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ON ORTHOGONALIZATION OF BOUBAKER POLYNOMIALS

Authors:

Nazeer Ahmed Khoso, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00011

Abstract:

In this work, we explore some unknown properties of the Boubaker polynomials. The orthogonalization of the Boubaker polynomials has not been discussed in the literature. Since most of the application areas of such polynomial sequences demand orthogonal polynomials, the orthogonality of the Boubaker polynomials will help extend its theareas of application. We investigate orthogonality of classical Boubaker polynomials using Sturm-Liouville form and then apply the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process to develop modified Boubaker polynomials which are also orthogonal. Some classical properties, like orthogonality and orthonormality relation and zeros, of the modified Boubaker polynomials, have been proved. The contributions from this study have an impact on the further application of modified Boubaker polynomials to not only the cases where classical polynomials could be used but also in cases where the classical ones could not be used due to orthogonality issue.

Keywords:

Orthogonalization,Boubaker polynomials,zeros,Recurrence relation,Gram-Schmidt process,Sturm-Liouville form,

Refference:

I. Abramowitz, M. and Stegun, I. A. (Eds.). “Orthogonal Polynomials.” Ch. 22 in Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, 9th printing. New York: Dover, pp. 771-802, 1972.
II. Ahmed, I. N. (2020). Numerical Solution for Solving Two-Points Boundary Value Problems Using Orthogonal Boubaker Polynomials. Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 25(2), 4.
III. Amlouk, A., Boubaker, K., & Amlouk, M. (2010). SnO2 thin films morphological and optical properties in terms of the Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme BPES-related Opto-Thermal Expansivity ψAB. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 490(1-2), 602-604.
IV. Andrews, G. E.; Askey, R.; and Roy, R. “Jacobi Polynomials and Gram Determinants” and “Generating Functions for Jacobi Polynomials.” §6.3 and 6.4 in a Functions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 293-306, 1999.
V. Andrews, G. E.; Askey, R.; and Roy, R. “Laguerre Polynomials.” §6.2 in Special Functions. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, pp. 282-293, 1999
VI. Barry, P. (2013). On the connection coefficients of the Chebyshev-Boubaker polynomials. The Scientific World Journal, 2013.
VII. Boubaker, K. (2007). On modified Boubaker polynomials: some differential and analytical properties of the new polynomials issued from an attempt for solving bi-varied heat equation. Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 2(6), 540-544
VIII. Boubaker, K. (2011). Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme (BPES) solution to Boltzmann diffusion equation in the case of strongly anisotropic neutral particles forward–backward scattering. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 38(8), 1715–1717.
IX. Boubaker, K., Chaouachi, A., Amlouk, M., & Bouzouita, H. (2007). Enhancement of pyrolysis spray disposal performance using thermal time-response to precursor uniform deposition. The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics, 37(1), 105-109.
X. Carlitz, L. “A Note on the Bessel Polynomials.” Duke Math. J. 24, 151-162, 1957.
XI. Chew, W. C., & Kong, J. A. (1981, March). Asymptotic formula for the capacitance of two oppositely charged discs. In Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 373-384). Cambridge University Press
XII. Dada, M., Awojoy ogbe, O. B., Hasler, M. F., Mahmoud, K. B. B., & Bannour, A. (2008). Establishment of a Chebyshev-dependent inhomogeneous second order differential equation for the applied physics-related Boubaker-Turki polynomials. Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal, 3(2), 329-336.
XIII. Dubey, B., Zhao, T.G., Jonsson, M., Rahmanov, H., 2010. A solution to the accelerated-predator-satiety Lotka–Volterra predator–prey problem using Boubaker polynomial expansion scheme. J. Theor. Biol. 264 (1), 154–160.
XIV. Labiadh, H., & Boubaker, K. (2007). A Sturm-Liouville shaped characteristic differential equation as a guide to establish a quasi-polynomial expression to the Boubaker polynomials. Дифференциальные уравнения и процессы управления, (2), 117-133.
XV. Milovanović, G. V., & Joksimović, D. (2012). Some properties of Boubaker polynomials and applications. doi:10.1063/1.4756326
XVI. Milgram, A. (2011). The stability of the Boubaker polynomials expansion scheme (BPES)-based solution to Lotka–Volterra problem. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 271(1), 157–158. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.002
XVII. Ouda, E. H., Ibraheem, S. F., & Fahmi, I. N. A. (2016). Indirect Method for Optimal Control Problem Using Boubaker Polynomial. Baghdad Science Journal, 13, 1.
XVIII. Shaikh, M. M., & Boubaker, K. (2016). An efficient numerical method for computation of the number of complex zeros of real polynomials inside the open unit disk. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 21(1), 86–91.
XIX. Slama, S., Bessrour, J., Boubaker, K., Bouhafs, M., 2008b. A dynamical model for investigation of A3 point maximal spatial evolution during resistance spot welding using Boubaker polynomials. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 44 (03), 317–322.
XX. Yücel, U. (2010). The Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme for Solving Applied-physics Nonlinear high-order Differential Equations. Studies in Nonlinear Science, 1(1), 1-7.
XXI. Zhang, D. H., & Li, F. W. (2010). Boubaker Polynomials Expansion Scheme (BPES) optimisation of copper tin sulfide ternary materials precursor’s ratio-related properties. Materials Letters, 64(6), 778-780.

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A NEW AND EFFICIENT SIMPSON’S 1/3-TYPE QUADRATURE RULE FOR RIEMANN-STIELTJES INTEGRAL

Authors:

Kashif Memon , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00012

Abstract:

In this research paper, a new derivative-free Simpson 1/3-type quadrature scheme has been proposed for the approximation of the Riemann-Stieltjes integral (RSI). The composite form of the proposed scheme on the RSI has been derived using the concept of precision. The theorems concerning basic form, composite form, local and global errors of the new scheme have been proved theoretically. For the trivial case of the integrator in the proposed RS scheme, successful reduction to the corresponding Riemann scheme is proved. The performance of the proposed scheme has been tested by numerical experiments using MATLAB on some test problems of RS integrals from literature against some existing schemes. The computational cost, the order of accuracy and average CPU times (in seconds) of the discussed rules have been computed to demonstrate cost-effectiveness, time-efficiency and rapid convergence of the proposed scheme under similar conditions.

Keywords:

Quadrature rule,Riemann-Stieltjes,Simpson’s 1/3 rule,Composite form,Local error,Global error,Cost-effectiveness,Time-efficiency,

Refference:

I. Bartle, R.G. and Bartle, R.G., The elements of real analysis, (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons, 1964.
II. Bhatti AA, Chandio MS, Memon RA and Shaikh MM, A Modified Algorithm for Reduction of Error in Combined Numerical Integration, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 51.4, (2019): 745-750.
III. Burden, R.L., Faires, J.D., Numerical Analysis, Brooks/Cole, Boston, Mass, USA, 9th edition, 2011.
IV. Dragomir, S.S., and Abelman S., Approximating the Riemann-Stieltjes integral of smooth integrands and of bounded variation integrators, Journal of Inequalities and Applications 2013.1 (2013), 154.
V. Malik K., Shaikh, M. M., Chandio, M. S. and Shaikh, A. W. : Some new and efficient derivative-based schemes for numerical cubature. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mechanical Sciences, Vol.-15, No.-10, October (2020) pp: 67-78, 2020.
VI. Memon K, Shaikh MM, Chandio MS and Shaikh AW, A Modified Derivative-Based Scheme for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 52.1, (2020): 37-40.
VII. Memon, A. A., Shaikh, M. M., Bukhari, S. S. H., & Ro, J. S. (2020). Look-up Data Tables-Based Modeling of Switched Reluctance Machine and Experimental Validation of the Static Torque with Statistical Analysis. Journal of Magnetics, 25(2), 233-244.
VIII. Mercer, P.R., Hadamard’s inequality and Trapezoid rules for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral, Journal of Mathematica Analysis and Applications, 344 (2008), 921-926.
IX. Mercer, P.R., Relative convexity and quadrature rules for the Riemann-Stieltjes integral, Journal of Mathematica inequality, 6 (2012), 65-68.
X. Malik Kamran, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh, : SOME NEW AND EFFICIENT DERIVATIVE-BASED SCHEMES FOR NUMERICAL CUBATURE, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-10, October (2020) pp 67-78.
XI. Mokhtar A. Abd El Naby, Nabil T. Mohammed El Dabe, : Numerical Solution And Global Error Estimation of Peristaltic Motion Of A Jhonson-Segalman Fluid With Heat and Mass Transfer In A Planer Channel, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol – 2 No -1, July (2007) 16-35
XII. Protter, M.H. and Morrey, C.B., A First Course in Real Analysis . Springer, New York, NY, 1977.
XIII. Ramachandran, T., D. Udayakumar, and R. Parimala, Comparison of Arithmetic Mean, Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean Derivative-Based Closed Newton Cote Quadrature, Progress in Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos, 4 (2016), 35-43.
XIV. Shaikh, MM., MS Chandio and AS Soomro, A Modified Four-point Closed Mid-point Derivative Based Quadrature Rule for Numerical Integration, Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 48.2 (2016).
XV. Shaikh, M. M. “Analysis of Polynomial Collocation and Uniformly Spaced Quadrature Methods for Second Kind Linear Fredholm Integral Equations–A Comparison.” Turkish Journal of Analysis and Number Theory 7.4 (2019): 91-97
XVI. Zafar, F., S. Saleem and C. O. E. Burg, New Derivative Based Open Newton-Cotes Quadrature Rules, Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2014 (2014), Article ID 109138, 16 Pages. doi:10.1155/2014/109138.
XVII. Zhao, W., and H. Li, Midpoint Derivative-Based Closed Newton-Cotes Quadrature, Abstract And Applied Analysis, Article ID 492507, (2013).
XVIII. Zhao, W., Z. Zhang, and Z. Ye, Composite Trapezoid rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral and its Richardson Extrapolation Formula, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 35 (2015), 311-318.
XIX. Zhao, W., Z. Zhang, and Z. Ye, Midpoint Derivative-Based Trapezoid Rule for the Riemann-Stieltjes Integral, Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 33, (2014), 369-376.

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A PIONEERING AND COMPREHENSIVE DATABASE OF BALANCED AND UNBALANCED TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS FOR READY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EXISTING AND NEW METHODS

Authors:

Huzoor Bux Kalhoro , Hafeezullah Abdulrehman, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Abdul Sattar Soomro

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00013

Abstract:

In this paper, we present a comprehensive database of the data tables of some important transportation problems from literature, and experience with the proposition of new initial basic feasible (IBF) solution methods for the transportation problems. The paper contains a comprehensive database of 140 transportation problems, of which 103 are balanced, 25 are unbalanced and 12 are from research papers. The detailed description of the varying-nature test problems is described, and the optimal solutions of the 140 problems have been obtained by using the TORA software with the modified distribution (MODI) method. The algorithms of three methods: North-West-Corner (NWCM), Least cost (LCM) and Vogel’s approximation (VAM) have been used for IBF solutions. The final optimal results are also quoted for the ready reference of researchers and practitioners. The database of problems and their optimal solutions will be a great aid to researchers and practitioners working with the existing and new methods for solving transportation problems. A pioneering investigation of the performance evaluation of NWCM, LCM and VAM has also been conducted as a benchmark for the similar assessment of other existing and forthcoming IBF and /or optimal solution methods for the transportation problems.  

Keywords:

Transportation problem,optimal solution,MODI method,TORA software,Minimum cost,performance evaluation,

Refference:

I. Adlakha, Veena, and Krzysztof Kowalski. “Alternate solutions analysis for transportation problems.” Journal of Business & Economics Research 7.11 (2009): 41-49.
II. Bhan, Veer, Ashfaque Ahmed Hashmani, and Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh. “A new computing perturb-and-observe-type algorithm for MPPT in solar photovoltaic systems and evaluation of its performance against other variants by experimental validation.” Scientia Iranica 26, no. Special Issue on machine learning, data analytics, and advanced optimization techniques in modern power systems [Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)] (2019): 3656-3671.
III. Chungath Linesh, “Comparison of Transportation Problems Solved by Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM-1958), Revised Distribution Method (RDI -2013) & The New Method”, available online, 2004 @ https://www.academia.edu/1137498
IV. Das, Utpal Kanti, et al. “Logical development of vogel’s approximation method (LD-VAM): an approach to find basic feasible solution of transportation problem.” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 3.2 (2014): 42-48.
V. Deshmukh, N. M. “An innovative method for solving transportation problem.” International Journal of Physics and Mathematical Sciences 2.3 (2012): 86-91.
VI. Goyal, S. K. “Improving VAM for unbalanced transportation problems.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 35.12 (1984): 1113-1114.
VII. Hakim, M. A. “An alternative method to find initial basic feasible solution of a transportation problem.” Annals of pure and applied mathematics 1.2 (2012): 203-209.
VIII. Islam Md Amirul, Aminur Rehman Khan, Sharif Uddin M and Abdul Malek M Islam. “Determination of basic feasible solution of transportation problem: a new approach.” Jahangirnagar University Journal of Science 35.1 (2012): 101-108.
IX. Jamali, S., Shaikh, M. M., & Soomro, A. S. (2019). Overview of Optimality of New Direct Optimal Methods for the Transportation Problems. Asian Research Journal of Mathematics, 15(4), 1-10.
X. Jamali S., Soomro, A. S., & Shaikh, M. M. (2020). The Minimum Demand Method – A New and Efficient Initial Basic Feasible Solution Method for Transportation Problems. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 15 (10), 94-105.
XI. Korukoğlu, Serdar, and Serkan Ballı. “A Improved Vogel’s Approximation Method for the Transportation Problem.” Mathematical and Computational Applications 16.2 (2011): 370-381.
XII. Mamidi, Pushpa Latha. “Ones method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problem.” In Proceedings International Conference On Advances In Engineering And Technology, International Association of Engineering & Technology for Skill Development, 41-45, ISBN NO: 978 – 1503304048,
XIII. Massan, S.-u-R., Wagan, A. I., & Shaikh, M. M.. “A new metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by human dynasties with an application to the wind turbine micrositing problem.” Applied Soft Computing 90 (2020): 106176.
XIV. M. Wali Ullah, Rizwana Kawser, M. Alhaz Uddin, : A DIRECT ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR FINDING AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS, J. Mech.Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-9, No.-2, January (2015) Pages 1311-1320.
XV. M. A. Hossen, Farjana Binte Noor, Transportation Cost Effective named Maximum Cost, Corresponding Row and Column minima (MCRCM) Algorithm for Transportation Problem, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-1, January-February (2019) pp 241-249.
XVI. Pandian, P., and G. Natarajan. “A new method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” International J. of Math. Sci. and Engg. Appls 4 (2010): 59-65.
XVII. Pandian P. and Natarajan G. “A new approach for solving transportation problems with mixed constraints”, Journal of Physical Sciences 14 (2010): 53-61.
XVIII. Quddoos, Abdul, Shakeel Javaid, and Mohd Massod Khalid. “A new method for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering 4.7 (2012): 1271.
XIX. Shaikh, Muhammad Mujtaba; Soomro, Abdul Sattar; Kalhoro, Huzoor Bux (2020), “Comprehensive database of test transportation problems (balanced and unbalanced)”, Mendeley Data, V1, doi: 10.17632/b73b5kmcwm.1

XX. Sharma, S. D., Sharma Himanshu Operations Research, Kedar Nath Ram Nath, 2010
XXI. Soomro, A.S., S. Jamali, and M. M. Shaikh. “On Non-Optimality of Direct Exponential Approach Method for Solution of Transportation Problems.” Sindh University Research Journal-SURJ (Science Series) 49.1 (2017): 183-188
XXII. Soomro, Abdul Sattar, Gurudeo Anand Tularam, and Ghulam Murtaa Bhayo. “A comparative study of initial basic feasible solution methods for transportation problems.” Mathematical Theory and Modeling 4.1 (2014): 11-18.
XXIII. Soomro, Abdul Sattar, Muhammad Junaid, and Gurudev Anand Tularam. “Modified Vogel’s Approximation Method for Solving Transportation Problems.” Mathematical Theory and Modeling 5.4 (2015): 32-42.
XXIV. Sudhakar, V. J., N. Arunsankar, and T. Karpagam. “A new approach for finding an optimal solution for transportation problems.” European journal of scientific Research 68.2 (2012): 254-257.
XXV. Taha, Hamdy A. Operations research: An introduction (for VTU). Pearson Education India, 2005.
XXVI. Unit 1, Lesson 15: “Methods for finding initial solution for a transportation problem” @ https://www.coursehero.com/file/10473072/3-TransportationProblem/
XXVII. Vannan, S. Ezhil, and S. Rekha. “A New Method for Obtaining an Optimal Solution for Transportation Problems.” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2 (2013).
XXVIII. Winston, Wayne L. “Transportation, Assignment, and Transshipment Problems.” Operations Research Applications and Algorithms, Duxbury Press, California (1994): 338.
XXIX. Yousaf, M., Shaikh M. M., & Shaikh A. W. (2020). Some Efficient Mathematical Programming Techniques for Balancing Equations of Complex Chemical Reactions. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 15 (10), 53-66.

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ADIATION SHIELDING EFFECT OF BASALT CONCRETE; AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Authors:

Engr. Furqan Wali, Manzoor Khan, Jahanzeb Khan, Maaz Ahmad, S.Ali Raza

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00014

Abstract:

This paper presents an assessment of gamma radiation performance, specifically in terms of attenuation energy, of concrete containing coarse aggregate having different physical and chemical properties. Basalt being heavier and somehow having high specific gravity is likely to have a good performance against gamma radiation. Through this paper, the author has made a comparison between the concrete having different coarse aggregates, normal aggregate phase and basaltic aggregate phase by evaluating the attenuation energies of both the phases at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM) Peshawar. Also, the water to cement ratio (W/C) for both the phases was distinguished i.e. 3.5 and 5.7 to make the results more promising and enabling to make the comparison effective. The test was likely to be conducted on Molds having 10 cm by 10 cm cross-section of each W/C ratio with varying thickness of about 2cm and will lead up to 10cm. The detecting device used was a phoenix teletherapy machine operating with a former type ionization chamber having an energy of 1.25 MeV. The source of radiation was Cobalt 60. The results indicated that basalt despite having strong physical properties is insufficient to be used for Gamma shielding. The two materials vary very little, so it is negligible to be used for a specific reason.

Keywords:

Basalt rock,Cobalt 60,W/C,Phoenix Teletherapy machine (PTW),

Refference:

I. Asad-ur-Rehman Khan, Tatheer Zahra, : Elasto-damage Modeling of Concrete Subjected to Proportionate and Non-proportionate Multiaxial State of Stress, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-2, March-April (2019) pp 7-26.
II. Abdo, W. Kansouh and R. Megahid, “Investigation of Radiation Attenuation Properties for Baryte Concrete”, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 41, no. 1, 12, pp. 7512-7517, 2002. Available: 10.1143/jjap.41.7512 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
III. A. El-Sayed Abdo, M. Ali and M. Ismail, “Influence of magnetite and boron carbide on radiation attenuation of cement–fiber/composite”, Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 391-403, 2003. Available: 10.1016/s0306-4549(02)00074-9.
IV. M. Kharita, S. Yousef and M. AlNassar, “The effect of carbon powder addition on the properties of hematite radiation shielding concrete”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 388-392, 2009. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.10.002 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
V. C. Lee, Y. Lee and K. Lee, “Cracking effect on gamma-ray shielding performance in concrete structure”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 303-312, 2007. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2007.01.006 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VI. A. Ouda, “Development of high-performance heavy density concrete using different aggregates for gamma-ray shielding”, Progress in Nuclear Energy, vol. 79, pp. 48-55, 2015. Available: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.11.009 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VII. Pignatelli, A. Kumar, R. Alizadeh, Y. Le Pape, M. Bauchy and G. Sant, “A dissolution-precipitation mechanism is at the origin of concrete creep in moist environments”, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 145, no. 5, p. 054701, 2016. Available: 10.1063/1.4955429 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
VIII. Pignatelli, A. Kumar, R. Alizadeh, Y. Le Pape, M. Bauchy and G. Sant, “A dissolution-precipitation mechanism is at the origin of concrete creep in moist environments”, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 145, no. 5, p. 054701, 2016. Available: 10.1063/1.4955429 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
IX. .Rudnov, V. Belyakov and R. Galiakhmetov, “New Concrete for Protection from Radiation in the Urals Based on Natural Fillers”, Solid State Phenomena, vol. 284, pp. 1042-1046, 2018. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1042 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
X. Rudnov V., V. Belyakov and R. Galiakhmetov, “New Concrete for Protection from Radiation in the Urals Based on Natural Fillers”, Solid State Phenomena, vol. 284, pp. 1042-1046, 2018. Available: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1042 [Accessed 8 October 2020].
XI. khan Imtiaz, Intikhab Ahmad, Fawad Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan Ahad, : Mechanical behavior of concrete having springs at different zones, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-3, May-June (2019) pp 385-392

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BLACKSPOTS IDENTIFICATION AND ACCIDENT ANALYSIS OF INDUS HIGHWAY (N-55)

Authors:

Muhammad Majid Naeem, Fazle Subhan, Kashif Yaqub, Muhammad Ikhlas Khan, Junaid Ahmad, Muner Khan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00015

Abstract:

Traffic accidents are unavoidable in human life therefore highway safety is one of the most important factors of transportation engineering. After the advent of National highways and freeways, developing nations including Pakistan is facing new dimensions of highway safety challenges, highway safety management demands more attention due to the involvement of high-speed dynamics. This study presents a method by which accident-prone locations commonly termed as Blackspots are been identified. A stretch of 188 KM of National Highway N-55 also known as Indus highway from Peshawar to Lakki Marwat has been selected for the study. Road traffic accident data was only available with local district police in a manual file record (First Investigation Report). Accident data were collected from nine police stations along the selected route for seven years i.e. from 2013 to 2019. After analysis, it was found that most of the accidents occurred due to over speeding and geometric problems. Moreover, it was also found that there are no proper pedestrian crossings. The data was analyzed month and year wise. Fourteen such locations on which five or more fatalities occurred were identified as blackspots.  The blackspots are within the range of 1KM.

Keywords:

Transportation engineering,High-speed dynamics,Accident analysis,Blackspots,

Refference:

I. Adeed Khan, Asif Subhan, Muhammad Hasnain, Mohammad Adil, Muhammad Amar Rafiq, 6Mehre Munir, : Identification of Risk Management in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Project Peshawar, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.2, March-April (2019) pp 87-99
II. Aziz Kamran , Kamran Ahmad , S.M. Tariq Shah, : TRUCK LOADING PATTERN AND ITS IMPACT ON PAVEMENT DESIGN, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-3, March (2020) pp 238-25.
III. Daud, N., and Ibrahim, K. (2007). “Ranking Accident Blackspots with reference to cost of accident using Hierarchical Bayesian Approach.” International journal of Energy and Environment, 1(2).

IV. Elvik, R. (2008). “State of the Art Approaches to Black Spot Management and Highway Safety Analysis for road Networks.” The Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) 883.

V. Hafeez, I., and Kamal,M.(2008). “Accidents Black Spots on Highways and Their Low Cost Remedial Measures”, Proceedings of Fourteenth International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 1 – 3 September 2008, Malta.

VI. Kockelman, K., and Ma, J.(2007). “Freeways speed and speed Variations Proceeding Accidents, within and Across Lanes.” Journal of the transportation Research 46(1) 43-62.

VII. Meuleners, L. B., Hendrie, D., Lee, A. H., and Legge, M. (2008). “Effectiveness of the Black Spot Programs in Western Australia.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(3), 1211- 1216.

VIII. Milton, J. C., Shankar, V. N., and Mannering, F. L. (2008). “Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: An exploratory empirical analysis.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(1), 260-266.

IX. Mustakim, F., and Fujita, M. (2011). “Development of Accident Prediction Model for Rural Roadway.” World Academy of Science, 58.

X. National Transport Research Center (NTRC), (1985). “Road Accident Counter Measures in Pakistan.” National Transport Research Center NTRC-85.

XI. National Transport Research Center (NTRC), (1994). “Road Accident Investigation.” National Transport Research Center, NTRC-179.

XII. National Transport Research Center (NTRC), (1995). “Accident Black Spots Study on National Highway (N-5) Hassanabdal- Attock.” National Transport Research Center, NTRC-185.

XIII. Sims, A. G., Somenahalli, SVC (2010). “Hot Spot Identification using frequency of distinct crash types rather than total crashes.” Australasian Transport Research Forum.

XIV. Vadlamani, S., Chen, E., Ahn, S. And Washington, S.(2011) “Identifying large trucks Hotspots using crash counts and PODE’s.”Journal of transportation Engineering, 137(1).

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ANALYSIS OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY OF PESHAWAR CITY

Authors:

Engr. Furqan wali, Muhammad Asim Khan Marwat, Usama Raheel, Abid Ullah, Engr. Marvan Raza

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.11.00016

Abstract:

In this paper, the authors analyze the drinking water quality of Peshawar city due to which authors concluded that water quality assessment of 18 locations inside Peshawar of various union council. Groundwater samples were collected from a tube well and subjected to physical, chemical and biological analysis to check their suitability for the purpose of drinking. Results exposed that out of 18 samples 10 samples of water were found unfit for drinking purposes. In the 10, samples most of the effect on the water quality was from the chemical and biological contamination. It is concluded that the old defective supply system, infrastructure and storage, as well as their lack of maintenance are the reason behind the pollution of drinking water in Peshawar.

Keywords:

water quality assessment,physical,chemical and biological analysis,purpose of drinking Ground Water,Tube well,

Refference:

I. Ghulam Qadir Shar, Abdul Raheem Shar, Noor-Ul-Hassan Shar, Wahid Bux Jatoi, Waqas Mustafa Ghori at el in 2014 “Assessment of the quality of drinking water of Thari.

II. Mirwah Town and Surrounding Villages, District Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan” where the Assessment of the Quality of Drinking water was done by Ghulam Qadir Shah in 2014.
III. M.K. Daud, Muhammad Nafees at el in 2017 “Drinking water quality status and contamination in Pakistan”.
IV. Muhammad Sheeraz, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Ahad, Fawad Ahmad, Mehr-e-Munir,: Effluents of Hayatabad Industrial Estate and Its Impacts on Human Health and Environment, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-5, November-December (2018) Pages 248-262
V. Shams Ali Baig, Zimo Lou, Muzaffar Ali Baig, Muhammad Qassim, Dilawar Farhan Shams, Qaisar Mahmood and Xinhua Xu at el in 2017 “Assessment of tap water quality and corrosion scales from the selected distribution systems in northern Pakistan”.
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