: a systematic review and metaanalysis.” Tropical Medicine and Health 50.1 (2022): 1-12
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III. Alias NA &ZainuddinAM. Innovation for Better Teaching and Learning: Adopting the Learning Management System.Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology. 2005; 2(2): 27 – 40.
IV. Berstorff PC & Lowes SL. Student Perceptions and Opinions towards E-learning in the college environment. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal. 2007; 11(2): 13 – 30.
V. Bisht, Raj Kishor, Sanjay Jasola, and Ila Pant Bisht. “Acceptability and challenges of online higher education in the era of COVID-19: a study of students’ perspective.” Asian Education and Development Studies (2020).
VI. Blehm, Clayton, et al. “Computer vision syndrome: a review.” Survey of ophthalmology 50.3 (2005): 253-262. 15
VII. Chandra, Yamini. “Online education during COVID-19: perception of academic stress and emotional intelligence coping strategies among college students.” Asian education and development studies (2020).
VIII. Das, Pamela, and Richard Horton. “Rethinking our approach to physical activity.” Lancet (London, England) 380.9838 (2012): 189-190.
IX. Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of educational technology systems, 49(1), 5-22.
X. Elfaki, Nahid Khalil, Itedal Abdulraheem, and Rashida Abdulrahim. “Impact of e-learning vs traditional learning on student’s performance and attitude.” International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 8.10 (2019): 76-82.
XI. Fariha Shaikh, Shafiq-ur-Rehman, et al. (2022) “Effects of Online Educational System on Personal Health of Students and Teachers in COVID-19 Crises.” [in press].
XII. Hannay, Maureen, and Tracy Newvine. “Perceptions of distance learning: A comparison of online and traditional learning.” Journal of online learning and teaching 2.1 (2006): 1-11.Hscodhod
XIII. Holley D. Which Room is the Virtual Seminar in Please? Educational and Training. 2002; 44(3): 112 – 121.
XIV. Kumar, Naveen, and Nageshwar Sharma. “To determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among computer users: a descriptive study.” European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (EJMCM) 7.10 (2020): 2020.
XV. Lee, I-Min, et al. “Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy.” The lancet 380.9838 (2012): 219-229.
XVI. Valentina A. & Nelly A. The role of E-learning, the advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education.International Journal of Education and Research. 2014; 2(12): 397 -410.
XVII. Zarei-Zavaraki E &Rezael I. The impact of Using Electronic Portfolio on Attitude, Motivation and Educational Progress of Students’ Khaje Nasir Toosi University.Educational Measurement Periodical. 2011; 2(5): 67 – 96.

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GRAVITY SCORE: NEW METRIC TO MEASURE PLAGIARISM IN TEXT DOCUMENTS USING THE CONCEPT OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE

Authors:

Srijit Panja

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.12.00002

Abstract:

Present-day computational capabilities allow digital assets like images, videos, text, and audio have features comparable to those in real-world entities. Location is one such aspect. Similar to real-world bodies being represented by vectors on cartesian coordinates, digital media entities (like text, as discussed in this paper) when encoded, each component of the encoding representing a feature, conceptually should have a vector representation in each such encoding. The concept is put to practice by text encodings (embedding) techniques like Bag-of-words, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, Glove, and Transformer models like BERT, AlBERT etc which create vectors out of the text. This paper aims to use a combination of features in text analogous to mass and distance and propose a new plagiarism index cloning the formula of gravitational force. Parameters like the length of documents/number of words, semantics, frequency of each word, etc, one or many of which are often missed out in prevalent algorithms of text similarity calculations, are important for detecting and measuring plagiarism. The paper aims to consider all such possible parameters in the formulation of a new plagiarism metric to be coined as Gravity Score.

Keywords:

Natural Language Processing,Text Embedding,Text token,Gravitation,

Refference:

I. Abdi, H., and L. J. Williams. 2010. “Principal component analysis.” Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: computational statistics 2 (4): 433–459.
II. Alemi, A. A., and P. Ginsparg. 2015. “Text segmentation based on semantic word embeddings.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.05543.
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V. Chujo, K., and M. Utiyama. 2005. “Understanding the Role of Text Length, Sample Size and Vocabulary Size in Determining Text Coverage.” Reading in a foreign language 17 (1): 1–22.
VI. Danielsson, P.-E. 1980. “Euclidean distance mapping.” Computer Graphics and image processing 14 (3): 227– 248.
VII. Edelbaum, T. N. 1962. “Theory of maxima and minima.” In Mathematics in Science and Engineering, 5:1–32. Elsevier.
VIII. Fock, V. 2015. The theory of space, time and gravitation. Elsevier.
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XI. Kanada, Y. 1990. “A Vectorization Technique of Hashing and Its Application to Several Sorting Algorithms.” In PARBASE, 147–151.
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XIII. Mikolov, T., K. Chen, G. Corrado, and J. Dean. 2013. “Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781.

XIV. Morita, K., E.-S. Atlam, M. Fuketra, K. Tsuda, M. Oono, and J.-i. Aoe. 2004. “Word classification and hierarchy using co-occurrence word information.” Information processing & management 40 (6): 957–972.
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XVII. Pennington, J., R. Socher, and C. D. Manning. 2014. “Glove: Global vectors for word representation.” In Pro- ceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing (EMNLP), 1532– 1543.
XVIII. Ramos, J., et al. 2003. “Using tf-idf to determine word relevance in document queries.” In Proceedings of the first instructional conference on machine learning, 242:29–48. 1. New Jersey, USA.
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XXI. Verlinde, E. 2011. “On the origin of gravity and the laws of Newton.” Journal of High Energy Physics 2011 (4): 1–27.
XXII. Zhang, Y., R. Jin, and Z.-H. Zhou. 2010. “Understanding bag-of-words model: a statistical framework.” Interna- tional journal of machine learning and cybernetics 1 (1): 43–52.

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LINEAR TREND LINE ANALYSIS BY THE METHOD OF LEAST SQUARE FOR FORECASTING RICE YIELD IN BANGLADESH

Authors:

Saddam Hossain, Suman Kar, Mohammad Asif Arefin, Md. Kawsar Ahmed Asif, Hossain Ahmed5

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.12.00003

Abstract:

The method of curve fitting by the principle of the Least Square (L.S) method is a relevant and well-received method of trend analysis, especially to make a project for the future time. The Least Square (L.S) method helps to fit mathematical functions to a given data set. For this research, we accumulated data from the Yearbook of Agricultural Statistics of Bangladesh for the year 2007-08 to 2019-20 with the help of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) website. We arranged the data according to the proposed method and graphically represented it. This research aimed to forecast the production of rice in Bangladesh with trend line analysis by the method of Least Square (L.S) for the years 2020-21 to 2024-25. As a result, we found an upward trend line for the production of rice in Bangladesh. Therefore the production will be maximum in the year 2024-25.

Keywords:

Least Square Method,Linear Trend Line,Forecasting,Time series,Bangladesh,

Refference:

I. Abdulkabir, M., Tunde, R. S., & Edem, U. A. (2015). Trend analysis on road traffic accident in Nigeria. Science Innovation, 3(5), 52-57.
II. Adhikari, R., & Agrawal, R. K. (2013). An introductory study on time series modeling and forecasting. arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.6613.
III. Alam, M. S., Kalpoma, K., Karim, M. S., Al Sefat, A., & Kudoh, J. I. (2019, July). Boro Rice Yield Estimation Model Using Modis Ndvi Data for Bangladesh. In IGARSS 2019-2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (pp. 7330-7333). IEEE.
IV. Ara, J., Md. Moheuddin, M., Hossain, S., & Abdus Sattar Titu, M. (2020). A mathematical study of break-even analysis based on dairy farms in Bangladesh. International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 8(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijebo.20200802.13
V. Athiyarath, S., Paul, M., & Krishnaswamy, S. (2020). A comparative study and analysis of time series forecasting techniques. SN Computer Science, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00180-5
VI. Awal, M. A., & Siddique, M. A. B. (2011). Rice production in Bangladesh employing by ARIMA model. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(1), 51-62.
VII. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics-Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2021, from http://bbs.gov.bd/site/page/3e838eb6-30a2-4709-be85-40484b0c16c6/-
VIII. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2021, from http://www.brri.gov.bd/
IX. Bangladesh. Ricepedia. (n.d.). Retrieved December 15, 2021, from https://ricepedia.org/index.php/bangladesh
X. CAI, S., ZHANG, H., CHEN, H., & SHA, J. (2007). Research of piecewise cubic curve-fitting method based on least-square principle. Science technology and Engineering, 3.
XI. Chatfield, C. (2000). Time-series forecasting. CRC press.
XII. Chen, G., Ren, Z. L., & Sun, H. Z. (2005). Curve fitting in least-square method and its realization with Matlab. Ordnance industry automation, 3, 063.
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XVI. Hossain, M. A., Uddin, M. N., Hossain, M. A., & Jang, Y. M. (2017, October). Predicting rice yield for Bangladesh by exploiting weather conditions. In 2017 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC) (pp. 589-594). IEEE.
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A STUDY INTO THE CUTTING-EDGE ADVANCEMENTS IN MATHEMATICS WITH REFERENCE TO COMPUTER SCIENCE

Authors:

Gundu Srinivasa Rao, Panem Charanarur

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.12.00004

Abstract:

  Mathematical research in the ancient world was especially interesting when put in the context of philosophical ideas. No country has ever thrived without investing heavily in its children's education. It is crucial to achieving this requirement in order to be classified as a “Developed Nation” within a certain time limit. Allocating sufficient funds to Math and Computer Science programs at all educational levels is essential. In contrast to the study of mathematics for practical purposes, pure mathematics focuses only on the study of mathematical ideas themselves. Although the inspiration for these ideas sometimes comes from real-world problems, and the solutions often have practical applications, pure mathematicians are not typically driven by the potential utility of their work. Mathematics has been essential in the IT revolution. There are many examples of how computer science has contributed to modern life, including the information technology sector, the manufacturing sector, satellites, electronic banking and commerce, the communication revolution, the global positioning system (GPS), the geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and many more.

Keywords:

Mathematics,Education,Computer Science,Pure mathematics,Applied Mathematics,Real-world Applications,Practical Applications,Information Technology,Satellites,E-Banking,E-Commerce,Communication Technology,Remote Sensing,

Refference:

I. A. Ali, S. Talpur and S. Narejo, “Detecting Faulty Sensors by Analyzing the Uncertain Data Using Probabilistic Database,” 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 2020, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/iCoMET48670.2020.9074069.
II. B. Musil, S. Gartner, I. Pesek and M. Krašna, “ICT competences assessment through ICT escape room,” 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2019, pp. 622-626, doi: 10.23919/MIPRO.2019.8757043.
III. C. H. Hsu, C. E. Montenegro Marin, R. Gonzalez Crespo and H. F. Mohamed El-sayed, “Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Social Computing and Social Internet of Things,” in IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 947-949, 1 May-June 2022, doi: 10.1109/TNSE.2022.3167460.

IV. D. Połap, G. Srivastava, A. Jolfaei and R. M. Parizi, “Blockchain Technology and Neural Networks for the Internet of Medical Things,” IEEE INFOCOM 2020 – IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2020, pp. 508-513, doi: 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162735.
V. H. Dehghani, “The effectiveness of a mobile application “Kalcal” on the learning of mathematics in students with dyscalculia,” 2019 International Serious Games Symposium (ISGS), 2019, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ISGS49501.2019.9047035.
VI. M. de Berg, H. L. Bodlaender, S. Kisfaludi-Bak and S. Kolay, “An ETH-Tight Exact Algorithm for Euclidean TSP,” 2018 IEEE 59th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2018, pp. 450-461, doi: 10.1109/FOCS.2018.00050.
VII. M. T. Azhar, M. B. Khan and M. M. Zafar, “Architecture of an Enterprise Project Life Cycle using Hyperledger platform,” 2019 13th International Conference on Mathematics, Actuarial Science, Computer Science and Statistics (MACS), 2019, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/MACS48846.2019.9024764.
VIII. R. A. Canessane, R. Dhanalakshmi, B. Pavithra, B. Sasikanth and C. Sandeep, “HUSP Mining Techniques to Detect Most Weighted Disease and Most Affected Diseases for the Healthcare Industry,” 2019 Fifth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM), 2019, pp. 25-32, doi: 10.1109/ICONSTEM.2019.8918784.
IX. R. A. Canessane, R. Dhanalakshmi, B. Pavithra, B. Sasikanth and C. Sandeep, “HUSP Mining Techniques to Detect Most Weighted Disease and Most Affected Diseases for the Healthcare Industry,” 2019 Fifth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM), 2019, pp. 25-32, doi: 10.1109/ICONSTEM.2019.8918784.
X. S. Dragoumanos, L. Garcia, D. Schultz and L. Bowlby, “IEEE pre-university science, technology, engineering, and mathematics outreach: Share. Give back. Inspire,” in IEEE Potentials, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 12-14, Sept.-Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1109/MPOT.2022.3181437.
XI. S. H. Said Abdelaziz Abdelrazek, H. B. Kutty Mammi and M. M. Din, “Privilege Escalation Focused Offensive Security Training Platform,” 2021 International Conference on Data Science and Its Applications (ICoDSA), 2021, pp. 169-174, doi: 10.1109/ICoDSA53588.2021.9617497.
XII. S. Hu, L. Shuai, Q. Yang and H. Chen, “Study on Wireless Signal Propagation in Residential Outdoor Activity Area Based on Deep Learning,” 2021 International Conference on Computer, Control and Robotics (ICCCR), 2021, pp. 225-230, doi: 10.1109/ICCCR49711.2021.9349418.
XIII. S. Mistry and L. Wang, “Efficient Prediction of Heart Disease Using Cross Machine Learning Techniques,” 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Image Processing, Electronics and Computers (IPEC), 2022, pp. 1002-1006, doi: 10.1109/IPEC54454.2022.9777309.
XIV. S. Xiong, Q. Cao and W. Si, “Adaptive Path Tracing with Programmable Bloom Filters in Software-Defined Networks,” IEEE INFOCOM 2019 – IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, 2019, pp. 496-504, doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2019.8737387.
XV. T. Ostojic, “Applicability of knowledge: Motivational factor for beginning learners of programming,” 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2018, pp. 0491-0493, doi: 10.23919/MIPRO.2018.8400093.

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ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS TO BALANCE EQUATIONS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS – A COMPARISON AND WAY FORWARD

Authors:

Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Mumtaz Yousaf

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.01.00001

Abstract:

In this study, a comparative analysis is to be conducted between different mathematical techniques to find out the best one which can be more suitable from all perspectives to balance equations of chemical reactions and to provide case-to-case recommendations for the practitioners. The linear algebra approach, linear programming approach, and integer linear programming approach have been successfully utilized for chemical equation balancing.  Some chemical equations have been taken from the literature to see the performance of the above approaches. After highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the existing approaches, some proposals for modification are presented. The proposed modifications have been worked out on all problems, and the integer solution is attained for all problems; even in cases where existing methods failed. The final recommendations on easier and better techniques have been provided. The two modified methods achieved top ratings among the existing and proposed methods.

Keywords:

Mathematical methods,Chemical equations,Linear Algebra,Linear Programming,Integer Linear Programming,FLOPs, Mathematical Chemistry,

Refference:

I. Abdelrahim M. Zabadi and RamizAssaf, (2017), “Balancing a Chemical Reaction Equation Using Algebra Approach”, International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research(IJBR), vol 8, Issue 1, pp: 24-33.
II. Arcesio Garcia, (1987), “A new method to balance chemical equations”, Journal of chemical equation, vol 64, pp: 247-248.
III. Charnock, N. L, (2016), “Teaching Method for Balancing Chemical Equations: An Inspection versus an Algebraic Approach”. American Journal of Educational Research, vol 4, pp: 507-511
IV. Dr. Kakde Rameshkumar Vishwambharrao, Sant Gadage Maharaj Mahavidyalaya, Loha (Maharashtra), (September 2013), “Balancing Chemical Equations by Using Mathematical Model”, International Journal of Mathematical Research & Science (IJMRS), vol. 1, Issue 4, pp: 129-132.
V. E.V. Krishnamurthy, (1978), “Generalized matrix inverse approach to automatic balancing of chemical equation”, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol 9, no 3,
pp: 323–328.
VI. Ice B Risteski, (2012), “New very Hard Problems of Balancing Chemical Reactions”, Bulgarian Journal of Science Education, vol 21, No 4, pp: 574
VII. Ice.B Ristaki, (2014), “A new generalized algebra for the balancing of chemical reactions”, Materiali technologije/materials and technology, vol 48, Issue 2, pp: 215-219.
VIII. Lochte, H.L, (1997), “Pole reaction method (ion electron/half reaction)”, Journalof chemical education, vol 74, Issue 11, pp: 146-157.
IX. Mansoor Niaz and Anton E Lawson, (1985), “Balancing Chemical Equations: The Role of Developmental level and Mental Capacity”, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, vol 22, No 1, pp: 41-51.
X. Mumtaz Yousaf, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Abdul Wasim Shaikh (2020). Efficient Mathematical Programming Techninques For Balancing Equations of Complex Chemical Reactions. Journal of Maecahnics of Continua and Mathemtical Sciences. 15 (10): 53-66.
XI. Paul M. Treichel John C. Kotz, at https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-reaction/Photolysis-reactions
XII. R. David Jones, A. Paul Schwab, (1989), “Balancer: A computer program for balancing chemical equations”, Journal of agronomic education, vol 18, Issue 1, pp: 29-32.
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XV. S K Sen, Hans Agarwal, Sagar Sen, (Feburary 2006), “Chemical Equation Balancing: An integer programming appoach”, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol 44, pp: 678–691
XVI. William C. Herndon, (November 1997), “On Balancing Chemical Equations: Past and Present”, Journal of Chemical Education, vol 74, No 11, pp: 1359-1362.

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UNET MOBILENETV2: MEDICAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORK (DNN)

Authors:

Bikash Chandra Bag, Hirak Kumar Maity, Chaitali Koley

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.01.00002

Abstract:

In this paper, the framework of polyp image segmentation is developed using a Deep neural network (DNN). Here Unet Mobile NetV2 is considered to evaluate the performance of the image from the CVC-612 dataset for the segmentation method. The proposed model outperformed earlier results. To compare our results two parameters, normally Dice co-efficient and Intersection over Union (IoU) are considered. The proposed model may be used for accurate computer-aided polyp detection and segmentation during colonoscopy examinations to find out abnormal tissue and thereby decrease the chances of polyps growing into cancer. MobileNetV2 significantly outperforms U-Net and MobileNetV2, two key state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, by achieving high evaluation scores with a dice coefficient of 89.71%, and an IoU of 81.64%.

Keywords:

Deep Neural network,Semantic segmentation,UNet MobileNetV2,

Refference:

I. A. Arezzo, A. Koulaouzidis, A. Menciassi, D. Stoyanov, E. B. Mazomenos, F. Bianchi, G. Ciuti, P. Brandao, P. Dario, R. Caliò, Fully convolutional neural networks for polyp segmentation in colonoscopy. In: International Society for Optics and Photonics. Medical Imaging 2017: Computer-Aided Diagnosis, v. 10134, p. 101340F, 2017.
II. A. Howard, M. Zhu, A. Zhmoginov, L-C. Chen, M. Sandler, MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks. 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, p. 4510-4520, 2018.
III. A. Howard, M. Zhu, A. Zhmoginov, L-C. Chen, M. Sandler, MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks. 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, p. 4510-4520, 2018.
IV. A. V. Mamonov, I. N. Figueiredo, P. N. Figueiredo Y-H. R. Tsai, Automated polyp detection in colon capsule endoscopy. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, v. 33, n. 7, p. 1488–1502, 2014.
V. B. Paul, S. A. Fattah, T. Mahmud, Polypsegnet: A modified encoderdecoder architecture for automated polyp segmentation from colonoscopy images. Computers in Biology and Medicine, p. 104119, 2020.
VI. D-P. Fan, G. Chen, G-P. Ji, H. Fu, J. Shen, L. Pranet Shao, T. Zhou, : Parallel reverse attention network for polyp segmentation. In: SPRINGER.International Conference on Medical Image Computing and ComputerAssisted Intervention, p. 263–273, 2020.
VII. D. Jha, D. Johansen, H. D. CVC-612, Johansen, M. A. Riegler, P. Halvorsen, P. H. Smedsrud, T. Lange : A Segmented Polyp Dataset. In Proc. of International Conference on Multimedia Modeling (MMM), p. 451-462, 2019.
VIII. D. Jha, H. D. Johansen, M. A. Riegler, P. Halvorsen, P. H. Smedsrud, T. Lange, ResUNet++: An Advanced Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation. 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM),2019.
IX. E. Dekker, J. C. V. Rijn, J. B. Reitsma, J. Stoker, P. M. Bossuyt, S. J. V. Deventer, Polyp miss rate determined by tandem colonoscopy: a systematic review. The American journal of gastroenterology, v. 101, p. 343, 2006.
X. E. Nasr-Esfahani, K. Najarian, M. Akbari, M. Mohrekesh, N. Karimi, S. M. R. Soroushmehr, S. Samavi, Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images using fully convolutional network. In: IEEE. 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), p. 69–72, 2018.

XI. F. Chollet, Keras. https://github.com/fchollet/keras, 2015.
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XIII. J. Liang, N. Tajbakhsh, S. R. Gurudu, Automated polyp detection in colonoscopy videos using shape and context information. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, v. 35, n. 2, p. 630–644, 2015.
XIV. O. Ronneberger, P. Fischer, T. Brox, U-net: Convolutional networks forbiomedical image segmentation. In: SPRINGER. International Conference on Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention, p. 234–241, 2015.
XV. N. K. Tomar, Automatic Polyp Segmentation using Fully Convolutional Neural Network, 2021.

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SIMULATION OF WAVE SOLUTIONS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL REPRESENTING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BY USING AN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE

Authors:

Md. Nur Alam

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.01.00003

Abstract:

The existing article examines the mathematical model (MM) representing electrical engineering (EE). We implement the unified technique (UT) to discover new wave solutions (WS) and to erect numerous kinds of solitary wave phenomena (SWP) for the studied model (SM). The SM is one of the models that have vital applications in the area of EE. The taken features provide a firm mathematical framework and may be necessary to the WSs. As an outcome, we get new kinds of WSs from. With 3-d, density, contour, and 2-d for different values of time parameters, mathematical effects explicitly manifest the suggested algorithm's full reliability and large display. We implement a few figures in 3-d, density, contour, and 2-d for diverse values of time parameters to express that these answers have the properties of soliton waves.

Keywords:

The UT method,MM,the modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation,EE,WSs,

Refference:

I. Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Naveed Rafiq, Mohsin Kamran, Muhammad Abbas and Mustafa Inc, Analytical solutions of the fifth-order time fractional nonlinear evolution equations by the unified method, Modern Physics Letters BVol. 36, No. 02, 2150546 (2022)
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IV. A. Das, Explicit weierstrass traveling wave solutions and bifurcation analysis for dissipative Zakharov-Kuznetsov modified equal width equation, Comput. Appl. Math., 37(3), 3208-3225 (2018).
V. A. Korkmaz, O.E. Hepson, K. Hosseini, H. Rezazadeh, M. Eslami, Sine-Gordon expansion method for exact solutions to conformable time fractional equations in RLW-class, J. King Saud University-Science, 32 (1) (2020), pp. 567-574
VI. A.S. Fokas and I.M. Gelfand, A Unified Method for Solving Linear and Nonlinear Evolution Equations and an Application to Integrable Surfaces. In: Gelfand, I.M., Lepowsky, J., Smirnov, M.M. (eds) The Gelfand Mathematical Seminars, 1993–1995. (1996). Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4082-2_5
VII. B. Augner, Well-posedness and stability of infinite dimensional linear port-Hamiltonian systems with nonlinear boundary feedback, SIAM J. Control Optim., 57 (3), 1818-1844, (2019).
VIII. B.S. Bardin and E.A. Chekina, On the constructive algorithm for stability analysis of an equilibrium point of aperiodic hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom in the case of combinational resonance, Regul. Chaotic Dynam., 24 (2), 127-144 (2019).
IX. Deiakeh RA, Ali M, Alilquran M, Sulaiman TA, Momani S, Smadi MA. On finding closed-form solutions to some nonlinear fractional systems via the combination of multi-Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition method. Romanian Reports in Physics. 2022; 74(2): 111.
X. F. F. Linares and G. Ponce, On special regularity properties of solutions of the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 17 (4), 1561-1572 (2018).
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XII. G.R. Deffo, S.B. Yamgoue and F.B. Pelap, Modulational instability and peak solitary wave in a discrete nonlinear electrical transmission line described by the modified extended nonlinear Schrodinger equation, Eur. Phys. J.B, 91 (10), 242 (2018).
XIII. G. R. Duan, Analysis and design of descriptor linear systems. Springer, (2010).
XIV. H. Ahmad, Md. Nur Alam, Md. Abdur Rahman, Maged F Alotaibid and M. Omri, The unified technique for the nonlinear time-fractional model with the beta-derivative, Results in Physics, 29 (2021), 104785; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104785
XV. Joseph SP. New traveling wave exact solutions to the coupled Klein–Gordon system of equations, Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics. 2022; 5: 100208.
XVI. K.S. Nisar, O.A. Ilhan, S.T. Abdulazeez, J. Manafian, S.A. Mohammed, M.S. Osman, Novel multiple soliton solutions for some nonlinear PDEs via multiple Exp-function method Results Phys., 21 (2021), p. 103769
XVII. Ma WX, Soliton solutions by means of Hirota bilinear forms. Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics. 2022; 5: 100220.
XVIII. M. Eslami and H. Rezazadeh, The first integral method for Wu–Zhang system with conformable time-fractional derivative, Calcolo, 53 (2016), pp. 475-485, (2016).
XIX. M. N. Alam, A. R. Seadawy and D. Baleanu, Closed-form solutions to the solitary wave equation in an unmagnatized dusty plasma, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(3): 1505-1514, (2020).
XX. M. N. Alam, A. R. Seadawy and D. Baleanu, Closed-form wave structures of the space-timefractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdVequation with nonlinear physical phenomena, Open Physics, 18(1): 555-565, (2020).

XXI. M. N. Alam and C. Tunc, The new solitary wave structures for the (2 + 1)-dimensional time-fractional Schrodinger equation and the space-time nonlinear conformable fractional Bogoyavlenskii equations, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(4): 2221-2232, (2020).
XXII. M.N. Alam, O.A. Ilhan, J. Manafian, M.I. Asjad, H. Rezazadeh and H.M. Baskonus, New results of some conformable models arising in dynamical systems, Advances in Mathematical Physics, Volume 2022 (2022), Article ID 7753879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7753879.
XXIII. M. N. Alam, S. Aktar and C. Tunc, New solitary wave structures to time fractional biological population model, Journal of Mathematical Analysis-JMA, 11(3): 59-70, (2020).
XXIV. M. N. Alam and X. Li, New soliton solutions to the nonlinear complex fractional Schrödinger equation and the conformable time-fractional Klein–Gordon equation with quadratic and cubic nonlinearity, Physica Scripta, 95: 045224, (2020).
XXV. M.N. Alam, O.A. İlhan, M.S. Uddin and M.A. Rahim, Regarding on the results for the fractional Clannish Random Walker’s Parabolic equation and the nonlinear fractional Cahn-Allen equation, Advances in Mathematical Physics, 2022, Article ID 5635514, (2022).
XXVI. N. Raza, M.H. Rafiq, M. Kaplan, S. Kumar and Y.M. Chu, The unified method for abundant soliton solutions of local time fractional nonlinear evolution equations, Results in Physics, 22, 103979, (2021).
XXVII. N. Raza and M.H. Rafiq, Abundant fractional solitons to the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations arising in shallow water waves, Internat J Modern Phys B, 34 (18) (2020), Article 2050162, (2020).
XXVIII. R. Saleh, S.M. Mabrouk and A.M. Wazwaz, Lie symmetry analysis of a stochastic gene evolution in double-chain deoxyribonucleic acid system. Waves in Random and Complex Media, https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2020.1871109 (2021).
XXIX. Shakeel M, Attaullah, Shah NA, Chung JD. Application of modified exp-function method for strain wave equation for finding analytical solutions. Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 2022; 2022: 101883. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101883
XXX. Shakeel M, Attaullah, El-Zahar ER, Shah NA, Chung JD. Generalized exp-function method to find closed form solutions of nonlinear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation defined by seismic sea waves. Mathematics. 2022; 10(7): article no. 1026. doi.org/10.3390/math 10071026.
XXXI. S. Duran S, Travelling wave solutions and simulation of the Lonngren wave equation for tunnel diode. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 53, Article number: 458, (2021).
XXXII. S. Duran S, Breaking theory of solitary waves for the Riemann wave equation in fluid dynamics. International Journal of Modern Physics B, 35(9): 2150130. (2021).
XXXIII. Shakeel M, Attaullah, El-Zahar ER, Shah NA, Chung JD. Generalized exp-function method to find closed form solutions of nonlinear dispersive modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation defined by seismic sea waves. Mathematics. 2022; 10(7): article no. 1026. doi.org/10.3390/math 10071026.
XXXIV. Thottoli SR, Tamsir M, Dhiman N, Souadi G. Computational modeling of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation and its numerical solution using hybrid B-spline collocation technique. Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics. 2022; 5: 100348.
XXXV. Tripathy A, Sahoo S. The new optical behaviour of the LPD model with Kerr law and parabolic law of nonlinearity. Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics.2022; 5: 100334.
XXXVI. T.T. Guy and J.R. Bogning, Construction of Breather soliton solutions of a modeled equation in a discrete nonlinear electrical line and the survey of modulationnal in stability, J. Phys. Commun., 2 (11), 115007 (2018).
XXXVII. Yiren Chen1 and Shaoyong Li, New Traveling Wave Solutions and Interesting Bifurcation Phenomena of Generalized KdV-mKdV-Like Equation, Advances in Mathematical PhysicsVolume 2021 |Article ID 4213939 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4213939
XXXVIII. Younas U, Sulaiman TA, Ren J. Diversity of optical soliton structures in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensate modeled by three-component Gross–Pitaevskii system. International Journal of Modern Physics B. 2022; 2022: 2350004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979223500042.
XXXIX. Younas U, Sulaiman TA, Ren J. On the optical soliton structures in the magneto electro elastic circular rod modeled by nonlinear dynamical longitudinal wave equation. Optical and Quantum Electronics. 2022; 54: 688.
XL. Yusuf A, Sulaiman TA, Alshomrani AS, D. Baleanu D. Optical solitons with nonlinear dispersion in parabolic law medium and threecomponent coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Optical and Quantum Electronics. 2022; 54 (6): 1-13.
XLI. X. Zhou, W. Shan, Z. Niu, P. Xiao and Y. Wang, Lie symmetry analysis and some exact solutions formodified Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 32(31), 1850383 (2018).
XLII. Z. Rached, On exact solutions of Chafee–Infante differential equation using enhanced modified simple equation method, J. Interdiscip. Math., 22 (6) (2019), pp. 969-974, (2019).

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A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR FINDING THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STREAM FUNCTION AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL IN REAL NUMBERS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID MOTIONS

Authors:

Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.02.00001

Abstract:

In this paper, the author has presented the fundamental relations between stream function or current function,  and velocity potential or velocity function, φ which are ∂φ/∂x= ∂/∂y and ∂φ/∂y= - ∂/∂x where x,y,φ(x_(, ) y),  (x_(, ) y) are all real in two-dimensional fluid motions using real variables only whereas these relations had been established by using complex variables by Cauchy – Riemann which are known as Cauchy – Riemann equations in fluid dynamics.

Keywords:

Riemann equations,Quadratic equations,Rectangular Bhattacharyya’s Coordinates,Stream function,Theory of Dynamics of Numbers,Velocity potential,

Refference:

I. A. Roshko. 1993. Perspectives on Bluff Body Aerodynamics. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 49.1-3:79–100.
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V. d’Alembert, Jean (1752). Essai d’une nouvelle théorie de la résistance des fluides. Paris: David l’aîné. Reprint 2018 by Hachette Livre-BNF ISBN 978-2012542839.
VI. D. Coles. 1965. Transition in Circular Couette Flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 21(3):385–425.
VII. Dieudonné, Jean Alexandre (1969). Foundations of modern analysis. Academic Press. §9.10, Ex. 1.
VIII. Euler, Leonhard (1797). “Ulterior disquisitio de formulis integralibus imaginariis”. Nova Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae. 10: 3–19.
IX. G.I. Taylor. 1923. VIII. Stability of a viscous liquid contained between two rotating cylinders. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character 223:289–343.
X. G.I. Taylor. 1923. VIII. Stability of a viscous liquid contained between two rotating cylinders. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character 223:289–343.
XI. Gamelin, T. W. (2001), Complex Analysis, New York: Springer, ISBN 0-387-95093-1
XII. Gray, J. D.; Morris, S. A. (April 1978). “When is a Function that Satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann Equations Analytic?”. The American Mathematical Monthly. 85 (4): 246 – 256 doi:10.2307/2321164. JSTOR 2321164.
XIII. Gray & Morris 1978, Theorem 9.
XIV. Iwaniec, T.; Martin, G. (2001). Geometric function theory and non-linear analysis. Oxford. p. 32.
XV. Kobayashi, Shoshichi; Nomizu, Katsumi (1969). Foundations of differential geometry, volume 2. Wiley. Proposition IX.2.2.
XVI. Lagrange, J.-L. (1868), “Mémoire sur la théorie du mouvement des fluides (in: Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Berlin, année 1781)”, Oevres de Lagrange, vol. Tome IV, pp. 695–748.
XVII. Lamb (1932, pp. 62–63) and Batchelor (1967, pp. 75–79)
XVIII. Lamb, H. (1932), Hydrodynamics (6th ed.), Cambridge University Press, republished by Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-60256-7.
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SIMULATION OF WAVE SOLUTIONS OF A FRACTIONAL-ORDER BIOLOGICAL POPULATION MODEL

Authors:

Md. Sabur Uddin, Md. Nur Alam, Kanak Chandra Roy

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.02.00002

Abstract:

In this analysis, we apply prominent mathematical systems like the modified (G'/G)-expansion method and the variation of (G'/G)-expansion method to the nonlinear fractional-order biological population model. We formulate twenty-three mathematical solutions, which are clarified hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational. Using MATLAB software, we illustrate two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and contour shapes of our obtained solutions. These mathematical systems depict and display its considerate and understandable technique that generates a king type shape, singular king shapes, soliton solutions, singular lump and multiple lump shapes, periodic lump and rouge, the intersection of king and lump wave profile, and the intersection of lump and rogue wave profile. Measuring our return and that gained in the past released research shows the novelty of our analysis. These systems are also capable to represents various solutions for other fractional models in the field of applied mathematics, physics, and engineering.

Keywords:

Nonlinear fractional order biological model, the modified -expansion method,the variation of -expansion method, mathematical solutions,nonlinear partial differential equations, lump, and rogue wave,

Refference:

I. A. A. Kilbas, H. M. Sribastova, and J. J. Trujillo, Theory and Applications of Fractional Differential Equations, Elsevier, San Diego,2006.
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IV. A. Korkmaz, O. E. Hepson, K. Hosseini, H. Rezazadeh and M.Eslami,‘ Sine-Gordon expansion method for exact solutions to conformal time fractional equations in RLW-class’, Journal of King Saud University-Science, vol. 32,no.1, 2018.
V. A. R. Shehata and S. S. M. Abu-Amra,’Geometrical properties and exact solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics using different expansion methods,’Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 33, pp. 1-19, 2019.
VI. A. Zafar, M. Raheel, M. Q. Zafar et al.,’Dynamics of different nonlinearities to the perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation via solitary wave solutions with numerical simulations,’Fractal and Fractional, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 213, 2021.
VII. C. Park, R. I. Nuruddeen, K. K. Ali, L. Muhammad, M. S. Osman, and D. Baleanu,’Novel hyperbolic and exponential ansatz methods to the fractional fifth-order Korteweg de Vries equations,’ Adv. Difference Equ., vol.2020, no. 1, p.627, 2020.
VIII. E. C. Ahsan and M. Inc,‘ Optical soliton solutions of the NLSE with quadratic-cubic-hamiltonian perturbations and modulation instability analysis’, Optik, vol. 196,pp.162661 , 2019.
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XII. G. M. Ismail, H. R. A. Rahim, A. A. Aty, R. Kharabsheh, W. Alharbi and M. A. Aty,‘ An analytical solution for fractional oscillator in a resisting medium’, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 130,pp.109395 , 2020.
XIII. H. Ahmed, A. Akgul, T. A. Khan, P. S. Stanimirovic, and Y. M. Chu ,‘ A new analyzing technique for nonlinear time fractional Cauchy reaction-diffusion model equations,’ Results in Physics’ vol. 19,p.103462 , 2020.
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